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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (15): 98-104.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0594

所属专题: 生物技术 土壤重金属污染 园艺

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

炭基及硅酸盐类钝化剂对辣椒地土壤中度Cd污染效应研究

文雄1(), 范成五2, 韩茂德3, 邵代兴4, 秦松2, 柴冠群2()   

  1. 1贵州大学农学院,贵阳 550025
    2贵州省农业科学院,贵阳 550006
    3播州区农业农村局,贵州遵义 563100
    4遵义市农村发展服务中心,贵州遵义 563006
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-08 修回日期:2021-09-03 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-06-07
  • 通讯作者: 柴冠群
  • 作者简介:文雄,男,1997年出生,贵州铜仁人,在读硕士,研究方向:土壤学。通信地址:550025贵州省贵阳市花溪区贵州大学农学院,E-mail: 1301851029@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    黔科合支撑“遵义辣椒产地重金属调查及安全生产关键技术研究与示范”([2018]2338);As等)污染农田土壤固化修复技术研究与集成示范”(CR合字[2014]12号);镉污染耕地辣椒安全生产综合调控技术研发(TFS—JY—001)

Effect of Carbon-based and Silicate Passivators on Cd Reduction in Moderately Cd Contaminated Chili Soil

WEN Xiong1(), FAN Chengwu2, HAN Maode3, SHAO Daixing4, QIN Song2, CHAI Guanqun2()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025
    2Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006
    3Bozhou District Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zunyi, Guizhou 563100
    4Zunyi Rural Development Service Center, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006
  • Received:2021-06-08 Revised:2021-09-03 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-06-07
  • Contact: CHAI Guanqun

摘要:

本研究旨在为黔中地区辣椒的安全生产提供理论指导以及筛选在中度镉污染地区钝化效果良好的钝化剂。选取2种炭基钝化剂(椰壳生物炭、活性炭)和2种硅酸盐类钝化剂(硅钙肥、海泡石)开展田间小区试验。试验设计选择单施钝化剂以及炭基钝化剂与硅酸盐类钝化剂混合配施,施用总量均为3000 kg/hm2。结果表明:单施硅钙肥处理下对提高土壤pH效果最显著,使土壤pH与CK相比提高了2.36个单位;混施处理下对提高土壤pH效果最显著的处理是:活+海,使土壤pH提高了2.07个单位。单施硅钙肥对降低土壤中DTPA-Cd的含量效果最好,其降低率为36.5%;混施处理下对降低土壤中DTPA-Cd的含量效果最好的处理是:椰+硅,降低率为28.5%。单施海泡石能够显著降低土壤Cd在辣椒果实中的富集系数,使辣椒果实中Cd的含量显著降低,降低率为47.4%,最大限度降低辣椒可食用部分中的安全风险。初步建议在中度Cd污染地区施用炭基钝化剂与硅酸盐类钝化剂时单独施用或者错开时间施用,不仅能有效降低土壤及作物中Cd的污染风险,还能最大限度改良土壤和提高钝化剂的钝化效率。

关键词: 炭基钝化剂, 硅酸盐类钝化剂, 镉, 辣椒, 钝化, 安全风险

Abstract:

This study aims to provide theoretical guidance for the safe production of chili in central Guizhou and screen out passivators with better effect in areas with moderate cadmium pollution. Two kinds of carbon-based passivators (coconut-shell biochar and activated carbon) and two kinds of silicate passivators (silica-calcium fertilizer and sepiolite) were selected to carry out field plot experiments. In the experimental design, passivators were added alone or carbon-based passivators were mixed with silicate passivators, and the total amount of application was 3000 kg/hm2. The results showed that the single application of silicon-calcium had the most significant effect on increasing soil pH, which was increased by 2.36 units compared with that of CK. Under the treatments of mixed application of passivators, the most significant treatment for increasing soil pH was activated carbon + sepiolite, which increased soil pH by 2.07 units. The application of silicon-calcium alone had the best effect on reducing the content of DTPA-Cd in soil, and the reduction rate was 36.5%. Coconut-shell biochar + silicon-calcium had the best effect on reducing the content of DTPA-Cd in the soil among the mixed application of passivators, and the reduction rate was 28.5%. Sepiolite alone could significantly reduce the enrichment coefficient of Cd in chili, and the content of Cd in chili was significantly reduced by 47.4%, which could minimize the safety risk in edible parts of chili. It is suggested that carbon-based passivators and silicate passivators should be applied separately or at different time in areas with moderate Cd contamination, which could not only effectively reduce the contamination risk of Cd in soil and crops, but also maximize soil improvement and enhance the passivation efficiency of passivators.

Key words: carbon-based passivator, silicate passivator, cadmium, chili, passivation, safety risk

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