微生物胞外多糖在环境中的应用

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0362

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 66-74.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0362

所属专题：生物技术

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇下一篇

微生物胞外多糖在环境中的应用

杨义¹(), 赵守祺¹, 葛菁萍¹^,², 宋刚¹^,²(), 杜仁鹏¹^,²()

¹ 黑龙江大学生命科学学院，农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心，黑龙江省寒区植物基因与生物发酵重点实验室，黑龙江省普通高校微生物重点实验室，哈尔滨 150080
² 河北环境工程学院，河北省农业生态安全重点实验室，河北秦皇岛 066102

收稿日期:2023-04-23 修回日期:2023-07-15 出版日期:2024-03-25 发布日期:2024-03-22
通讯作者:
宋刚，男，1979年出生，黑龙江七台河人，教授，硕士，研究方向：微生物资源挖掘与利用。通信地址：150080 黑龙江哈尔滨南岗区学府路74号生命科学学院，Tel：0451-86609134，E-mail：sg1150cn@126.com。
杜仁鹏，男，1989年出生，黑龙江大兴安岭人，副教授，博士，研究方向：微生物次生代谢产物与生理。通信地址：150080 黑龙江哈尔滨南岗区学府路74号生命科学学院，Tel：0451-86609134，E-mail：durenpeng20096292@163.com。
作者简介:
杨义，男，1999年出生，湖南人，硕士研究生，研究方向：微生物次生代谢产物与生理。通信地址：1150080 黑龙江哈尔滨南岗区学府路74号生命科学学院，Tel：0451-86609134，E-mail：2221595@s.hlju.edu.cn。
基金资助:
黑龙江省自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目“乳酸明串株菌群体感应和第二信使介导右旋糖酐合成的信号通路研究”(YQ2021C030); 中国博士后科学基金资助项目“c-di-GMP和c-di-AMP介导乳酸明串珠菌L2胞外多糖合成的分子调控机制研究”(2022MD713755); 黑龙江省博士后资助项目“柠檬明串珠菌胞外多糖合成途径中信号网络的作用机制研究”(LBH-Z21082); ‘新时代龙江优秀硕士、博士学位论文’项目“肠膜明串珠菌DRP105右旋糖酐生物合成机制的研究”(LJYXL2022-020); 黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目“c-di-AMP调控肠膜明串珠菌DRP105胞外多糖的生物合成机理”(2022-KYYWF-1075); 河北省农业生态安全重点实验室开放基金课题项目“乳酸菌胞外多糖的分离纯化及构效关系研究”(2023SYSJJ17)

Application of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in Environment

YANG Yi¹(), ZHAO Shouqi¹, GE Jingping¹^,², SONG Gang¹^,²(), DU Renpeng¹^,²()

¹ School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University/ Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education/ Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region/ Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150080
² Hebei University of Environmental Engineering/ Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066102

Received:2023-04-23 Revised:2023-07-15 Published:2024-03-25 Online:2024-03-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微生物胞外多糖具有可再生、可生物降解、吸附性强、抗炎、抗氧化和抗病毒等重要特性，在食品、医药、化妆品和环境保护等领域具有多种用途。先前的研究主要集中在微生物胞外多糖的分离纯化及结构研究，有关微生物胞外多糖结构和功能的关系，以及胞外多糖在环境保护上的报道较少。为了阐明微生物胞外多糖构效关系，拓展其应用范围，综述了微生物胞外多糖的单糖组成、分子量、官能团、糖苷键、表面形态对其功能的影响，并归纳了微生物胞外多糖在污水处理、土壤修复、抗生素消除等环境保护领域的潜在应用。由于微生物胞外多糖产量和生物活性较低，限制其广泛的工业化应用，通过基因工程技术、结构修饰和优化发酵条件等手段有望提高微生物胞外多糖的产量，促进其在环境保护中的开发和应用。

关键词: 微生物胞外多糖, 构效关系, 生物修复, 环境保护, 应用

Abstract:

Microbial exopolysaccharides have important characteristics such as renewability, biodegradability, strong adsorption, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral properties. They have multiple applications in fields of food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and environmental protection. Previous studies mainly focused on the isolation, purification and structure of microbial exopolysaccharides, but there were few reports on the relationship between the structure and function of microbial exopolysaccharides and the role of exopolysaccharides in environmental protection. In order to elucidate the structure-function relationship of microbial exopolysaccharides and expand their applications, this article reviews the impacts of monosaccharide composition, molecular mass, functional groups, glycosidic linkages, and surface morphology on their functions. Furthermore, potential applications of microbial exopolysaccharides in wastewater treatment, soil remediation, and antibiotic elimination for environmental protection are summarized. Due to the low yield and biological activity of microbial exopolysaccharides, their extensive industrial application is limited. It is expected that the yield of microbial exopolysaccharides can be enhanced through genetic engineering techniques, structural modification, and optimization of fermentation conditions and promote their development and application in environmental protection.

Key words: microbial exopolysaccharides, structure-function, bioremediation, environment protection, application

杨义, 赵守祺, 葛菁萍, 宋刚, 杜仁鹏. 微生物胞外多糖在环境中的应用[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(9): 66-74.

