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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (35): 89-98.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0117

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

施用不同畜禽粪对黑土区坡耕地土壤物理性质影响的差异性

热伊罕古丽·喀迪尔(), 周一诺, 张艺, 张梓硙, 邢如平, 马新, 许冲, 刘文利(), 吴景贵, 李建明   

  1. 吉林省土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室/吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 吉林长春 130118
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-06 修回日期:2024-10-22 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-12-12
  • 通讯作者:
    刘文利，男，1986年出生，吉林长春人，副教授，主要从事土壤培肥与农业废弃物资源化利用等方面的教学和科研工作。通信地址：130118 吉林长春市新城大街2888号，Tel：0431-84533522，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    热伊罕古丽·喀迪尔，女，1997年出生，新疆莎车人，硕士研究生，研究方向：有机培肥与农业可持续发展。通信地址：130118 吉林长春市新城大街2888号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“黑土地侵蚀退化功能重建机制与阻控技术”(2021FYD1500804)

Difference in Effects of Different Manure Application on Soil Physical Properties of Sloping Farmland in Black Soil Area

REYIHANGULI Kadier(), ZHOU Yinuo, ZHANG Yi, ZHANG Ziwei, XING Ruping, MA Xin, XU Chong, LIU Wenli(), WU Jinggui, LI Jianming   

  1. Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in Commercial Grain Base/College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118
  • Received:2024-02-06 Revised:2024-10-22 Published:2024-12-15 Online:2024-12-12

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摘要：

为探究施用不同畜禽粪对黑土区坡耕地土壤物理性质的影响，该试验以施化肥为对照，选用鸡粪、猪粪和牛粪3种畜禽粪进行田间试验。结果表明，施用畜禽粪降低了土壤容重，而提高了黑土坡耕地土壤团聚体、毛管孔隙度、土壤含水量和土壤入渗，且不同畜禽粪存在差异。与CK（对照）组相比，鸡粪组1~0.5 mm土壤团聚体粒径在30 d时显著提升82.6%，在150 d时<0.25 mm土壤团聚体粒径显著降低10.0%，而猪粪组1~0.5 mm粒径在90 d时显著提升49.5%。施用不同畜禽粪对土壤颗粒的几何平均直径(GMD)无显著影响，而显著影响了土壤颗粒的平均重量直径(MWD)和大团聚体质量分数(WR>0.25)；鸡粪组WR>0.25在150 d较CK组显著提高了10.3%；90 d时鸡粪和牛粪组土壤容重较CK分别下降了16.0%和13.0%；鸡粪组毛管孔隙度在60 d时显著提高了50.0%，而非毛管孔隙降低了38.5%。相较于CK组，鸡粪、猪粪和牛粪显著提高了含水量、田间持水量和饱和含水量；90 d时，施用猪粪、鸡粪和牛粪的田间持水量较CK分别显著提高了13.7%、27.7%和19.1%；土壤含水量分别提高了9.8%、21.3%和12.1%；土壤饱和含水量分别提高了17.1%、35.3%和26.7%。较CK组比，鸡粪、猪粪和牛粪组在90 d时初始入渗提高了6.2%、20.5%和17.9%；稳定入渗提高了1.7%、23.9%和4.0%；平均入渗提高了15.4%、38.3%和18.4%。此外，相关性分析表明，土壤容重与土壤入渗、土壤含水量以及土壤孔隙度呈负相关，而GMD和MWD，以及土壤入渗与土壤含水量和土壤孔隙度之间呈正相关。综上所述，施用畜禽粪可改善黑土坡耕地土壤物理性质，并且施用鸡粪处理改良土壤效果较好。

关键词: 畜禽粪便, 黑土坡耕地, 土壤物理, 土壤结构, 改良土壤

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of applying different livestock manure on the physical properties of sloping cropland soil in the black soil area, chemical fertilizers were used as the control, and three kinds of livestock manure, namely, chicken manure, hog manure and cow manure, were selected for the field experiment. The results showed that the application of livestock manure reduced soil bulk weight, whereas it increased soil aggregates, capillary porosity, soil water content and soil infiltration in cultivated land on black soil slopes, and there were differences among different livestock manures. Compared with the CK (control) group, the chicken manure group had a significant increase in 1-0.5 mm soil aggregate particle size of 82.6% at 30 d and a significant decrease in <0.25 mm soil aggregate particle size of 10.0% at 150 d, whereas the pig manure group had a significant increase in 1-0.5 mm particle size of 49.5% at 90 d. Application of different livestock manures did not significantly affect the geometric mean diameter (GMD) of soil particles, while it significantly affected the mean weight diameter (MWD) and macroaggregate mass fraction (WR > 0.25) of soil particles; WR > 0.25 in the chicken manure group was significantly higher by 10.3% at 150 d compared to the CK group; soil bulk weight decreased by 16.0% and 13.0% at 90 d compared to the CK in the chicken and cow dung groups, respectively; and capillary porosity in the chicken manure group was significantly higher by 50.0% at 60 d compared to the non-capillary porosity which decreased by 38.5%. Chicken manure, hog manure and cow manure significantly increased water content, field holding capacity and saturated water content compared to the CK group; at 90 d, field water holding capacity was significantly increased by 13.7%, 27.7% and 19.1% for hog manure, chicken manure and cattle manure applied compared to CK, respectively; soil water content increased by 9.8%, 21.3%, and 12.1%; soil saturated water content increased by 17.1%, 35.3%, and 26.7%, respectively. Compared with the CK group, the chicken, pig and cow manure groups showed an increase in initial infiltration of 6.2%, 20.5% and 17.9%, in stable infiltration of 1.7%, 23.9% and 4.0%, and in average infiltration of 15.4%, 38.3% and 18.4% at 90 d. The average infiltration of the chicken, pig and cow manure groups was higher than that of the CK group. In addition, correlation analyses showed a negative correlation between soil bulk weight and soil infiltration, soil water content, and soil porosity, and a positive correlation between GMD and MWD, and between soil infiltration and soil water content and soil porosity. In summary, the application of livestock manure can improve the physical properties of soil on black soil slopes cultivated land, and the application of chicken manure is more effective to improve the soil.

Key words: livestock manure, black soil slope cropland, soil physics, soil structure, improved soil