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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (34): 112-120.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0785

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

苦荞提取物的化感作用及化学成分分析

马光宗1(), 杨云海1, 徐高峰2, 杨韶松2, 张付斗2, 申时才2(), 叶敏1()   

  1. 1云南农业大学/云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,昆明 650201
    2云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所/云南省农业跨境有害生物绿色防控重点实验室,昆明 650205
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-13 修回日期:2021-09-15 出版日期:2021-12-05 发布日期:2022-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 申时才,叶敏
  • 作者简介:马光宗,男,1996年出生,云南保山人,在读硕士,研究方向:天然产物农药。通信地址:650201 云南省昆明市盘龙区沣源路452号 云南农业大学,E-mail: 1178298161@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    云南省高层次人才培养“万人计划青年拔尖人才专项”(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-201);云南省科技人才引进与培养“中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才”(2018HB054);云南省创新团队“农业跨境有害生物协同绿色防控”(202005AE16003);云南省重点研发“中国-南亚东南亚植物保护创新联合实验室”(2019IB007)

Allelopathy Potential and Allelochemicals Identification of Fagopyrum tataricum

Ma Guangzong1(), Yang Yunhai1, Xu Gaofeng2, Yang Shaosong2, Zhang Fudou2, Shen Shicai2(), Ye Min1()   

  1. 1State Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan/ Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    2Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province/ Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
  • Received:2021-08-13 Revised:2021-09-15 Online:2021-12-05 Published:2022-01-06
  • Contact: Shen Shicai,Ye Min

摘要:

为探究苦荞水提液的化感作用及其相关的化学成分,以2种农田恶性杂草马唐和三叶鬼针草为供试植物,测定苦荞水提液的不同有机相萃取物的化感作用,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对苦荞水提液的石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相的萃取物进行化学成分分析。结果表明,苦荞水提液的石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇相萃取物均对马唐和三叶鬼针草的种子萌发和幼苗生长具有一定的抑制作用,其中乙酸乙酯相的化感抑制率最强,当浓度为2.00 mg/mL时,供试植物的化感响应指数为-1.00,抑制率达到100.0%,其次是石油醚相,正丁醇相的抑制率最差。总体上,3种不同萃取物对马唐的抑制作用大于三叶鬼针草,对根长抑制率大于茎长。苦荞水提液石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相中含量大于0.5%的化学成分有41种,其中石油醚相的主要成分为4-乙基苯酚,含量占26.8%,乙酸乙酯相的主要成分为四氢薰衣草醇,含量占20.7%。本研究初步证实,苦荞对农田杂草具有一定的化感作用,含有活性的化学成分,其化学成分的活性特征及作用机制有待进一步研究。

关键词: 苦荞, 提取物, 化感作用, 抑制率, 化感响应指数

Abstract:

To explore the allelopathy of aqueous extracts from tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) and its related chemical components, the allelopathic effects of different organic phase extracts from tartary buckwheat plant aqueous extract on seed germination and seedling growth of two noxious farming weeds (Digitaria sanguinalis and Bidens pilosa) were examined by bioassay, and the chemical components of petroleum ether phase and ethyl acetate phase extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that three organic phase extracts (petroleum ether phase, ethyl acetate phase and N-butanol phase) of tartary buckwheat had certain inhibitory effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of D. sanguinalis and B. pilosa. The ethyl acetate phase had the strongest inhibition that the allelopathic response index of two weeds was -1.00 (the suppression rate was 100.0%) at a concentration of 2.00 mg/mL, followed by petroleum ether phase, and the least inhibited was N-butanol phase. Overall, the inhibitory effects of the three organic phase extracts on D. sanguinalis were greater than those on B. pilosa, and the suppressed rate of root length was greater than that of stem length. A total of 41 chemical components with a content higher than 0.5% were identified in petroleum ether phase and ethyl acetate phase extracts of tartary buckwheat, of which, the main component in petroleum ether phase was 4-ethylphenol (accounting for 26.8% of the total content), and the main component in ethyl acetate phase was 2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1-hexanol (accounting for 20.7% of total content). Our results initially confirm that tartary buckwheat has certain allelopathic effect on farmland weeds and contains some chemical components with bioactivity, but the bioactivity characteristics and mechanism of these chemical components need to be further studied.

Key words: Fagopyrum tataricum, extracts, allelopathic effect, suppression rate, allelopathic response index

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