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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (29): 16-21.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0411

所属专题: 生物技术 农业工程 油料作物

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

机械化条件下“豆玉”不同行距配置和减肥对作物产量及大豆光合特性的影响

朱喜霞1(), 郑玉珍2, 王海红1, 黄保2, 平西栓3, 刘天学4, 赵霞2(), 李毓珍5()   

  1. 1河南省安阳市殷都区农业农村局,河南安阳 455000
    2河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/河南省玉米绿色精准生产国际联合实验室,郑州 450002
    3河南省农业技术推广总站,郑州 450002
    4河南农业大学,郑州 450002
    5许昌市种子管理站,河南许昌 461001
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-19 修回日期:2022-07-30 出版日期:2022-10-15 发布日期:2022-10-14
  • 通讯作者: 赵霞,李毓珍
  • 作者简介:朱喜霞,女,1975年出生,副高级农艺师,本科,研究方向:农业推广应用。通信地址:455000 河南省安阳市殷都区农业农村局,Tel:0372-5139821,E-mail: wanghh2006@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    上合现代农业发展研究院项目“吉尔吉斯共和国玉米精播滴灌丰产栽培技术集成示范与标准化研究”(SCO21B003);河南省农业科学院基础性科研项目“玉米营养表型鉴定与评价利用”(2022JC09)

Different Row Spacing and Reducing Nitrogen Application in Soybean-Maize Intercropping Under Mechanization: Effects on Crop Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Soybean

ZHU Xixia1(), ZHENG Yuzhen2, WANG Haihong1, HUANG Bao2, PING Xishuan3, LIU Tianxue4, ZHAO Xia2(), LI Yuzhen5()   

  1. 1Yindu District Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Anyang City, Anyang, Henan 455000
    2Cereal Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan International Joint Laboratory on Maize Precision Production, Zhengzhou 450002
    3Henan Agriculture Technology Extension Station, Zhengzhou 450002
    4College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
    5Xuchang Seed Management Station, Xuchang, Henan 461001
  • Received:2022-05-19 Revised:2022-07-30 Online:2022-10-15 Published:2022-10-14
  • Contact: ZHAO Xia,LI Yuzhen

摘要:

研究大田机械化条件下不同玉米-大豆间作模式下的群体产量及大豆的光合特性,为筛选适合河南省玉米-大豆的行距配置和减肥施用提供理论基础。设置行比和减肥2个因素,玉米单作、大豆单作为对照,其中行比设置玉米大豆行比2:4间作(2/4J)、玉米大豆行比4:4间作(4/4J)2个处理,减肥处理在上面行比处理上减量20%(2/4N、4/4N),研究了不同行距配置及减肥条件下的作物产量及大豆LAI、干质量、SPAD值及叶片光合速率的影响。2年试验结果表明,玉米处理2/4J、4/4J、2/4N、4/4N比单作减产,LAI、干物质、SPAD值和叶片光合速率均显著低于单作,但减氮前后比较,除LAI指标外,干质量、叶片光合速率(Pn)和SPAD值没有显著差异。建议河南玉米-大豆间作模式行距配置和施肥管理中,玉米大豆间作行比2:4(2/4J)减氮20%处理2/4N更增加光合产物积累,从而提高大豆产量,提高间作效益。

关键词: 玉米-大豆间作, 行距配置, 减氮施肥, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

The population yield and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean under different maize-soybean intercropping modes of field mechanization were studied, to provide a theoretical basis for selecting suitable row spacing configuration and reducing nitrogen application for maize-soybean intercropping in Henan Province. The row ratio and fertilizer reduction were set as two factors, and maize monoculture and soybean monoculture were used as control. Two row ratios were set as 2:4 intercropping of maize and soybean (2/4J) and 4:4 intercropping of maize and soybean (4/4J). The treatment of reducing nitrogen application reduced the nitrogen rate of the above row ratios by 20 % (2/4N, 4/4N). The effects of row spacing and nitrogen fertilizer reduction on crop yield, soybean LAI, dry matter weight, SPAD value and leaf photosynthetic rate were studied. The results of the two years’ experiment showed that the yield of 2/4J, 4/4J, 2/4N and 4/4N treatments were lower than those of monoculture, and LAI, dry matter weight, SPAD value and leaf photosynthetic rate were significantly lower than those of monoculture. However, compared nitrogen reduction with no nitrogen reduction, except LAI, there was no significant difference of dry matter weight, leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) and SPAD value. In summary, in row spacing configuration and fertilization of maize-soybean intercropping mode in Henan Province, 2/4N treatment of maize-soybean intercropping with row ratio of 2:4 and nitrogen reduction of 20% can increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products, so as to improve soybean yield and intercropping efficiency.

Key words: maize-soybean intercropping, row spacing, reducing nitrogen application, photosynthetic characteristics, yield

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