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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (17): 1-7.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0568

所属专题： 生物技术； 水稻

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

有机替代配方肥对水稻养分吸收及产量的影响

吴腾飞1(), 邓婷2, 李泽钰2, 曾招兵2, 张木1, 李海锋2()   

  1. 1 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室，广州 510640
    2 广东省农业环境与耕地质量保护中心，广州 510500
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-31 修回日期:2023-12-04 出版日期:2024-06-15 发布日期:2024-06-11
  • 通讯作者:
    李海锋，男，1977年出生，广东佛山人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事水肥一体化方面的研究。通信地址：510635 广东省广州市先烈东路135号，Tel：020-37288843，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    吴腾飞，女，1989年出生，河南南阳人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事酸性土壤改良方面的研究。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区五山街道金颖路66号，Tel：020-85161417，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广东省农业科学院科技人才引进专项“优秀博士第三层次”(R2020YJ-YB3007); 广州市科技计划项目“过渡金属磷化物/氮化碳复合材料光催化降解氨氮的性能及机理研究”(202201010302)

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Formula Fertilizer on Nutrient Absorption and Yield of Rice

WU Tengfei1(), DENG Ting2, LI Zeyu2, ZENG Zhaobing2, ZHANG Mu1, LI Haifeng2()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Circling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640
    2 Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Quality Protection Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510500
  • Received:2023-07-31 Revised:2023-12-04 Published:2024-06-15 Online:2024-06-11

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摘要：

有机替代具有促进水稻生长及产量的潜力，探讨不同有机替代对双季稻养分吸收及产量的影响，该研究可为华南水稻产区有机替代施肥方式的推广应用提供重要的参考依据。采用田间试验，早稻和晚稻小区试验共设6个处理：不施肥、配方肥、有机替代25%、有机替代50%、有机替代75%和有机替代100%。除不施肥处理外，其他处理氮、磷、钾用量一致，用量均为N 150 kg/hm2；P2O5 45.6 kg/hm2；K2O 130.5 kg/hm2。试验小区随机排列，每个处理4次重复。于早稻分蘖期、孕穗期、抽穗期、扬花期、灌浆期和成熟期采集植株样分析养分，于灌浆期采集剑叶及籽粒样品分析养分，同时测定灌浆期剑叶SPAD值变化；早稻和晚稻收获时记录产量及产量构成要素。结果表明：配方肥和有机替代处理主要影响早稻氮素养分的吸收，其中分蘖期及孕穗期早稻地上部氮含量以配方肥显著高于有机替代处理，抽穗期后差异越来越小。早稻灌浆期间，剑叶SPAD值及氮含量随着有机替代比例增加而增加，但其籽粒氮含量增加并不明显。早稻产量以配方肥处理最高，其次为有机替代25%处理；晚稻产量则以各有机替代处理显著高于配方肥处理，主要体现在穗粒数及结实率有所提高。有机替代施肥可能导致早稻出现贪青晚熟现象，不利于水稻产量及籽粒养分吸收。晚稻种植时有机替代施肥在促进水稻产量及养分吸收方面往往效果更好。

关键词: 双季稻, 有机替代, 配方肥, 养分吸收, 产量

Abstract:

Organic substitution has the potential to enhance the growth and yield of rice. This study could provide important references for the promotion and application of organic alternative fertilization methods in rice production in South China via investigating the effects of different organic substitutions on nutrient uptake and yield of double cropping rice. Six treatments were used for early and late rice plot experiments in field trials, including no fertilization, formula fertilizer, 25% organic substitution, 50% organic substitution, 75% organic substitution and 100% organic substitution. Except for no fertilization treatment, the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium used in all other treatments was consistent with the amount of N, P2O5 and K2O being 150, 45.6 and 130.5 kg/hm2, respectively. The experimental community was randomly arranged, with 4 replicates for each treatment. Plant samples of early rice were collected for nutrient analysis during the tillering, booting, heading, flowering, filling and maturity stages, and flag leaf and grain samples were collected for nutrient analysis during the filling stage. The changes in SPAD values of flag leaves during the filling stage were measured. The yield and yield components of early and late rice were recorded during the harvest. The research results indicated that formula fertilizer and organic substitution treatment mainly exerted an influence on the uptake of nitrogen nutrients in early rice. The nitrogen content in the aboveground parts of early rice during the tillering and booting stages was significantly higher in the presence of formula fertilizer than that in the presence of organic substitution, and the difference became smaller and smaller after the heading stage. During the filling period of early rice, the SPAD value and nitrogen content of flag leaves increased with the increase of the organic substitution ratio. However, the increase of nitrogen content in grain was not significant. The yield of early rice was the highest with the treatment of formula fertilizer, followed by the 25% organic substitution treatment. The yield of late rice was significantly higher in the presence of various organic substitutions than that in the presence of formula fertilizer, which was confirmed by the increase in the number of grains per panicle and seed setting rate. Organic alternative fertilization might lead to the phenomenon of green and late maturing in early rice, which was not conducive to rice yield and the uptake of nutrients in grains. Organic substitution fertilization was more effective in enhancing rice yield and the uptake of nutrients during late rice cultivation.

Key words: double cropping rice, organic substitution, formula fertilizer, nutrient absorption, yield