中华绒螯蟹养殖环境汞的残留特征与风险评估

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1046

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (32): 128-132.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1046

所属专题：生物技术；水产渔业

中华绒螯蟹养殖环境汞的残留特征与风险评估

王新池¹(), 曹国庆¹, 殷玉婷¹, 汪倩²^,³^,⁴, 宋超¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 陈家长¹^,²^,³^,⁴

¹南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,江苏无锡 214081
²中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心,江苏无锡 214081
³农业农村部水产品质量安全环境因子风险评估实验室（无锡）,江苏无锡 214081
⁴农业农村部水产品质量安全控制重点实验室,北京 100141

收稿日期:2021-11-04 修回日期:2022-05-18 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2022-11-09
通讯作者: 宋超
作者简介:王新池,女,1996年出生,辽宁葫芦岛人,在读硕士,研究方向：渔业生态环境与水产品质量安全,E-mail： 1072851194@qq.com。
基金资助:
农业农村部水产品质量安全控制重点实验室开放课题“饵料喂食差异引起鲈鱼潜在神经发育效应的风险与收益评估”(2021002);中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心基本科研业务费资助课题“饵料代替政策对鲈鱼质量安全风险的影响评估”(2021JBFM18)

Residue Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Mercury in Chinese Mitten Crab Culture Environment

WANG Xinchi¹(), CAO Guoqing¹, YIN Yuting¹, WANG Qian²^,³^,⁴, SONG Chao¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), CHEN Jiazhang¹^,²^,³^,⁴

¹Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081
²Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081
³Laboratory of Aquatic Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081
⁴Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100141

Received:2021-11-04 Revised:2022-05-18 Online:2022-11-15 Published:2022-11-09
Contact: SONG Chao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了深入了解我国中华绒螯蟹池塘养殖环境中汞的残留特征以及风险评估,在江苏无锡采集7个中华绒鳌蟹养殖池塘水体和底泥样本共14份。利用液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LC-ICP-MS)分析不同形态汞的残留水平,利用单因子法评估汞残留的风险。结果显示,水体中汞值范围为ND（未检出）~18.20 μg/L,主要以无机汞(Hg²⁺)为主,其他形式还包括甲基汞(MeHg)和乙基汞(EtHg);底泥环境中汞值范围为0.01~0.022 μg/g,其中无机汞含量减少,甲基汞含量增多。与NYT 5361—2016《无公害农产品淡水养殖产地环境条件》比较发现,水体汞含量有5个超标,超标率为71.43%;底泥环境中汞含量有1个超标,超标率为14.29%。进一步研究水体无机汞残留对中华绒鳌蟹的生态风险,表明风险商范围为0~0.05,远低于1。说明水体汞残留并没有对中华绒鳌蟹的安全生长产生影响。养殖水体重金属汞的检测对中华绒螯蟹的健康生长,对食品安全具有重要意义。

关键词: 中华绒螯蟹, 汞, 残留特征, 风险评估

Abstract:

To gain an in-depth understanding of the residue characteristics and risk assessment of mercury in the pond culture environment of Eriocheir sinensis, a total of 14 samples of water bodies and sediment from 7 Eriocheir sinensis aquaculture ponds were collected in Wuxi of Jiangsu. The residue levels of mercury in different forms were analyzed by liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS), and the risk of mercury residues was assessed by the single-factor method. The results showed that the mercury content in water bodies ranged from ND (not detected) to 18.20 μg/L, mainly inorganic mercury (Hg²⁺), and other forms included methylmercury (MeHg) and ethylmercury (EtHg). The mercury content in sediment environment ranged from 0.01 to 0.022 μg/g, in which the content of inorganic mercury decreased and the content of methyl mercury increased. Compared with NYT 5361-2016 Environmental Conditions of Pollution-Free Agricultural Products - Freshwater Aquaculture Origin, it was found that the mercury content in the water body exceeded the standard in 5 samples, and the exceeding rate was 71.43%; the mercury content in the sediment environment exceeded the standard in 1 sample, and the exceeding rate was 14.29%. Further research on the ecological risk of water inorganic mercury residues to Eriocheir sinensis showed that the risk quotient ranged from 0 to 0.05, far below 1, indicating that the mercury residues in the water body did not affect the safe growth of Eriocheir sinensis. The detection of heavy metal mercury in aquaculture water is of great significance to the healthy growth of Eriocheir sinensis and food safety.

Key words: Eriocheir sinensis, mercury, residue characteristics, risk assessment

中图分类号:

S949

王新池, 曹国庆, 殷玉婷, 汪倩, 宋超, 陈家长. 中华绒螯蟹养殖环境汞的残留特征与风险评估[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(32): 128-132.

WANG Xinchi, CAO Guoqing, YIN Yuting, WANG Qian, SONG Chao, CHEN Jiazhang. Residue Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Mercury in Chinese Mitten Crab Culture Environment[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(32): 128-132.

图/表 4

图1. 无锡周边水样中汞残留情况

图2. 无锡周土样中汞残留情况

图3. 单因子污染指数

图4. 水环境中汞的迁移转化

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中华绒螯蟹养殖环境汞的残留特征与风险评估

Residue Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Mercury in Chinese Mitten Crab Culture Environment

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