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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (36): 17-23.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0273

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

鲜食型玉米/甘薯/大豆套作的产量与产值研究

韩丽1,2(), 张芳魁2(), 李秋卓2, 史婵2, 曾秀丽2, 张兴端2   

  1. 1 重庆三峡学院生物与食品工程学院，重庆万州 404020
    2 重庆三峡农业科学院，重庆万州 404155
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-28 修回日期:2024-08-12 出版日期:2024-12-25 发布日期:2024-12-23
  • 通讯作者:
    张芳魁，男，1981年出生，广西桂林人，高级农艺师，主要从事玉米、甘薯育种与栽培研究。Tel：023-58801059，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    韩丽，女，1998年出生，山东青岛人，在读研究生，研究方向：甘薯育种与栽培。通信地址：404020 重庆市万州区天星路666号 重庆三峡学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    财政部和农业农村部“国家甘薯产业技术体系”(CARS-10); 重庆市农业农村委“重庆市薯类产业技术体系”(CQMAITS202303)

Study on Yield and Economic Benefits of Fresh Maize-Sweet Potato-Soybean Intercropping

HAN Li1,2(), ZHANG Fangkui2(), LI Qiuzhuo2, SHI Chan2, ZENG Xiuli2, ZHANG Xingduan2   

  1. 1 College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404020
    2 Chongqing Three Gorges Academy of Agricultural Science, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404155
  • Received:2024-04-28 Revised:2024-08-12 Published:2024-12-25 Online:2024-12-23

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摘要：

通过开展鲜食型玉米、甘薯、大豆套作试验，探索适合重庆平坝浅丘及相似生态区的套作新模式。于2023年在重庆市万州区甘宁镇楠桥村重庆三峡农业科学院甘宁试验基地进行试验，以鲜食糯玉米品种‘珍糯521’，鲜食大豆品种‘万鲜3号’，鲜食甘薯品种‘万薯10号’、‘渝红心98’和‘普薯32’为试验材料，设置3个甘薯品种、3种行比模式共9个处理，进行试验数据整理和性状平均值、产量、商品薯率计算，并进行数据方差分析和多重比较。结果显示，鲜食糯玉米在不同行比套作模式中各产量构成因素无显著差异，但平均单株鲜穗重和鲜穗产量差异极显著。鲜食大豆在不同行比套作模式中的分枝数、单株有效结荚数和鲜荚产量均无显著差异。套作时，不同行比套作的甘薯受到了玉米遮阴的影响，导致鲜薯产量有不同程度降低，不同行比套作模式对不同甘薯品种的单株结薯数、商品薯率影响不尽一致。适当提高鲜食甘薯、鲜食糯玉米的套作种植密度有利于获得高产。分析结果表明，采用不同行比模式进行鲜食型玉米、甘薯、大豆套作时，采用2:2:3行比模式，以‘普薯32’套作鲜食糯玉米和鲜食大豆，可以获得最高单位面积总产值。研究旨在提高单位面积农作物产出和价值，并为农作物套作模式研究提供参考。

关键词: 鲜食型, 玉米, 甘薯, 大豆, 套作, 产量, 产值

Abstract:

In order to explore a new intercropping model that suitable for the flatland and shallow hill in Chongqing and similar ecological areas, increase the yield and economic benefits of crops, and provide reference for research on crop intercropping models, an intercropping experiment with fresh maize, sweet potato, and soybean was conducted. In this experiment, three different row ratios of maize-sweet potato-soybean intercropping models were used, with one fresh waxy maize variety, three fresh sweet potato varieties, and one fresh soybean variety as materials. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the yield components of fresh waxy maize in different row ratio intercropping models, but there was a significant difference in the average fresh ear weight per plant and yield. There were no significant differences in the number of branches, effective pod number per plant, and fresh pod yield of fresh soybean in different row ratio intercropping models. In the intercropping system, sweet potatoes in different row ratio intercropping were affected by the shading of maize, resulting in varying degrees of reduction in storage root yield. The different row ratio intercropping models had inconsistent effects on the number of storage root per plant and commodity rate of different sweet potato varieties. Increasing the intercropping planting density of fresh sweet potato and waxy maize properly is beneficial for achieving high yields. Using the row ratio model of 2:2:3, and intercropping fresh waxy maize and fresh soybean with sweet potato variety ‘Pushu32’ can achieve the highest total economic benefits.

Key words: fresh, maize, sweet potato, soybean, intercropping, yield, economic benefit