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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (15): 48-53.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0117

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物育种技术促进甜菜种质资源创新研究进展

郭晗(), 吴则东()   

  1. 黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院, 哈尔滨 150080
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-23 修回日期:2026-03-11 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-13
  • 通讯作者:
    吴则东,男,1972年出生,黑龙江依兰人,研究员,博士,研究方向:甜菜遗传及分子育种。通信地址:150500 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,Tel:0451-86604561,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    郭晗,女,2001年出生,安徽蚌埠人,在读硕士研究生,研究方向:作物遗传育种。通信地址:150500 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,Tel:0451-86604561,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业体系(糖料)项目“甜菜高品质品种改良”(CARS-17)

Biological Breeding Technology Promotes Research on Innovation of Sugar Beet Germplasm Resources

GUO Han(), WU Zedong()   

  1. College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
  • Received:2026-01-23 Revised:2026-03-11 Published:2026-08-15 Online:2026-08-13

摘要:

为筑牢国家食糖安全防线,破解甜菜种质资源创新的核心产业难题,本文系统开展甜菜生物育种相关综述研究:归纳了分子标记技术、转基因技术、基因编辑技术及组织培养技术四大生物育种技术在甜菜种质资源创新中的应用现状与研究进展;总结了这些技术在提升甜菜品质、增强抗病抗逆、促进种质快繁与新种质等方面的实践成效;分析了中国甜菜种质资源创新面临的挑战,包括种质基础薄弱、技术转化效率低、生物与非生物胁迫加剧、政策及人才支撑不足、产业效益偏低等突出问题;提出了多技术融合构建全链条育种体系、挖掘野生种质拓宽遗传基础、开展多抗与品质双优靶向改良、深化产学研协同创新等对策建议;认为生物育种技术是甜菜种质资源精准高效创新的核心支撑,指出未来需搭建全国一体化的种质创新平台、突破遗传转化关键技术瓶颈,以实现中国甜菜种业自主可控与产业高质量发展。

关键词: 甜菜, 种质资源创新, 生物育种技术, 分子标记技术, 基因编辑技术, 转基因技术, 组织培养技术

Abstract:

To strengthen the national sugar security line and solve the core industrial problem of sugar beet germplasm resource innovation, this article systematically conducts a comprehensive review on sugar beet biotechnology breeding. It summarizes the application status and research progress of four major biotechnology breeding techniques (molecular marker technology, transgenic technology, gene editing technology, and tissue culture technology) in the innovation of sugar beet germplasm resources; it concludes the practical achievements of various technologies in the improvement of sugar beet quality, the breeding of disease and stress resistance, the rapid propagation of germplasm, and the creation of new germplasm; it reveals several prominent issues existing in the innovation of Chinese sugar beet germplasm resources, including weak genetic foundation, low efficiency of technology transfer, intensification of biotic and abiotic stresses, insufficient policy and human resource support, and low industrial benefits; it proposes the following countermeasures and suggestions: integrating multiple technologies to build a complete breeding system, exploring wild germplasm to broaden the genetic background, conducting targeted improvement of multiple resistances and excellent quality, and deepening collaborative innovation among industry, academia and research institutions. It is believed that biotechnology breeding techniques are the core support for the precise and efficient innovation of sugar beet germplasm resources. It is pointed out that in the future, a national integrated germplasm innovation platform needs to be established, and key bottlenecks in genetic transformation technology must be broken through, in order to achieve the independent control of China's sugar beet seed industry and the high-quality development of the industry.

Key words: sugar beet, germplasm resource innovation, biological breeding technology, molecular labelling technology, gene editing technology, transgenic technology, tissue culture technology

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