蚯蚓堆肥特征及其在农业中的应用研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0344

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蚯蚓堆肥是一种简单可行、低成本且环保的生物-微生物耦合有机废弃物资源化处理技术。通过开展综述，概述了蚯蚓堆肥处理有机废弃物时的土壤结构，pH、CEC和EC值，氮、磷和钾，微量营养素，碳动态和微生物等方面的特征，介绍了蚯蚓堆肥在农业生产中的应用研究进展，蚯蚓粪可促进作物生长、增加产量，增强作物抗逆性，有效减少病原体、重金属污染和病虫害的发生，降低土壤中部分污染物质的生物有效性。研究发现蚯蚓堆肥在实际应用中存在的问题，针对中国蚯蚓堆肥“种养一体化”生态链现状提出3点发展建议：（1）为开发生产高质量商品化蚯蚓粪肥，建议利用蚯蚓堆肥产品质量相关影响因素进行蚯蚓堆肥数学建模，以高效优化蚯蚓堆肥参数，为规模化生产蚯蚓粪肥降低研发成本、提高生产效率；（2）为确保高质量蚯蚓粪肥的稳定产出，可研究开发带有智能化控制pH、碳氮比、温湿度和光照等蚯蚓养殖重要条件的设备，形成蚯蚓自动化、规模化养殖；（3）为促进“种养一体化”循环经济的发展，回收养殖蚯蚓过程中含有腐殖酸等可二次利用的有效部分，加强其在农业种植和土壤修复中的使用效率。蚯蚓堆肥是实现农业和环境可持续发展的有效途径，本文旨在为今后蚯蚓堆肥相关研究提供参考。

关键词: 蚯蚓堆肥, 有机废弃物, 理化性质, 微生物, 研究进展

Abstract:

Vermicomposting is a simple, feasible, low-cost and environmentally friendly bio-microbial coupled organic waste recycling technology. The physicochemical and microbial characteristics of vermicomposting in the treatment of organic waste were summarized. The application research progress of vermicomposting in agricultural production was introduced, and the following suggestions were proposed in view of the problems existing in the practical application of vermicomposting. (1) In order to develop and produce high quality commercial earthworm manure, it is suggested to use the relevant factors affecting the quality of earthworm compost products to carry out mathematical modeling of vermicomposting, so as to efficiently optimize the parameters of vermicomposting, reduce research and development costs and improve production efficiency for large-scale production of earthworm manure; (2) in order to ensure the stable output of high quality earthworm manure, equipment with intelligent control of pH, carbon to nitrogen ratio, temperature and humidity and light should be developed to form automatic and large-scale vermiculture; (3) in order to promote the development of the circular economy of "planting and breeding integration", the effective parts containing humic acid in the process of culturing earthworms can be reused, and the efficiency of vermicompost utilization in agricultural planting and soil remediation should be strengthened.

Key words: vermicomposting, organic waste, physicochemical characteristics, microorganism, research progress

常长越, 贾俊超, 李朝栋. 蚯蚓堆肥特征及其在农业中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(26): 58-65.

CHANG Zhangyue, JIA Junchao, LI Chaodong. Characteristics of Vermicomposting and Research Progress of Its Application in Agriculture[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(26): 58-65.

