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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 146-152.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0718

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同休耕方式对退化蔬菜地土壤质量的影响

王京文1(), 袁杭杰1, 楼玲2, 章秀梅3, 杨文叶1, 王忠4()   

  1. 1 杭州市农业技术推广中心（杭州市植保植检中心）， 杭州 310020
    2 杭州市余杭区农业生态与植物保护服务站， 杭州 310023
    3 杭州市农业农村事务保障中心， 杭州 310020
    4 杭州市临平区农业技术推广中心， 杭州 311100
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-20 修回日期:2025-11-24 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通讯作者:
    王忠，男，1981年出生，宁夏固原人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事土肥技术研究与推广工作。通信地址：311100 浙江省杭州市临平区临平街道超峰东路6号，Tel：0571-89163156，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王京文，女，1974年出生，山东淄博人，正高级农艺师，硕士，研究方向：土肥技术研究与推广。通信地址：310020 杭州市上城区旺杨街259号 杭州农业大楼，Tel：0571-86781290，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    杭州市农业科技协作与创新攻关专项“设施菜地科学施肥增效技术研究与示范”(202409SX15)

Influence of Different Fallowing Methods on Soil Quality of Degraded Vegetable Fields

WANG Jingwen1(), YUAN Hangjie1, LOU Ling2, ZHANG Xiumei3, YANG Wenye1, WANG Zhong4()   

  1. 1 Hangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center (Hangzhou Plant Protection Plant Inspection Center), Hangzhou 310020
    2 Service Station of Eco-agriculture and Plant Protection in Yuhang District, Hangzhou 310023
    3 Hangzhou Agricultural and Rural Affairs Guarantee Center, Hangzhou 310020
    4 Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Linping District, Hangzhou 311100
  • Received:2025-08-20 Revised:2025-11-24 Published:2026-01-25 Online:2026-01-22

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摘要：

为评估休耕措施对改良退化蔬菜地土壤质量的有效性，本研究针对8种不同的休耕模式开展了为期3 a的田间定位试验。这8种模式包括：不揭棚直接休耕、揭棚后直接休耕、揭棚后旋耕休耕、揭棚后深翻休耕、揭棚后加谷壳深翻休耕、揭棚深翻与覆盖休耕、揭棚深翻与种植绿肥休耕，以及揭棚施石灰深翻休耕。结果表明：所有休耕措施均能显著改善土壤质量，具体表现为不同程度地降低土壤中的水溶性盐分、交换性酸、有效磷和速效钾含量，同时增加土壤有机碳含量、水稳定性团聚体比例、微生物生物量碳含量、碱解氮含量、pH值和阳离子交换量。除不揭棚直接休耕处理外，其他休耕措施均能够有效降低土壤容重。然而，休耕措施对土壤全氮、全磷和缓效钾含量的影响并不显著。研究认为，在揭棚深翻的基础上，再辅以种植绿肥、添加谷壳或施用石灰的休耕模式，是恢复退化蔬菜地土壤质量的最佳选择。揭棚深翻与覆盖休耕以及单纯的揭棚后深翻休耕也有较好的效果；揭棚后旋耕休耕和揭棚后直接休耕的效果相对较小。本研究的创新之处 在于系统性地比较了多种休耕措施对退化蔬菜地土壤质量的恢复效果。通过长期定位试验，量化了不同措施对关键土壤指标的影响，从而为制定科学有效的退化蔬菜地休耕方案提供了重要的实践依据和理论参考。此研究成果有助于推动农业可持续发展，并为类似地区提供借鉴。

关键词: 退化蔬菜地, 休耕措施, 揭棚, 深耕, 覆盖, 施用谷壳, 绿肥, 石灰

Abstract:

To explore the restoration effect of fallowing on the soil quality of degraded vegetable fields, a three-year positioning experiment was carried out on eight fallowing measures which included direct fallowing without removing the greenhouse, direct fallowing after removing the greenhouse, rotary tillage fallowing after removing the greenhouse, deep ploughing fallowing after removing the greenhouse, deep ploughing fallowing with rice husk after removing the greenhouse, deep ploughing and covering fallowing after removing the greenhouse, deep ploughing and planting green manure fallowing after removing the greenhouse and deep ploughing with lime after removing the greenhouse. The changes in soil quality indicators during different fallowing processes were dynamically observed. The results showed that all the above eight fallowing measures could reduce the contents of water-soluble salts, exchangeable acids, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil to varying degrees, and increase soil organic carbon, water-stable aggregates, microbial biomass carbon, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, pH value and cation exchange capacity. Except for the direct fallowing without removing the greenhouse, all other fallowing measures could reduce soil bulk density, but all fallowing measures had a relatively small impact on total nitrogen, total phosphorus and slow-release potassium in the soil. Research suggested that the most suitable fallowing measures for restoring the soil quality of degraded vegetable fields included deep ploughing after removing the greenhouse and planting green manure, deep ploughing with rice husks after removing the greenhouse, and deep ploughing with lime after removing the greenhouse. Deep ploughing after removing the greenhouse and covering, as well as deep ploughing after removing the greenhouse, also had good effects. The effects of rotary tillage after the greenhouse was removed and direct fallowing after the greenhouse was removed were relatively small.

Key words: degraded vegetable fields, fallowing measures, remove the shed, deeply ploughing, cover, apply rice husks, green manure, lime