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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (16): 139-143.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0430

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

‘玉华早富’苹果霉心病防治药剂效果评价

侯珲1(), 张清川2, 王丽1, 袁洪波1, 黄天祥1, 陈汉杰1(), 涂洪涛1()   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所，郑州 450009
    2 河南金山农业科技有限公司，河南三门峡 472100
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-06 修回日期:2024-01-10 出版日期:2024-06-05 发布日期:2024-05-30
  • 通讯作者:
    陈汉杰，男，1956年出生，河南洛阳人，研究员，主要从事果树有害生物综合治理工作。E-mail：。涂洪涛，男，1982年出生，河南沈丘人，研究员，博士，主要从事果树有害生物综合治理工作。E-mail：。
    陈汉杰，男，1956年出生，河南洛阳人，研究员，主要从事果树有害生物综合治理工作。E-mail：。涂洪涛，男，1982年出生，河南沈丘人，研究员，博士，主要从事果树有害生物综合治理工作。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    侯珲，女，1977年出生，河南郑州人，副研究员，博士，主要从事果树病害研究。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河南省重点研发专项“智慧果园生产管理技术体系研发与示范”(221111111800); 国家重点研发计划“中保苹果病虫害生态控制关键技术研发与集成”(2017YFE0135600); 中国农业科学院科技创新工程“果树病虫害防控”(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-RIP)

Control Effects of Several Fungicides Against Apple Moldy Core in ‘Yuhua Yataka’

HOU Hui1(), ZHANG Qingchuan2, WANG Li1, YUAN Hongbo1, HUANG Tianxiang1, CHEN Hanjie1(), TU Hongtao1()   

  1. 1 Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009
    2 Henan Jinshan Agricultural Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Sanmenxia, Henan 472100
  • Received:2023-06-06 Revised:2024-01-10 Published:2024-06-05 Online:2024-05-30

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摘要：

为寻找能有效防治苹果霉心病的高效低毒杀菌剂，为苹果霉心病的防治提供理论依据，以易感苹果霉心病的品种‘玉华早富’为试材，评价不同药剂对苹果霉心病的田间防治效果。结果表明，引起‘玉华早富’霉心病的病原以粉红聚端孢为主。经不同药剂处理后，疏果期幼果贮藏76 d，不同处理对苹果霉心病的防治效果具有显著差异，75%戊唑·肟菌酯水分散粒剂的防效(74.56%)明显优于其他处理，25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油+80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂处理的防效(64.75%)次之，10%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂作为目前生产上常用防治苹果霉心病的药剂，对‘玉华早富’的防效(54.31%)一般，3%赤霉素水剂处理效果最差，防效仅23.76%，说明开花前后喷洒赤霉素对阻止霉心病的侵染基本不起作用。对成熟果贮藏调查，贮藏30 d后，75%戊唑·肟菌酯水分散粒剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油+80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂处理的防效仍较好，分别为70.81%、69.41%，与其他3个处理的防效差异达到极显著水平，且这2个处理对粉红聚端孢的抑制效果好于对链格孢、镰刀菌的抑制效果。综上，75%戊唑·肟菌酯水分散粒剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油+80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂对苹果霉心病具有良好的防治效果，在生产上建议花序分离期和落花后交替使用防治苹果霉心病。

关键词: ‘玉华早富’, 苹果霉心病, 杀菌剂, 防治效果

Abstract:

In order to find an effective and low-toxicity fungicide against apple moldy core, the susceptible variety ‘Yuhua Yataka’ was used as test material to evaluate the field control efficiency of several fungicides on apple moldy core. The results showed that the Trichothecium roseum was the main pathogen of apple moldy core in ‘Yuhua Yataka’. The difference of control effects between treatments was statistically significant after storage for 76 days at fruit thinning stage. The control effect of 75% tebuconazole·trifloxystrobin WG against apple moldy core was the best and significantly better than that of other treatments, the control efficiency reached 74.56%. The mixture of 25% pyraclostrobin EC and 80% mancozeb WP also had better control effect, reached 64.75%. 10% polyoxin WP was commonly used in prevention of apple moldy core, but the control effect on ‘Yuhua Yataka’ variety was not good, which was 54.31%. The control effect of 3% gibberellin AS was only 23.76%, indicating that there was no effect on preventing the infection of apple moldy core by spraying gibberellin before and after flowering. Store for 30 days after harvest, the control effect of 75% tebuconazole·trifloxystrobin WG and the mixture of 25% pyraclostrobin EC and 80% mancozeb WP were still good, which were 70.81% and 69.41%, respectively. And the difference of control effects with other three treatments reached extremely significant level. In conclusion, 75% tebuconazole·trifloxystrobin WG and the mixture of 25% pyraclostrobin EC and 80% mancozeb WP had good control effect on apple moldy core, which were suggested to be used alternately at inflorescence separation stage and after falling flower to prevent apple moldy core.

Key words: ‘Yuhua Yataka’, apple moldy core, fungicide, control effect