参考文献 75

[1]	温凌嵩, 宋立华, 臧一天, 等. 蚯蚓处理畜禽粪便研究进展[J]. 家畜生态学报, 2020, 41(7):5,85-89
[2]	孙振钧. 蚯蚓反应器与废弃物肥料化技术[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2004.
[3]	龚小强. 外源添加物对园林绿化废弃物蚯蚓堆肥影响研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2019.
[4]	RAO R L S M. Vermigold - a Green Solution to Reduce Food Leftovers and Green Waste[J]. Electrochemical society transactions, 2022, 107(1):10285.
[5]	BHAT A S, SINGH J, VIG P A. Instrumental characterization of organic wastes for evaluation of vermicompost maturity[J]. Journal of analytical science and technology, 2017, 8(1):1-12.
[6]	SOOBHANY N, GUNASEE S, RAGO P Y, et al. Spectroscopic, thermogravimetric and structural characterization analyses for comparing municipal solid waste composts and vermicomposts stability and maturity[J]. Bioresource technology, 2017, 236:11-19. doi: S0960-8524(17)30443-1 pmid: 28390272
[7]	KHATUA C, SENGUPTA S, BALLA K V, et al. Dynamics of organic matter decomposition during vermicomposting of banana stem waste using Eisenia fetida[J]. Waste management, 2018, 79:287-295.
[8]	MONIKA M, RENUKA G, ANOOP Y, et al. Sustainable treatment and nutrient recovery from leafy waste through vermicomposting[J]. Bioresource technology, 2021, 347:126390-126390.
[9]	王亚利. 砷胁迫下蚯蚓的应激响应及对土壤理化性质的影响研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2019.
[10]	XIAOLAN Y, XIAOLIANG L, CHANGQI R, et al. Co-composting with cow dung and subsequent vermicomposting improve compost quality of spent mushroom.[J]. Bioresource technology, 2022, 358:127386-127386.
[11]	P D K, K R H. Carbon dioxide and ammonia emissions during composting of mixed paper, yard waste and food waste.[J]. Waste management(New York, N.Y.), 2006, 26(1):62-70.
[12]	HAIMI J, HUHTA V. Capacity of various organic residues to support adequate earthworm biomass for vermicomposting[J]. Biology and fertility of soils, 1986, 2(1):23-27.
[13]	SHARMA K, GARG V. Comparative analysis of vermicompost quality produced from rice straw and paper waste employing earthworm Eisenia fetida(Sav.)[J]. Bioresource technology, 2018, 250:708-715.
[14]	YEE P K S, YEONG T W, LIN S L, et al. Sustainable reuse of rice residues as feedstocks in vermicomposting for organic fertilizer production.[J]. Environmental science and pollution research international, 2014, 21(2):1349-59. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1995-0 pmid: 23900949
[15]	BALACHANDAR R, BASKARAN L, YUVARAJ A, et al. Enriched pressmud vermicompost production with green manure plants using Eudrilus eugeniae[J]. Bioresource technology, 2020, 299:122578.
[16]	YOUNG-NAM K, BRETT R, JACQUI H, et al. Impacts of endemic earthworms (Megascolecidae) in biosolids-amended soil[J]. Journal of environmental quality, 2017, 46(1):177-184.
[17]	蔡琳琳. 园林绿化废弃物蚯蚓堆肥腐熟过程控制及氮转化机制研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学, 2021
[18]	LV B, ZHANG D, CHEN Q, et al. Effects of earthworms on nitrogen transformation and the correspond genes (amoA and nirS) in vermicomposting of sewage sludge and rice straw[J]. Bioresource technology, 2019, 287:121428.
[19]	FU X, HUANG K, CHEN X, et al. Feasibility of vermistabilization for fresh pelletized dewatered sludge with earthworms Bimastus parvus[J]. Bioresource technology, 2015, 175:646-650.
[20]	赵海涛, 狄霖, 刘平, 等. 蚯蚓生物床工程处理对牛粪性质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(9):255-259.
[21]	罗天相, 吴文成. 蚯蚓对畜禽粪便堆肥的影响综述[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2019(5):36-41.
