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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 198-210.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0381

• 食品/营养/检测/安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

大豆源抗衰老活性成分的研究进展

伍海铃1,2(), 孙梦妍2,3, 索海翠2, 任海龙2, 张闻婷2, 孙铭阳2, 申迎宾1(), 袁清华2()   

  1. 1 广州大学生命科学学院, 广州 510006
    2 广东省农科院作物研究所/广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室, 广州 510640
    3 华南农业大学农学院, 广州 510642
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-21 修回日期:2025-10-11 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-04-23
  • 通讯作者:
    袁清华,女,1978年出生,广东清远人,研究员,博士,研究方向:大豆加工、育种及栽培技术推广研究。通信地址:510640 广东省广州市天河区五山金颖路西二街18号 广东省农科院作物研究所,Tel:020-87593931,E-mail:
    申迎宾,男,1981年出生,河北保定人,副教授,博士,研究方向:精准营养与健康研究。通信地址:510006 广州市大学城外环西路230号 广州大学生命科学学院,Tel:020-39366915,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    伍海铃,女,1999年出生,广西玉林人,在读硕士,研究方向:生物与医药。通信地址:510640 广东省广州市天河区五山金颖路西二街18号 广东省农科院作物研究所,Tel:020-87593931,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    广东省农业科学院2024年度院创新基金产业专项“高蛋白大豆资源的收集、鉴定及新种质创制”(CYZX202401); 广东省农业科学院作物研究所所长基金团队项目“大豆学科团队建设所长基金”(0163003)

Research Progress on Anti-aging Active Ingredients of Soybean

WU Hailing1,2(), SUN Mengyan2,3, SUO Haicui2, REN Hailong2, ZHANG Wenting2, SUN Mingyang2, SHEN Yingbin1(), YUAN Qinghua2()   

  1. 1 School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006
    2 Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Improvement, Guangzhou 510640
    3 College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642
  • Received:2025-05-21 Revised:2025-10-11 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-04-23

摘要:

针对全球老龄化加剧、化学抗衰老药物存在安全性局限的问题,为系统揭示大豆源活性成分的抗衰老价值与作用机制,推动天然抗衰老产品研发,本文系统综述大豆肽、大豆异黄酮、大豆皂苷、大豆磷脂四类核心活性成分的理化特性、制备方法及抗衰老效应,重点解析其基于自由基损伤、炎症衰老、免疫衰老三大学说的调控机制,并梳理其在神经、内分泌、皮肤、骨骼等系统的具体调控效应。结果表明:大豆活性成分可通过清除自由基、抑制慢性炎症、增强免疫功能发挥核心抗衰老作用;同时通过改善神经退行性病变、调节激素稳态、维持细胞凋亡平衡、延缓皮肤与骨骼老化实现系统抗衰老,呈现多靶点、多通路、多系统调控特征。综上,本研究提出:(1)现有大豆活性成分理化特性研究多为静态表征,未充分考虑体内动态生理过程及微环境影响。故未来研究应通过模拟体内过程的动态追踪技术,明确大豆活性成分在消化吸收、血液运输中的特性变化,进而为机制研究提供更贴近实际的科学依据。(2)大豆活性成分的抗衰老作用呈多靶点调控特征,但单一组分介导的多重抗衰老机制间的协同作用模式尚未得到系统解析,这制约了对其作用本质的深入认知及功能性产品的高效研发。因此,未来研究应结合多组学技术,聚焦单一组分在抗衰通路中的调控网络,为精准挖掘其抗衰潜力、推动产品定向研发提供机制支撑。(3)当前研究多依赖诱导衰老模型,难以完全模拟人体自然衰老的慢性进程与复杂微环境。未来应聚焦体内动态追踪、多组学解析协同网络、优化自然衰老模型,为大豆抗衰老成分精准开发与临床转化提供科学支撑。

关键词: 大豆, 活性成分, 大豆异黄酮, 大豆肽, 抗衰老, 抗氧化, 抗炎

Abstract:

To gain an in-depth understanding of the research progress of soybean active ingredients, reveal their roles in anti-aging mechanisms, and promote the in-depth development and application of soybean active ingredients as natural anti-aging products, this paper systematically reviews the relevant research progress of soybean active ingredients in aging models. The physicochemical properties and basic efficacy of main active ingredients of soybeans are summarized, including soybean peptides, soybean isoflavones, soybean saponins, and soybean phospholipids. It analyzes the mechanisms by which soybean active ingredients regulate aging based on the three major theories: free radical damage, inflammatory senescence, and immunosenescence. It is concluded that soybean active ingredients can not only exert a core anti-aging effect by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting inflammatory responses, and regulating immune responses, but also achieve systemic regulation of organismal aging by ameliorating the functional decline of the nervous and endocrine systems, delaying skeletal and skin aging, and maintaining intracellular homeostasis, and ultimately exert their anti-aging effects. In summary, this paper proposes that: (1) most existing studies on the physicochemical properties of soybean active ingredients are limited to static characterization and do not fully consider the dynamic physiological processes and microenvironmental effects in vivo. Therefore, future research should employ dynamic tracking technologies that simulate in vivo processes to elucidate the changes in characteristics of soybean active ingredients during digestion, absorption, and blood transportation, thereby providing more realistic scientific evidence for mechanistic studies. (2) The anti-aging effect of soybean active ingredients exhibits multi-target regulatory characteristics, yet the interaction patterns among multiple anti-aging mechanisms mediated by individual components have not been systematically elucidated. This restricts the in-depth understanding of their essential mechanism of action and the efficient development of functional products. Therefore, future research should integrate multi-omics technologies and focus on the regulatory networks of individual components in anti-aging pathways, so as to provide mechanistic support for precisely unlocking their anti-aging potential and promoting targeted product development. (3) Current studies mainly rely on induced aging models, which cannot fully simulate the chronic process and complex microenvironment of natural human aging. Future research should optimize the model system to better match the characteristics of natural human aging, thereby providing more reliable scientific evidence for the clinical translation of soybean anti-aging products.

Key words: soybean, active ingredients, soybean isoflavones, soybean peptides, anti-aging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory

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