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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2011, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (18): 100-103.

所属专题： 棉花

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

优质棉‘沧198’多茎株型栽培技术研究

刘贞贞 李洪芹 张忠波 孙玉英 柴卫东 刘永平   

  • 收稿日期:2011-02-25 修回日期:2011-05-10 出版日期:2011-07-25 发布日期:2011-07-25
  • 基金资助:

    公益性行业（农业）科研专项;农业科技成果转化资金项目

Study on Culture Technique of More-stalk Cotton ‘Cang198’

  • Received:2011-02-25 Revised:2011-05-10 Online:2011-07-25 Published:2011-07-25

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摘要：

为确定优质棉‘沧198’的高产简化配套技术，进一步明确多茎栽培对不同肥力、不同气候年型的适应性，2007—2009年，采用随机区组设计方法，以常规株型为对照，连续3年研究‘沧198’多茎株型的增产效果；分析纤维品质、成铃空间分布特点及劳动效率和经济效益。结果表明：‘沧198’多茎株型在干旱或阴雨不同气候年型，均表现出显著增产效果，增产幅度12.5%~22.1%；多茎株型成铃质量空间分布，下部1~4果枝结铃单铃重平均4.47 g，略低于常规株型4.70 g；上部13~14果枝成铃质量显著优于常规株型，单铃重提高14.5%，子指增加7.5%，衣分高6.6%；叶枝结铃平均单铃重为5.2 g，不仅高于主茎1~4果枝的结铃单铃重（4.47 g），也高于常规株型1~4果枝结铃的单铃重（4.70 g），纤维品质与常规株型无明显差异。多茎株型与常规株型相比，节省整枝用工62.5%，劳动用工投资减少18.0%，劳动效率提高1.37倍，经济效益提高39.6%。‘沧198’多茎株型主茎和叶枝协调发育，叶枝早摘心，解决叶枝铃小、吐絮晚、质量差的技术难题，不同气候年型、不同肥力条件均表现显著的增产效果，实现了高产优质、简化、高效目标。

关键词: 小麦, 小麦, 相关分析, 通径分析, 产量, 育种, 长江中下游

Abstract:

To determine the high quality cotton ‘Cang198’ simplified supporting technology to further clarify the multi-stem cultivation of different soil fertility, adaptability to different climatic year types, 2007-2009, using randomized block design, with conventional plant type as a control, 3 consecutive years of ‘Cang 198’ effect of increasing yield more stems; analysis of fiber quality, boll characteristics and spatial distribution of labor efficiency and economic benefits. The results showed that: ‘Cang198’ more stems in the dry or rainy weather in different types, have shown a significant increase yield, yield increased 12.5% to 22.1%, more stems boll mass distribution, the lower fruiting branches 1 to 4 boll boll weight average 4.47 g, slightly lower than the conventional plant type 4.70 g; the upper 13 to 14 fruiting branch boll quality was significantly better than conventional plant type, boll weight by 14.5%, 7.5% increase in seed index, lint percentage high of 6.6%; urophylla average boll boll weight 5.2 g, higher than the main stem not only from 1 to 4 fruiting branches of the boll boll weight (4.47 g), also higher than normal plant type 1 to 4 fruiting branches single bolls and boll weight ( 4.70 g), fiber quality and no significant difference between conventional plant type. More stems, compared with the conventional plant type, save pruning labor 62.5%, 18.0% decrease in investment in labor and employment, labor efficiency 1.37 times, economic efficiency 39.6%. ‘Cang198’ plant types stems and leafy shoots co-ordination and development of main stem, leafy shoots early topping address leafy shoots a small bell, boll opening night, poor quality of technical problems, different climatic year types, different soil fertility conditions showed a significant increase yield and achieve the high yield and quality, simplicity, efficiency goals.