外源L-天门冬氨酸纳米钙对镉污染土壤理化性质及微生物群落分布的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0444

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 98-108.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0444

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

外源L-天门冬氨酸纳米钙对镉污染土壤理化性质及微生物群落分布的影响

唐旭¹(), 田辉², 张浩冉¹, 柴国华¹, 吴秀文¹()

¹ 青岛农业大学资源与环境学院，山东青岛 266000
² 青岛农业大学实验室管理中心，山东青岛 266000

收稿日期:2024-07-02 修回日期:2024-12-03 出版日期:2025-01-13 发布日期:2025-01-13
通讯作者:
吴秀文，女，1989年出生，山东德州人，教授，博士研究生，研究方向：镉污染土壤修复及植物对镉毒的耐受机制。通信地址：266109 山东省青岛市城阳区长城路700号化学楼415室，E-mail：wuxiuwen0605@163.com。
作者简介:
唐旭，男，1999年出生，山东青岛人，硕士研究生，研究方向：镉污染土壤修复。通信地址：266109 山东省青岛市城阳区长城路700号生物楼N408室，E-mail：tangxu11016015@163.com。
基金资助:
山东省自然科学基金“聚天冬氨酸钙强化油菜富集镉能力及提高其镉毒抗性内在机制”(ZR202102190565)

Effects of Exogenous L-aspartic Acid Nano-calcium on Physical and Chemical Properties and Microbial Community Distribution in Cadmium Contaminated Soil

TANG Xu¹(), TIAN Hui², ZHANG Haoran¹, CHAI Guohua¹, WU Xiuwen¹()

¹ College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000
² Laboratory Management Center, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000

Received:2024-07-02 Revised:2024-12-03 Published:2025-01-13 Online:2025-01-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究外源L-天门冬氨酸纳米钙(NPs-Ca)对镉污染土壤理化性质及微生物群落分布的影响，本试验采取盆栽试验的方法，对镉污染的土壤添加不同钙源，设置3个不同处理：不施钙(CK)，施用氯化钙(Ca)和施用NPs-Ca (NPs-Ca)。本试验测定了土壤基础理化性质，镉总量及不同形态镉含量，为深入了解引起变化的原因，又通过高通量测序对土壤微生物群落结构和分布进行了分析。试验结果表明：与CK相比，施用CaCl₂显著提高了土壤水溶性钙含量，但并未对土壤pH、其他养分含量和不同形态镉含量产生显著影响，而施用NPs-Ca对土壤碱解氮，可溶性钙含量有显著提升作用，同时，有效降低了土壤总镉含量和有效态镉含量。NPs-Ca也对土壤微生物丰度有显著影响，使得变形菌门微生物相对丰度明显下降，对土壤和植物生长有着积极意义的放线菌门和厚壁菌门微生物占比显著增加。另外，值得注意的是，与CaCl₂不同，NPs-Ca的施入并未减少土壤微生物的物种数和多样性。本试验结果为NPs-Ca应用于修复镉污染土壤，丰富有益微生物丰度提供理论基础。

关键词: 镉污染土壤, L-天门冬氨酸纳米钙, 土壤养分, 镉, 理化性质, 微生物群落, 土壤微生物, 高通量测序

Abstract:

To explore the effect of exogenous L-aspartic acid nano-calcium (NPs-Ca) on the physical and chemical properties and the distribution of microbial community in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil, a pot experiment was conducted with setting up 3 treatments: CK (no Ca application), Ca (CaCl₂ application) and NPs-Ca (NPs-Ca application). In this experiment, the basic physical and chemical properties of soil, the total amount of cadmium and the content of different forms of cadmium were determined to further understand the causes of changes, the structure and distribution of soil microbial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that compared with CK, CaCl₂ application significantly increased the soil water-soluble Ca content, but had no impact on soil pH, other nutrient content and content of different forms of Cd. However, NPs-Ca application obvious increased the soil alkaline nitrogen and water-soluble Ca content, and effectively reduced the content of total Cd and available Cd in the soil. NPs-Ca also affected soil microbial abundance, resulting in a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria microorganisms, and a significant increase in the proportion of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes microorganisms that had a positive impact on soil and plant growth. Furthermore, unlike the application of CaCl₂, the application of NPs-Ca did not reduce the number and diversity of soil microorganisms. The results provided a theoretical basis for the remediation of Cd contaminated soil and enrichment of the abundance of beneficial microorganisms by applying NPs-Ca.

Key words: cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil, L-aspartic acid nano-calcium, soil nutrient, cadmium, physical and chemical properties, microbial community, soil microorganism, high-throughput sequencing

唐旭, 田辉, 张浩冉, 柴国华, 吴秀文. 外源L-天门冬氨酸纳米钙对镉污染土壤理化性质及微生物群落分布的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(2): 98-108.

TANG Xu, TIAN Hui, ZHANG Haoran, CHAI Guohua, WU Xiuwen. Effects of Exogenous L-aspartic Acid Nano-calcium on Physical and Chemical Properties and Microbial Community Distribution in Cadmium Contaminated Soil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(2): 98-108.

图/表 9

碱解氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	有机质/(g/kg)	pH	水溶性钙/(mg/kg)	总镉/(mg/kg)	有效镉/(mg/kg)
114.00	12.53	143.60	17.90	7.60	160.00	6.65	3.76

表1. 土壤基础理化性质

级别	一级	二级			三级
pH	自然背景值	<6.5	6.5~7.5	>7.5	>6.5
Cd	≤0.20	≤0.30	≤0.30	≤0.60	≤1.00

表2. 土壤重金属镉环境质量标准值[24] mg/kg

图1. 不同处理土壤基础理化性质不同小写字母/(mg/kg)表示各处理在P<0.05时差异显著。下同

图2. 不同处理土壤总镉含量

图3. 不同处理的土壤歌形态镉含量及占比

图4. 不同处理土壤微生物部分Alpha多样性指数

图5. 不同处理土壤微生物群落组成。 A、B分别为门水平和属水平相对丰度

图6. OUT水平上土壤微生物PCoA图

图7. 土壤微生物在属水平上与土壤各项理化性质的RDA分析 OM代表土壤有机质，AN代表土壤碱解氮，AP代表土壤有效磷，AK代表土壤速效钾，Ca代表土壤水溶性钙，ACd代表土壤有效镉，TCd代表土壤总镉

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外源L-天门冬氨酸纳米钙对镉污染土壤理化性质及微生物群落分布的影响

Effects of Exogenous L-aspartic Acid Nano-calcium on Physical and Chemical Properties and Microbial Community Distribution in Cadmium Contaminated Soil

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