[22]	李廷轩, 叶代桦, 张锡洲, 等. 植物对不同形态磷响应特征研究进展[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(6):1536-1546.
[23]	刘瑾, 杨建军. 近三十年农田土壤磷分子形态的研究进展[J]. 土壤学报, 2021, 58(3):558-567.
[24]	HIGGS B, JOHNSTON A E, SALTER J L, et al. Some aspects of achieving sustainable phosphorus use in agriculture[J]. Journal of environmental quality, 2000, 29(1):80-87.
[25]	方兵, 陈林, 王阳, 等. 设施农业土壤磷素累积迁移转化及影响因素[J]. 环境科学, 2023, 44(1):452-462.
[26]	SARAVANAN P, KULANDAIVEL S, MASI C, et al. Valorization of phyto-biomass with tertiary combination of animal dung for enriched vermicompost production[J]. Environmental research, 2022, 215(P3):114365-114365.
[27]	YUVARAJ A, KARMEGAM N, TRIPATHI S, et al. Environment-friendly management of textile mill wastewater sludge using epigeic earthworms: Bioaccumulation of heavy metals and metallothionein production[J]. Journal of environmental management, 2020, 254:109813.
[28]	GHOSH S, GOSWAMI J A, GHOSH K G, et al. Quantifying the relative role of phytase and phosphatase enzymes in phosphorus mineralization during vermicomposting of fibrous tea factory waste[J]. Ecological engineering, 2018, 116:97-103.
[29]	张勇勇, 杨丽娟, 赵凤艳. 牛粪及其蚓粪磷素生物化学特性分析[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2023(4):210-219.
[30]	LUKASHE S N, MUPAMBWA A H, GREEN E, et al. Inoculation of fly ash amended vermicompost with phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) and its influence on vermi-degradation, nutrient release and biological activity[J]. Waste management, 2019, 83:14-22. doi: S0956-053X(18)30656-1 pmid: 30514460
[31]	YUVARAJ A, THANGARAJ R, RAVINDRAN B, et al. Centrality of cattle solid wastes in vermicomposting technology-a cleaner resource recovery and biowaste recycling option for agricultural and environmental sustainability[J]. Environmental pollution, 2021, 268.
[32]	SWARNAM T, VELMURUGAN A, PANDEY K S, et al. Enhancing nutrient recovery and compost maturity of coconut husk by vermicomposting technology[J]. Bioresource technology, 2016, 207:76-84. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.046 pmid: 26871957
[33]	ZHI-WEI S, TAO S, WEN-JING D, et al. Investigation of rice straw and kitchen waste degradation through vermicomposting[J]. Journal of environmental management, 2019, 243:269-272.
[34]	YINGKAI L, XIAOLEI Y, WEN G, et al. Comparative study of vermicomposting of garden waste and cow dung using Eisenia fetida[J]. Environmental science and pollution research international, 2020, 27(9):9646-9657.
[35]	LIN S L, YEONG T W, NIE P L, et al. The use of vermicompost in organic farming:overview, effects on soil and economics[J]. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 2015, 95(6):1143-56.
[36]	JOSHI, RAKESH, SINGH, et al. Vermicompost as an effective organic fertilizer and biocontrol agent:effect on growth, yield and quality of plants[J]. Reviews in environmental science and bio-technology, 2015, 14(1):137-159.
[37]	MONIKA J, WERONIKA M. Valorization of quality of vermicomposts and composts using various parameters[J]. Agriculture, 2022, 12(2):293-293.
[38]	SOOBHANY N, MOHEE R, GARG K V. Recovery of nutrient from Municipal Solid Waste by composting and vermicomposting using earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae[J]. Journal of environmental chemical engineering, 2015, 3(4):2931-2942.
[39]	BORUAH T, BARMAN A, KALITA P, et al. Vermicomposting of citronella bagasse and paper mill sludge mixture employing Eisenia fetida[J]. Bioresource technology, 2019, 294:122147.
