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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 96-104.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0237

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

庆阳市果园土壤重金属污染水平、健康风险及来源解析

张韩1(), 武永福1,2(), 郝良鲁1, 蔡立群1   

  1. 1 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院，兰州 730070
    2 陇东学院农业与生物工程学院，甘肃庆阳 745000
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-28 修回日期:2024-10-10 出版日期:2025-01-05 发布日期:2025-01-01
  • 通讯作者:
    武永福，男，1983年出生，甘肃白银人，副教授，博士，研究方向：农产品、土壤、颗粒物(PM2.5、PM10)中复合污染物来源、风险与管控研究。通信地址：730070 甘肃农业大学，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张韩，男，1996年出生，重庆潼南人，硕士研究生，研究方向：土壤环境质量研究。通信地址：730070 甘肃农业大学，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    庆阳市西峰区科技计划项目“庆阳农田土壤重金属污染阻控及果蔬新质低碳种植技术研究”(XK2024-14); 甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目“白银沿黄灌区基本农田有害元素污染特征及风险评估”(2021B-272); 陇东学院博士基金项目“董志塬土壤-作物-人群系统有害元素风险管控与个体防护关键因子识别”(XYBY202004)

Analysis of Pollution Level, Health Risk and Source of Heavy Metal in Orchard Soil in Qingyang City

ZHANG Han1(), WU Yongfu1,2(), HAO Lianglu1, CAI Liqun1   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
    2 Faculty of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Longdong University, Qingyang, Gansu 745000
  • Received:2024-03-28 Revised:2024-10-10 Published:2025-01-05 Online:2025-01-01

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摘要：

为准确了解庆阳市果园表层土壤中重金属污染水平、健康风险和主要来源，在庆阳市果园采集了16个0~40 cm表层土壤样品，测定铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)的含量，以单因子污染指数为基础，使用内梅罗综合污染指数、地积累污染指数、潜在生态危害风险指数法和健康风险评价模型对重金属污染程度和健康风险进行评价，并采用主成分分析法解析重金属污染来源。结果表明，庆阳市果园土壤Cd污染严重，处于中度污染水平；Hg的地积累指数大于5，属于极强污染，其他重金属地积累指数均小于0，属于无污染；7种元素的潜在生态危害风险指数(RI)范围为1694.28~5158.06，属于极强污染。青年人（18~40岁）、中年人（41~60岁）非致癌总风险分别为0.12、0.09，因此土壤重金属对当地果农没有非致癌风险。青年人、中年人的总致癌风险分别是9.21×10-5、7.45×10-4，已超过可接受水平(1×10-6)，土壤重金属对当地果农有致癌风险。源解析表明，土壤重金属主要来源可能为交通和塑料地膜混合源、农药源、化肥源和大气沉降源。

关键词: 庆阳市, 果园土壤, 重金属, 污染评价, 健康风险, 源解析

Abstract:

To accurately assess the levels of heavy metal pollution, health risks and pollution sources in the surface soil of orchards in Qingyang City, the research team collected 16 surface soil samples at 0-40 cm soil layer from orchards in Qingyang City. The concentrations of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) were determined. Based on the single factor pollution index, the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, geo-accumulation index, potential ecological risk index and health risk appraisal model were used to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution and health risks. In addition, principal component analysis was applied to analyze the sources of heavy metal pollution. The results indicated that the soil of orchards in Qingyang City was severely polluted by cadmium (Cd), reaching a moderate pollution level. The geo-accumulation index for mercury (Hg) was greater than 5, indicating extreme pollution, while the geo-accumulation indices for other heavy metals were all below 0, indicating no pollution. The potential ecological risk index (RI) for the seven elements ranged from 1694.28 to 5158.06, indicating extreme pollution. The total non-carcinogenic risks for young adults (aged from 18 to 40) and middle-aged adults (aged from 41 to 60) were 0.12 and 0.09, respectively, indicating no non-carcinogenic risk to local orchard farmers from soil heavy metals. However, the total carcinogenic risks for young adults and middle-aged adults were 9.21×10-5 and 7.45×10-4, respectively, exceeding the acceptable level (1×10-6), indicating a carcinogenic risk from soil heavy metals to local orchard farmers. Source analysis suggested that the main sources of soil heavy metal pollution may be a combination of traffic and plastic mulch, pesticides, fertilizers, and atmospheric deposition.

Key words: Qingyang City, soil of orchards, heavy metals, pollution appraisal, health risk, source analysis