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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 55-67.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0151

所属专题: 土壤重金属污染

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

艾蒿自然修复砷等重金属复合污染土壤的效果分析

覃勇荣(), 罗美东, 刘旭辉(), 黄秀连, 张治坤   

  1. 河池学院化学与生物工程学院,广西宜州 546300
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-16 修回日期:2023-11-22 出版日期:2024-04-15 发布日期:2024-04-11
  • 通讯作者:
    刘旭辉,女,1962年出生,四川广安人,教授,硕士,主要从事环境化学分析及桂西北有色金属矿区土壤重金属污染治理研究。通信地址:546300 广西河池市宜州区龙江路42号,Tel:0778-3141174,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    覃勇荣,男,1963年出生,广西平南人,教授,硕士,主要从事岩溶地区生物资源开发利用与生态环境保护研究。通信地址:546300 广西河池市宜州区龙江路42号,Tel:0778-3141174,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    广西高校校地校企共建科技创新平台“桂西北地方资源保护与利用工程中心”(桂教科研[2012]9号); 河池学院高层次人才科研启动费项目“河池市废旧砷矿工场土壤质量评价与综合治理研究”(XJ2018GKQ015); “桂西北岩溶地区石漠化治理优化模式研究”(XJ2018GKQ016)

Effect Analysis of Artemisia argyi on Natural Remediation of Arsenic and Other Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil

QIN Yongrong(), LUO Meidong, LIU Xuhui(), HUANG Xiulian, ZHANG Zhikun   

  1. School of Chemistry and Bio-engineering, Hechi University, Yizhou, Guangxi 546300
  • Received:2023-02-16 Revised:2023-11-22 Published:2024-04-15 Online:2024-04-11

摘要:

为了说明艾蒿在砷等重金属复合污染土壤修复中的作用,以广西某有色金属矿区废弃砒霜冶炼厂周边的艾蒿为研究对象,利用随机采样的方法,采集调查样地中的艾蒿优势种群及其根部土壤样品,对不同采样点艾蒿根部土壤的部分理化指标及艾蒿根茎叶的重金属含量进行测定,并对艾蒿不同部位的重金属富集系数和转运系数进行比较分析,对根部土壤与艾蒿不同部位重金属含量的相关性进行分析,用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和地累积指数对艾蒿根部土壤的污染状况进行评价。结果表明:(1)采样点土壤重金属污染极为严重,与所在县区土壤背景值相比,艾蒿根部土壤被测重金属元素最大超标倍数分别为As 1582.6、Mn 11.4、Zn 44.3、Cu 32.6、Pb 12.2、Cd 285.7,平均超标倍数分别为As 545.37、Mn 2.60、Zn 7.56、Cu 4.77、Pb 5.50、Cd 80.83。其中,砷和镉的污染最为严重,锌的污染较为严重,铅的污染位居第三,铜的污染相对较轻,锰的污染最轻。(2)艾蒿根部土壤的单项污染指数与地累积指数计算结果基本一致,各采样点艾蒿根部土壤的内梅罗综合污染指数均为重度以上,不同重金属元素污染程度大小排序为:As>Cd>Zn>Pb>Cu。(3)艾蒿能够耐受土壤中多种重金属的复合胁迫,但不是被测重金属元素的超富集植物。(4)艾蒿对Mn、Zn、Cu的富集和转移能力相对较强,可将其转运到地上部分;而对Pb、As、Cd的富集和转运能力较弱,可将其主要囤积在根部。因为艾蒿生物量大,对生境要求不高,既可将土壤中的部分重金属进行稳定化处理,也可以将土壤中的部分重金属进行植物萃取处理,所以,可将其用于重金属复合污染土壤的植物修复。

关键词: 艾蒿, 砷, 重金属, 复合污染, 土壤修复

Abstract:

To illustrate the role of Artemisia argyi in remediation of arsenic and other heavy metal contaminated soil, A. argyi collected from the vicinity of abandoned arsenic smelters in a non-ferrous metal mining area of Guangxi Province was used as the research object, the dominant populations of A. argyi and their root soil samples were collected from different sampling sites, and some physical and chemical indexes of the root soil and the heavy metal contents in the roots, stems and leaves of A. argyi were determined. The heavy metal accumulation and transport coefficients in different parts of A. argyi were compared and analyzed, and the correlation between the heavy metal content in root soil and different parts of A. argyi was analyzed, the pollution status of A. argyi root soil was evaluated by single factor pollution index, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and geo-accumulation index, respectively. The results showed that: (1) the heavy metal pollution in the soil of the sampling sites was extremely serious. Compared with the background value of the soil in the county, the maximum exceeding multiples of heavy metal elements measured in the root soil of A. argyi were As 1582.6, Mn 11.4, Zn 44.3, Cu 32.6, Pb 12.2 and Cd 285.7, and the average exceeding multiples were As 545.37, Mn 2.60, Zn 7.56, Cu 4.77, Pb 5.50 and Cd 80.83, respectively. Among them, arsenic and cadmium pollution was the most severe, zinc pollution was more severe, lead pollution was the third, copper pollution was relatively light, and manganese pollution was the least. (2) The single pollution index and geo-accumulation index calculation results of the root soil of A. argyi were basically consistent. The Nemero comprehensive pollution index of the root soil of A. argyi at each sampling point was above severe, and the order of pollution degree of different heavy metal elements was: As>Cd>Zn>Pb>Cu. (3) A. argyi could tolerate the combined stress of multiple heavy metals in the soil, but it was not a hyperaccumulator for the measured heavy metal elements. (4) A. argyi had a relatively strong ability to enrich and transfer Mn, Zn, and Cu, and could transport them to the aboveground parts. However, the enrichment and transport ability of Pb, As, and Cd were weak, and they could be mainly accumulated in the roots. Due to its large biomass and low habitat requirements, A. argyi could be used for both stabilization and plant extraction of some heavy metals in the soil. Therefore, it could be used for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.

Key words: Artemisia argyi, arsenic, heavy metal, combined pollution, soil remediation