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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 67-73.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300198

所属专题： 耕地保护

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同调理剂改良低丘新垦耕地土壤物理性状的效果

严建立1(), 章明奎2(), 王道泽3   

  1. 1杭州市农业科学研究院,杭州 310024
    2浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州 310058
    3杭州市植保土肥总站,杭州 310020
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-12 修回日期:2020-05-18 出版日期:2021-01-15 发布日期:2021-01-14
  • 通讯作者: 章明奎
  • 作者简介:严建立,男,1967年出生,浙江余姚人,高级农艺师,主要从事新造耕地培肥和综合开发利用等方面的研究。通信地址：310024 浙江省杭州市西湖区转塘街道朱泗路261号 杭州市农业科学研究院,E-mail：yjl7784@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省重点研发计划项目“丘陵山地垦造耕地地力快速协调提升关键技术研究与应用”(2019C02035);国家科技支撑计划课题“东南城郊环保型集约化生态高值农业模式研究与示范”(2014BAD14B04)

Different Amendments: Effect on Soil Physical Properties of Newly Reclaimed Land in Low Hilly Region

Yan Jianli1(), Zhang Mingkui2(), Wang Daoze3   

  1. 1Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024
    2College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
    3Hangzhou Plant Protection and Soil-fertilizer Station, Hangzhou 310020
  • Received:2020-03-12 Revised:2020-05-18 Online:2021-01-15 Published:2021-01-14
  • Contact: Zhang Mingkui

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摘要：

为全面了解不同调理剂对改良低丘新垦耕地土壤物理性状的效果,采用温室培养试验,选择3种质地不同的新垦耕地土壤,比较研究了14种改良剂（包括聚丙烯酰胺、β-环糊精、褐腐酸钾、膨润土、高岭土、蛭石、沸石、硅藻土、石灰石粉、商品有机肥、水稻秸秆、紫云英、生物质炭和泥炭）对新垦耕地土壤结构性、保水性、透水性等物理性状的影响。结果表明,与对照比较,多数调理剂均可改善土壤水稳定性团聚体、容重、饱和持水量、凋萎含水量、饱和导水率和有效水范围。聚丙烯酰胺、β-环糊精和褐腐酸钾的效果最为明显,土壤水稳定性团聚体分别比对照增加42.88%~299.38%、41.15%~239.69%、55.39%~207.70%。泥炭和商品有机肥对低丘新垦土壤物理性状也有较好的改善效果,其水稳定性团聚体分别比对照31.90%~119.69%和35.19%~71.05%。膨润土、紫云英和水稻秸秆可明显提高砂土和壤土的水稳定性团聚体;高岭土和蛭石可明显提高砂土的水稳定性团聚体,但对粘土和壤土的水稳定性团聚体的影响较小。生物质炭对土壤的水稳定性团聚体含量的影响较小,但其可增加土壤饱和持水量、饱和导水率和有效水范围,降低凋萎含水量。总体上,聚丙烯酰胺、β-环糊精、褐腐酸钾、泥炭、商品有机肥等有机类的调理剂可较全面地改善土壤物理性状,比较适合低丘垦造耕地土壤物理性状的改良。

关键词: 调理剂, 垦造耕地, 物理性状, 改善效果, 有机碳, 土壤结构

Abstract:

To fully understand the effect of different amendments on the physical properties of newly cultivated land, a greenhouse culture experiment was carried out on three kinds of newly cultivated land soil with different texture. The effects of 14 amendments, including polyacrylamide, β-cyclodextrin, potassium fulvic acid, bentonite, kaolin, vermiculite, zeolite, diatomite, limestone powder, commercial organic fertilizer, rice straw, Chinese milk vetch, and biochar and peat, on soil structure, water retention and water permeability of the three kinds of soil were compared. The results showed that most of the amendments could improve the soil water stability aggregates, bulk density, saturated water holding capacity, wilting water content, saturated water conductivity and effective water range. And the effect of applying polyacrylamide, β-cyclodextrin, potassium fulvic acid on the physical properties was the most obvious, while the application of peat and commercial organic fertilizer also had a better effect on the physical properties of the soil. Compared with the control, the water stability aggregates of the soil with the application of polyacrylamide, β-cyclodextrin, potassium fulvic acid increased by 42.88%-299.38%, 41.15%-239.69% and 55.39%-207.70%, respectively. The application of peat and commercial organic fertilizer had better improving effects on the soil of newly reclaimed land in low hilly region, the water stability aggregates increased by 31.90%-119.69% and 35.19%-71.05%, respectively. Bentonite, Chinese milk vetch and rice straw could obviously improve the water stability aggregates of sandy soil and loamy soil. The application of kaolin and vermiculite could obviously improve the water stability aggregates of sandy soil, but they had little effect on the water stability aggregates of clay and loamy soil. Biochar had little effect on the content of water stable aggregates, but it could increase the saturated water holding capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and effective water range, and reduce the wilting water content. In general, the organic amendments, such as polyacrylamide, β-cyclodextrin, potassium fulvic acid, peat and commercial organic fertilizer, can effectively improve the overall physical properties of the soil, and are more suitable for being applied to the newly reclaimed land in low hilly regions.

Key words: amendment, cultivated land, physical properties, improvement effect, organic carbon, soil structure

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