YANG Yi, ZHAO Shouqi, GE Jingping, SONG Gang, DU Renpeng. Application of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in Environment[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(9): 66-74.

图/表 1

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EPS	菌株	单体	糖苷键	应用	文献
凝胶多糖	A. radiobacter	葡萄糖、蔗糖	β-(1,3)	用作食品添加剂，以改善食品的粘弹性，稳定性和奶油味，也用作胶凝剂和固定基质。	[6]
葡聚糖	明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc), 链球菌(Streptococcus), 魏斯氏菌(Weissella), 片球菌属(Pediococcus)	葡萄糖	α-(1,6)	用作化妆品中的保湿剂和增稠剂，并添加到烘焙产品和糖果中，以提高柔软度或保湿性，防止结晶，并增加食品工业中的粘度、流变性、质地和体积。此外，它还用作组织、细胞培养中的微载体。	[7]
结冷胶	少动鞘氨醇单胞菌 (Sphingomonas paucimobilis)	葡萄糖、鼠李糖	α-(1,3)、β-(1,4)	用作食品添加剂，在各种食品中用作稳定剂、增稠剂、结构化剂和通用胶凝剂。此外，它还用作乳酸菌的微胶囊基质。	[8]
果聚糖	醋酸杆菌属(Acetobacter), 芽孢杆菌(Bacillus), 乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)	果糖	β-(2, 6)、β-(2,1)	用于生产糖果，作为粘性剂和稳定剂。	[9]
普鲁兰多糖	A.pullulans	葡萄糖	α-(1,6)、α-(1,4)	用于食品和制药行业。支链淀粉和普鲁兰多糖衍生物可以作为基因或蛋白质的潜在载体，并且可以制成生理上可接受的口服薄膜。	[10]
黄原胶	野油菜黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas campestris)	葡萄糖、糖醛酸、丙酮酸	α-(1,4)、β-(1,3)	在食品工业中广泛用作增粘剂、稳定剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂。还用于采油、制药、化妆品、农业、纺织等行业。	[11]
硬葡聚糖	齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)	葡萄糖	β-(1,3)、β-(1,6)	可用于调味品和冰淇淋。它也可以用于制造化妆品，即护发素、剃须泡沫等。	[12]
酵母β-葡聚糖	酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	葡萄糖	β-(1,3)、 β-(1,6)、α-(1, 4)、β-(1, 4)	对治疗高胆固醇血症和糖尿病有积极作用。	[13]
香菇多糖	香菇(Lentinula edodes)	葡萄糖	β-(1,3)、β-(1,6)	在艾滋病患者中显示免疫刺激作用。	[14]

EPS	菌株	单体	糖苷键	应用	文献
凝胶多糖	A. radiobacter	葡萄糖、蔗糖	β-(1,3)	用作食品添加剂，以改善食品的粘弹性，稳定性和奶油味，也用作胶凝剂和固定基质。	[6]
葡聚糖	明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc), 链球菌(Streptococcus), 魏斯氏菌(Weissella), 片球菌属(Pediococcus)	葡萄糖	α-(1,6)	用作化妆品中的保湿剂和增稠剂，并添加到烘焙产品和糖果中，以提高柔软度或保湿性，防止结晶，并增加食品工业中的粘度、流变性、质地和体积。此外，它还用作组织、细胞培养中的微载体。	[7]
结冷胶	少动鞘氨醇单胞菌 (Sphingomonas paucimobilis)	葡萄糖、鼠李糖	α-(1,3)、β-(1,4)	用作食品添加剂，在各种食品中用作稳定剂、增稠剂、结构化剂和通用胶凝剂。此外，它还用作乳酸菌的微胶囊基质。	[8]
果聚糖	醋酸杆菌属(Acetobacter), 芽孢杆菌(Bacillus), 乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)	果糖	β-(2, 6)、β-(2,1)	用于生产糖果，作为粘性剂和稳定剂。	[9]
普鲁兰多糖	A.pullulans	葡萄糖	α-(1,6)、α-(1,4)	用于食品和制药行业。支链淀粉和普鲁兰多糖衍生物可以作为基因或蛋白质的潜在载体，并且可以制成生理上可接受的口服薄膜。	[10]
黄原胶	野油菜黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas campestris)	葡萄糖、糖醛酸、丙酮酸	α-(1,4)、β-(1,3)	在食品工业中广泛用作增粘剂、稳定剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂。还用于采油、制药、化妆品、农业、纺织等行业。	[11]
硬葡聚糖	齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)	葡萄糖	β-(1,3)、β-(1,6)	可用于调味品和冰淇淋。它也可以用于制造化妆品，即护发素、剃须泡沫等。	[12]
酵母β-葡聚糖	酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	葡萄糖	β-(1,3)、 β-(1,6)、α-(1, 4)、β-(1, 4)	对治疗高胆固醇血症和糖尿病有积极作用。	[13]
香菇多糖	香菇(Lentinula edodes)	葡萄糖	β-(1,3)、β-(1,6)	在艾滋病患者中显示免疫刺激作用。	[14]

微生物胞外多糖在环境中的应用

Application of Microbial Exopolysaccharides in Environment

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