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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (13): 249-257.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110125

所属专题： 农业气象

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

1961—2013年河南省气温要素时空变化特征

赵国永,韩艳,郭雪莲,闫军辉,向梅,江蕾蕾   

  1. 信阳师范学院 城市与环境科学学院,信阳师范学院 城市与环境科学学院,兰州大学 地质科学与矿产资源学院 甘肃省西部矿产资源重点实验室,信阳师范学院 城市与环境科学学院,信阳师范学院 城市与环境科学学院,信阳师范学院 城市与环境科学学院
  • 收稿日期:2014-11-20 修回日期:2015-04-09 接受日期:2015-02-10 出版日期:2015-06-02 发布日期:2015-06-02
  • 通讯作者: 赵国永
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(41202129、 41402149)； 信阳师范学院博士科研启动基金(0201306)； 校青年基金(2013-QN-071)。

Temporal-spatial variation characteristic of temperature in Henan province during 1961-2013

Zhao Guoyong,Han Yan,Guo Xuelian,Yan Junhui,Xiang Mei and Jiang Leilei   

  1. College of Urban and Environmental Science,Xinyang Normal University,College of Urban and Environmental Science,Xinyang Normal University,,College of Urban and Environmental Science,Xinyang Normal University,College of Urban and Environmental Science,Xinyang Normal University,College of Urban and Environmental Science,Xinyang Normal University
  • Received:2014-11-20 Revised:2015-04-09 Accepted:2015-02-10 Online:2015-06-02 Published:2015-06-02

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摘要： 河南省是中国的农业大省和重要的商品粮生产基地，农业生产抵御自然灾害能力较低，需要加强对河南气象要素研究，认识气象要素的变化规律，提高预测的准确性，减少灾害带来的损失。本研究以1961—2013年河南省17个观测站月均温为研究对象，运用Mann-Kendall检验、R/S分析法和空间插值等方法，从时间和空间2个方面分析气温要素的变化特征。结果表明：（1）近53年，年、春季、秋季、冬季和1月均温具有显著升高趋势，夏季和7月均温具有不显著降低趋势；（2）年、春季和秋季均温增温突变发生在20世纪90年代，冬季均温增温突变发生在1984年；21世纪初期以来，年、春季、秋季和冬季均温具有显著升高趋势；（3）通过R/S分析，未来河南省暖化的趋势将持续；（4）年和四季均温空间分布反映了地理学上2个重要的地带性分布规律；海拔较低的区域（东部、北部和南部）升温速率较高，海拔较高的区域（西部山区）升温速率较低；郑州、开封、新乡等地年和四季均温增温速率均是最大值，说明气温升高与人类活动有关；（5）近53年，不同时期的1月0℃等温线均位于淮河北侧，且具有较大的变幅，不能反映实际情况，今后运用1月0℃等温线作为中国南北分界线时需谨慎。

关键词: 烟草, 烟草, 种质资源, 生育期, 形态特征, 主要性状

Abstract: Henan Province is one of the big agricultural provinces and commodity grain production bases in China. At the same time, its capacity of farming activity to resist natural calamities is low. In order to understand the rule of climate changes, increase the accuracy of forecast and reduce the damage, intensive study on temperature variation in Henan Province is needed. The monthly average temperature of 17 observation stations in Henan Province during 1961-2013 were selected as study objects in this paper, the author conducted the research by analyzing the temperature variation characteristics from spatial and temporal aspects, using Mann-Kendall test, R/S analysis, and inverse distance weighted methods. The results showed that: (1) the average temperature of year, spring, autumn, winter and January presented an increasing trend during the past 53 years, and the average temperature of summer and July decreased; (2) the average temperature of year, spring and autumn abruptly rose at 1990s, and the winter abrupt change occurred in 1984; the average temperature of year, spring, autumn and winter indicated a remarkably increasing trend during 2000- 2013; (3) warming trend in Henan Province would go on in the future through R/S analysis; (4) the distribution of annual and seasonal average temperature implied that there were two important zonality rules in geography, the rate of temperature was lower in the high altitude, and the rate was higher in the low altitude; the rates of annual and seasonal average temperature were all the highest in Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and Xinxiang Area, which meant that the temperature rising was relate to the humans activity; (5) in the past 53 years, the 0℃ isotherm of January was with large amplitude and located in the north of the Huaihe River, it could not reflect the actual conditions. So it should be cautious when using the 0℃ isotherm of January as the boundary of southern and northern in the future.