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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (28): 83-91.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0782

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

英山茗茶生长发育及产量要素的气象影响分析

鞠英芹1(), 陈城2(), 程定芳3, 张翼3, 李程3, 胡海英4   

  1. 1 中国气象局气象干部培训学院湖北分院，武汉 430074
    2 湖北省气象学会，武汉 430074
    3 黄冈市气象局，湖北黄冈 438000
    4 黄冈市英山县气象局，湖北黄冈 438000
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-13 修回日期:2023-03-20 出版日期:2023-10-05 发布日期:2023-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 陈城，男，1989年出生，湖北大冶人，高级工程师，硕士研究生，研究方向：气象观测、气象服务。通信地址：430074 湖北省武汉市洪山区东湖东路3号 湖北省气象局，Tel：027-67847899，E-mail：252636271@qq.com
  • 作者简介:

    鞠英芹，女，1985年出生，山东威海人，高级工程师，硕士研究生，研究方向：应用气象学。通信地址：430074 湖北省武汉市洪山区东湖东路3号 湖北省气象局，Tel：027-67848357，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    湖北省气象局科技基金项目“英山茗茶生长发育最佳气象条件及气象灾害防御对策研究”(2021Y17); 中国气象局气象干部培训学院科研项目“基于作物模型的茶叶开采期及产量预报关键技术研究”(2023CMATCZDIAN14)

Effect of Meteorological Factors on Growth and Yield of Yingshan Tea

JU Yingqin1(), CHEN Cheng2(), CHENG Dingfang3, ZHANG Yi3, LI Cheng3, HU Haiying4   

  1. 1 Hubei Branch of China Meteorological Administration Training Centre, Wuhan 430074
    2 Hubei Meteorological Society, Wuhan 430074
    3 Meteorological Bureau of Huanggang City, Huanggang, Hubei 438000
    4 Meteorological Bureau of Yingshan County, Huanggang City, Huanggang, Hubei 438000
  • Received:2022-09-13 Revised:2023-03-20 Published-:2023-10-05 Online:2023-09-25

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摘要：

利用2013—2021年英山国家气象站的气象数据，以英山茶叶为研究对象，选取长冲茶厂为观测区域，重点分析英山茗茶不同轮次茶生育期及产量因素指标变化特征，运用相关分析及显著性检验探讨不同生育期气象要素与产量的相关性。结果表明，不同轮次茶的生育期持续时间为首轮茶>三轮茶>二轮茶。芽密度、平均百芽重和理论鲜叶产量均是三轮茶>二轮茶>首轮茶，实际鲜叶产量则是二轮茶>三轮茶>首轮茶。英山不同轮次茶关键生育期的平均气温和相对湿度均为三轮茶>二轮茶>首轮茶，降水量为三轮茶>首轮茶>二轮茶，日照时数为二轮茶>首轮茶>三轮茶，雾日日数达到50%，满足茶树生长的适生条件。首轮茶的降水量、相对湿度、气温、日照时数随年际变化均呈下降趋势；二轮茶的降水量、相对湿度、日照时数随年际变化均呈下降趋势，而平均气温呈上升趋势；三轮茶的降水量和气温随年际变化均呈上升趋势，而相对湿度和日照时数均呈下降趋势。通过相关分析发现，气温是影响茶叶生长发育产量和品质的首要气象因子，其次是降水量和相对湿度，而日照则起相反作用。

关键词: 生育期, 产量要素, 气象条件, 相关性, 英山茗茶

Abstract:

Based on the meteorological data of Yingshan National Meteorological Station from 2013 to 2021, taking Yingshan tea as the research object, the Changchong Tea Factory was selected as the observation area, the change characteristics of the growth period and yield factor index in different tea rounds were analyzed. The correlation analysis and significance test were used to explore the correlation between meteorological factors and yield at different growth periods. The results showed that the duration of growth period of different rounds of tea was the first round tea> the third round tea> the second round tea. Bud density, average 100 bud weight and theoretical fresh leaf yield all were three round tea> two round tea> first round tea, while the actual fresh leaf yield was two round tea> three round tea> first round tea. The average temperature and relative humidity during the key growth period of different rounds of tea in Yingshan was the third round tea> the second round tea> the first round tea. The precipitation was the third round tea> the first round tea> the second round tea. The sunshine was the second round tea> the first round tea> the third round tea. The number of foggy days reached 50%. The above conditions were suitable for tea plant growth. The precipitation, relative humidity, temperature and sunshine hours of the first round tea decreased with the change of the year. The precipitation, relative humidity and sunshine hours of the second round tea decreased with the annual change, while the average temperature increased. However, the precipitation and temperature of the third round tea showed an upward trend with the change of the year, while the relative humidity and sunshine hours showed a downward trend. Through correlation analysis, it was found that temperature was the first important meteorological factor affecting the growth, development, yield and quality of tea, followed by precipitation and relative humidity, while sunshine played the opposite role.

Key words: growth period, yield components, meteorological condition, relevance, Yingshan tea