[40]	LIRIKUM J, PATRICIA K, BENDANG A, et al. Nutrient stabilization and heavy metal reduction in organic wastes using Eisenia fetida (Savigny) and Perionyx excavatus (Perrier)[J]. Environment, development and sustainability, 2023, 26(4):9165-9184.
[41]	VAN HEERDEN I, CRONJÉ C, SWART S H, et al. Microbial, chemical and physical aspects of citrus waste composting[J]. Bioresource technology, 2002, 81:71-76 pmid: 11708757
[42]	张智, 李双来, 陈云峰, 等. 蚯蚓堆肥模式的环境效益评价[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2022(8):198-204.
[43]	NIGUSSIE A, KUYPER T W, BRUUN S, et al. Vermicomposting as a technology for reducing nitrogen losses and greenhouse gas emissions from small-scale composting[J]. Journal of cleaner production, 2016, 139.
[44]	YONG Z, HUANKAI L, WENWEI G, et al. The synergistic effect between biofertility properties and biological activities in vermicomposting: A comparable study of pig manure[J]. Journal of environmental management, 2022, 324:116280-116280.
[45]	NING W, WENHUI W, YUJI J, et al. Variations in bacterial taxonomic profiles and potential functions in response to the gut transit of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) feeding on cow manure[J]. Science of the total environment, 2021, 787:147392-147392.
[46]	杨馥荣, 冉露露, 杨沐, 等. 甲氰菊酯在土壤中的降解及对蚯蚓的毒性效应研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2024, 61(3):794-801.
[47]	代金君, 张池, 周波, 等. 蚯蚓肠道对重金属污染土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2015, 20(5):95-102.
[48]	QI Z, MANRUI Z, ZEXUAN W, et al. Dynamics of bacterial community in the foregut and hindgut of earthworms with the nutrition supplied by kitchen waste during vermicomposting[J]. Bioresource technology, 2023, 374:128777-128777.
[49]	晁会珍, 孙明明, 朱国繁, 等. 蚯蚓肠道细菌生态功能及毒理学研究进展[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2020, 15(5):35-48.
[50]	POTTIPATI S, HAQ I, KALAMDHAD A S. Large-scale production of a nutrient-rich soil conditioner by optimized biodegradation of vegetable waste: Biodiversity and toxicity assessments[J]. Biomass conversion and biorefinery, 2023.
[51]	ALIKHANI A H, HEMATI A, RASHTBARI M, et al. Enriching vermicompost using p-solubilizing and n-fixing bacteria under different temperature conditions[J]. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 2016, 48(2):139-147.
[52]	ESTRADA-BONILLA G, DURRER A, CARDOSO E. Use of compost and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria affect sugarcane mineral nutrition, phosphorus availability, and the soil bacterial community[J]. Applied soil ecology, 2021, 157:103760.
[53]	牟美睿, 杨凤霞, 田雪力, 等. 蚯蚓堆肥对畜禽粪污耐药基因的影响研究进展[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2022, 39(6):1089-1098.
[54]	USMANI Z, KUMAR V, GUPTA P, et al. Enhanced soil fertility, plant growth promotion and microbial enzymatic activities of vermicomposted fly ash[J]. Scientific reports, 2019, 9(1):1-16.
[55]	DEY S C, K S H, PUSPENDU B, et al. A critical review on the vermicomposting of organic wastes as a strategy in circular bioeconomy: Mechanism, performance, and future perspectives[J]. Environmental technology, 2023, 91-91.
[56]	ANKITA S, SUBRATA H. A comprehensive review of the fate of pathogens during vermicomposting of organic wastes[J]. Journal of environmental quality, 2018, 47(1):16-29. doi: 10.2134/jeq2017.07.0265 pmid: 29415111
[57]	HUANG K, XIA H, WU Y, et al. Effects of earthworms on the fate of tetracycline and fluoroquinolone resistance genes of sewage sludge during vermicomposting[J]. Bioresource technology, 2018, 259:32-39. doi: S0960-8524(18)30359-6 pmid: 29536871
