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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (29): 8-13.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0091

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆南疆春播玉米穗部性状及产量对不同种植密度的响应

李星星1(), 欧欢1, 陈娟1, 刘荣森1, 唐怀君2(), 谢小清2, 刘燕1, 罗单1   

  1. 1 阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心，新疆阿克苏 843000
    2 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所，乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-06 修回日期:2024-06-03 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2024-10-14
  • 通讯作者:
    唐怀君，男，1983年出生，安徽砀山人，副研究员，博士，主要从事粮食作物抗逆研究。通信地址：830091 乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区南昌路403号 新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所，Tel：0991-4504109，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李星星，女，1993年出生，河南民权人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事农作物新产品、新技术的研究与示范推广服务。通信地址：843000 阿克苏市柯柯牙北路3号 阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心，Tel：0997-2136513，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    自治区现代农业产业技术体系人才“新疆玉米产业技术体系额敏综合试验站”(XJARS-02-16); 新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目“伊犁河谷主要粮食作物节水省肥增效关键技术研发”(2022B02015-2)

Response to Different Planting Density of Ears Traits and Yield of Spring Sown Maize in Southern Xinjiang

LI Xingxing1(), OU Huan1, CHEN Juan1, LIU Rongsen1, TANG Huaijun2(), XIE Xiaoqing2, LIU Yan1, LUO Dan1   

  1. 1 Aksu Area Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Aksu, Xinjiang 843000
    2 Institute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091
  • Received:2024-02-06 Revised:2024-06-03 Published:2024-10-15 Online:2024-10-14

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摘要：

通过研究新疆南疆正播玉米穗部性状及产量对不同种植密度的响应，探索适宜南疆的玉米种植密度。以‘天玉1885’为供试材料，分别在南疆平原区和冷凉区设置6个种植密度，研究2个不同气候区域的玉米最佳种植密度。试验结果表明，平原区种植密度为9.00万株/hm2时，田间秃尖率和空杆率最低，分别为7.5%和1.9%，穗行数、千粒重和产量较其他处理高，分别为17.8行、348.7 g和15246 kg/hm2；种植密度为7.50万株/hm2和8.25万株/hm2处理下穗长、行粒数、穗粒数和单棒穗重较高，但是有效穗数较低，产量仅为13232 kg/hm2和14859 kg/hm2；种植密度为9.75万株/hm2、10.50万株/hm2和11.25万株/hm2的处理，虽田间有效穗数最高，但秃尖率、秃尖长、空杆率、单棒穗重、千粒重较低，不易获得高产，产量仅为14529 kg/hm2、13394 kg/hm2和12282 kg/hm2。冷凉区种植密度为10.50万株/hm2时，穗长、行粒数、单棒穗重、穗粒数较其他处理高，产量表现突出为17997 kg/hm2；种植密度为8.25万株/hm2、9.00万株/hm2和9.75万株/hm2的秃尖长、空杆率、有效穗数较其他处理低，虽千粒重较高，但产量不高，为13908 kg/hm2、14429 kg/hm2和15825 kg/hm2；种植密度为11.25万株/hm2和12.00万株/hm2的处理，虽有效穗数较高，但穗长、单棒穗重和千粒重较低，导致产量不突出，为16581 kg/hm2和15714 kg/hm2。研究发现，平原区玉米种植密度为9.00万株/hm2、冷凉区玉米种植密度为10.50万株/hm2时，植株可通过自身调节协调个体优势和群体结构，获得较高产量。试验结果为南疆春播玉米高产种植提供了理论支撑。

关键词: 种植密度, 玉米, 新疆南疆, 穗部性状, 产量

Abstract:

By analyzing the response of ear traits and yield of spring sown maize to different planting densities in southern Xinjiang, this study explored the planting density suitable for southern Xinjiang, providing theoretical support for high-yield spring sown corn in southern Xinjiang. 'Tianyu 1885' was used as the test material, six planting densities were set in the plain area and the cool area of southern Xinjiang, to study the optimal density of maize cultivation in 2 different climatic regions. The density in the plain area was 90000 plants/hm2, the bald tip rate and empty rod rate in the field were the lowest, at 7.5% and 1.9%, respectively. The number of panicle rows, 1000-grain weight and yield were higher than other treatments, which were 17.8 rows, 348.7 g and 15246 kg/hm2, respectively. Under the densities of 75000 plants/hm2 and 82500 plants/hm2 treatments, spike length, number of grains in row, number of grains per spike and single rod spike weight were higher, but the effective panicle number was low, the yield was only 13232 kg/hm2 and 14859 kg/hm2. In the treatments with densities of 97500 plants/hm2, 105000 plants/hm2 and 112500 plants/hm2, although the number of effective ears in the field was the highest, bald tip rate, bald tip length, empty rod rate, single rod spike weight, thousand grain weight were lower, the yields were only 14529 kg/hm2, 13394 kg/hm2 and 12282 kg/hm2. When the density of cold area was 105000 plants/hm2, spike length, grain number per spike, single rod spike weight and grain number per spike were higher than other treatments, the yield was outstanding at 17997 kg/hm2. Under the treatment of 82500 plants/hm2, 90000 plants/hm2 and 97500 plants/hm2, the bald tip length, empty stalk ratio and effective spike number were lower than other treatments, although the thousand grain weight was higher, the yields were not high at 13908 kg/hm2, 14429 kg/hm2 and 15825 kg/hm2. Under the treatments with densities of 112500 plants/hm2 and 120000 plants/hm2, although the effective number of spikes was higher, the spike length, single rod spike weight and thousand kernel weight were lower, resulting in unimpressive yields of 16581 kg/hm2 and 15714 kg/hm2. When the density of the plain area was 90000 plants /hm2 and the density of the cool area was 105000 plants/hm2, corn can give full play to the developmental potential of the individual, ensure the number of ears harvested by the group, harmonize the relationship between the group and the individual, and easily obtain higher yields.

Key words: planting density, corn, southern Xinjiang, spikelet trait, yield