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中国农学通报 ›› 2011, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (21): 49-52.

所属专题: 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥运筹对小麦群体变化、穗粒数分布及产量的影响

张德奇 季书勤 王汉芳 李向东 吕凤荣 郭瑞 程红建   

  • 收稿日期:2011-03-30 修回日期:2011-06-16 出版日期:2011-08-25 发布日期:2011-08-25
  • 基金资助:

    “十一五”国家科技支撑计划“粮丰工程河南课题”;“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目

Effects of Nitrogen Strategies on the Population Changes, Distribution of Grains Per Spike and Yield in Winter Wheat

  • Received:2011-03-30 Revised:2011-06-16 Online:2011-08-25 Published:2011-08-25

摘要:

为小麦持续增产提供重要技术途径,对氮肥不同施用量和不同底追比例进行研究,选用‘周麦18’作为试验材料,研究了氮肥运筹技术对小麦群体动态变化、穗粒数分布及产量的影响。结果表明:“前轻中重后补充”的氮肥运筹技术降低了小麦生育期的最高群体,小麦分蘖成穗率较传统施肥处理提高了3.1个百分点,同时增加了穗粒重、提高了千粒重,单穗重显著提高了0.2 g;在每公顷施纯氮240 kg和180 kg条件下,运用“前轻中重后补充”氮肥运筹技术较传统施肥处理(全底)增产694.5 kg/hm2、486.0 kg/hm2,增幅分别为10.1%和7.2%。结果说明“前轻中重后补充”的氮肥应用策略是一项高产高效的氮肥运筹技术。

关键词: 萝卜, 萝卜

Abstract:

In order to provide the increasing production for winter wheat, we study the nitrogen strategies and nitrogen needs of wheat growth to be consistent with the best match. Select ‘Zhoumai18’ as material, the effects of nitrogen strategies were studied by the population changes, grain number and yield of wheat. The results showed that the nitrogen strategies technique of increasing topdressing and later supplementing by controlling basal can reduce the peak changes in the growth population, effectively improve spike rate and promote full grain and big spike. In the 240 kg/hm2 and 180 kg/hm2 of nitrogen conditions, the yield of the nitrogen application technique of increasing topdressing and later supplementing by controlling basal increased by 694.5 kg/hm2 and 486.0 kg/hm2 compared with conventional nitrogen model. From the sustainable use of resources and nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency, the nitrogen application technique of increasing topdressing and later supplementing by controlling basal will be nitrogen strategies technique with high yield and efficiency.

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