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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (15): 87-91.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0449

所属专题: 资源与环境 马铃薯

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施肥处理对马铃薯农田土壤理化性状及产量的影响

马文军1(), 武均1,2, 宋雪峰3, 王月胜3, 蔡立群1,2()   

  1. 1甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州 730070
    2甘肃农业大学甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州 730070
    3元泰丰(包头)生物科技有限公司,内蒙古包头 014000
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-10 修回日期:2020-11-20 出版日期:2021-05-25 发布日期:2021-05-18
  • 通讯作者: 蔡立群
  • 作者简介:马文军,男,1995年出生,甘肃渭源人,研究生,研究方向:资源利用与植物保护。通信地址:730030 甘肃省兰州市安宁区营门村1号 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,E-mail: 2022781744@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    校企合作项目“新型有机肥对甘肃省典型农作物的影响”(XZ20190917);国家自然基金“长期保护性耕作下豆-麦轮作体系黄绵土团聚体稳定性差异机制研究”(41661049)

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Yield of Potato

Ma Wenjun1(), Wu Jun1,2, Song Xuefeng3, Wang Yuesheng3, Cai Liqun1,2()   

  1. 1College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
    2Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
    3Yuantaifen (Baotou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Baotou Inner Mongolia 014000
  • Received:2020-09-10 Revised:2020-11-20 Online:2021-05-25 Published:2021-05-18
  • Contact: Cai Liqun

摘要:

为了探究不同施肥处理对马铃薯农田土壤理化性状及产量的影响,试验地采用马铃薯连作模式,设置3个施肥处理,即:单施化肥(T)、有机肥配施化肥(YTF 1/2)、全量有机肥(YTF)。结果表明:在不同施肥处理下马铃薯农田土壤的理化性质和马铃薯产量发生了变化,其中变化最为明显的土壤指标有土壤容重、孔隙度、饱和导水率、有效磷。YTF处理较T处理可分别显著(P<0.05)降低土壤容重16.8%,增加土壤孔隙度12.7%,提升饱和导水率25.3%。YTF处理可显著提升土壤有效磷含量43.0%,但各处理间土壤pH、有机碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效钾之间差异并未达到显著水平。同时,较之T处理,YTF处理亦可显著提升土壤团聚体含量。YTF和YTF 1/2处理可分别较T处理提升马铃薯产量24.6%和12.8%。因此,施用有机肥不仅可以改善土壤结构,改良土壤物理性状,亦能促产增收。

关键词: 化肥, 有机肥, 土壤物理性状, 土壤养分, 产量

Abstract:

To explore the influence of organic fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties of potato soil, the experiment adopted the potato continuous planting mode and set 3 fertilization treatments, namely: single fertilizer application (T), organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer (YTF 1/2) and full amount of organic fertilizer (YTF). The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of potato field soil and potato yield changed under different fertilization treatments, among which the most obvious changes were found in soil indexes of soil bulk density, porosity, saturated water conductivity and available phosphorus. Compared with T treatment, YTF treatment could significantly reduce soil bulk density by 16.8% (P<0.05) and increase soil porosity by 12.7% and the saturated conductivity by 25.3%, and YTF treatment could significantly increase soil available phosphorus content by 43.0%. However, the differences of soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium among all the treatments were not significant. Meanwhile, compared to T treatment, YTF treatment could also significantly increase the content of soil aggregates. YTF and YTF 1/2 treatment could increase potato yield by 24.6% and 12.8%, respectively, compared with T treatment. Therefore, applying organic fertilizer could not only improve soil structure and soil physical properties, but also increase yield and income.

Key words: chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, soil physical properties, soil nutrients, yield

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