[58]	SOOBHANY N, MOHEE R, GARG V K. Inactivation of bacterial pathogenic load in compost against vermicompost of organic solid waste aiming to achieve sanitation goals: A review[J]. Waste management, 2017, 64:51-62. doi: S0956-053X(17)30113-7 pmid: 28302524
[59]	XIA H, CHEN J, CHEN X, et al. Effects of tetracycline residuals on humification, microbial profile and antibiotic resistance genes during vermicomposting of dewatered sludge[J]. Environmental pollution, 2019, 252(PB):1068-1077.
[60]	YATOO M A, ALI N M, BABA A Z, et al. Sustainable management of diseases and pests in crops by vermicompost and vermicompost tea: A review[J]. Agronomy for sustainable development, 2021, 41(1):1-26.
[61]	EDWARDS A C, ARANCON Q N, VASKO-BENNETT M, et al. Effect of aqueous extracts from vermicomposts on attacks by cucumber beetles(Acalymma vittatum)(Fabr.) on cucumbers and tobacco hornworm(Manduca sexta)(L.) on tomatoes[J]. Pedobiologia-international journal of soil biology, 2009, 53(2):141-148.
[62]	ABDELNABY A T, MOEZ A R M S, MOHAMMAD P, et al. Vermicompost and its role in alleviation of salt tress in plants - II. Impact of vermicompost on the physiological responses of salt-stressed plants[J]. Journal of plant nutrition, 2023, 46(7):1458-1478.
[63]	UR S R, ZUBAIR A, S. B A, et al. Reduction in the Allelopathic Potential of Conocarpus erectus L. through Vermicomposting[J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14(19):12840-12840.
[64]	SUN M, CHAO H, ZHENG X, et al. Ecological role of earthworm intestinal bacteria in terrestrial environments: A review[J]. Science of the total environment, 2020, 740:140008.
[65]	符芙蓉, 孙扬, 赵丽霞, 等. 蚯蚓肠道微生物与污染物的互作效应及机制[J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(4):1170-1182.
[66]	王帅, 徐广亚, 杨海波, 等. 蚯蚓堆肥与生物炭对瓜草复合系统土壤及植株的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2023, 43(8):1332-1343.
[67]	史雅静, 徐明, 王振宇, 等. 蚯蚓对菇渣中纤维素和木质素生物转化的研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2020, 40(5):1779-1785.
[68]	陈玉香, 赵婷婷, 姚月, 等. 蚯蚓黏液促进玉米秸秆分解及其机理分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(15):234-240.
[69]	邓艳芹, 吕建平, 罗璇. 蚯蚓体液对纤维素降解菌生长的影响[J]. 贵州师范学院学报, 2017, 33(12):9-12.
[70]	罗梦琴, 龚崇艳, 方婷, 等. 生物炭对牛粪-酒糟-园林废弃物联合蚯蚓堆肥进程及重金属钝化的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2024, 43(6):1400-1410.
[71]	SUCHARITA G, DIPANWITA P S, SOUMENDRANATH C. Comparative study on bacterial population dynamics of foregut, midgut, and hindgut content of Perionyx excavatus(Perrier) isolated from eco-friendly, non-hazardous vermicompost.[J]. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 2022, 194(12):6126-6139.
[72]	BISWAS K J, BANERJEE A, RAI M, et al. Potential application of selected metal resistant phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from the gut of earthworm(Metaphire posthuma) in plant growth promotion[J]. Geoderma, 2018, 330:117-124.
[73]	BANERJEE A, BISWAS K J, PANT D, et al. Enteric bacteria from the earthworm(Metaphire posthuma) promote plant growth and remediate toxic trace elements[J]. Journal of environmental management, 2019, 250:109530.
[74]	MUDZIWAPASI R, MLAMBO S S, CHIGU L N, et al. Isolation and molecular characterization of bacteria from the gut of Eisenia fetida for biodegradation of 4,4 DDT[J]. Journal of applied biology and biotechnology, 2016, 4(5):041-047.
[75]	LIEVENS B, VAES K, COOSEMANS J, et al. Systemic resistance induced in cucumber against pythium root rot by source separated household waste and yard trimmings composts[J]. Compost science and utilization, 2001, 9(3):221-229.