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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 7-12.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0290

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米花生间作对作物及土壤特性的影响

孙广涛1(), 包桂荣1, 邰继承1, 萨如拉1,2(), 刘乃嘉1, 于淼1, 李安宁1   

  1. 1 内蒙古民族大学，内蒙古通辽 028000
    2 科尔沁沙地生态农业国家民委重点实验室，内蒙古通辽 028000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-07 修回日期:2024-08-26 出版日期:2025-02-15 发布日期:2025-02-11
  • 通讯作者:
    萨如拉，女，1982年出生，副教授，博士，主要从事玉米高产栽培研究。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    孙广涛，男，2003年出生，本科。通信地址：028000 内蒙古通辽市科尔沁区霍林河大街西536号，Tel：0475-8314829，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方科技发展资金项目“轻度盐碱地玉米花生间作高产高效的土壤微生态机制”(2022ZY0168); 科尔沁沙地生态农业国家民委重点实验室开放基金项目“玉米大豆轮作增产增效生理生态机制研究”(MDK2022025); 国家自然科学基金资助项目“低温秸秆降解复合菌系作用机制与途径研究”(31960383); 自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目“玉米浅埋滴灌种植模式下氮素迁移转化与调控”(GXKY22142)

Effect of Maize and Peanut Intercropping on Crop and Soil Characteristics

SUN Guangtao1(), BAO Guirong1, TAI Jicheng1, SA Rula1,2(), LIU Naijia1, YU Miao1, LI Anning1   

  1. 1 Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000
    2 Key Laboratory of State Ecological Agriculture in Horqin Sandy Land, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000
  • Received:2024-05-07 Revised:2024-08-26 Published:2025-02-15 Online:2025-02-11

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摘要：

本研究旨在探讨玉米与花生间作对作物农艺性状、生理活性及土壤特性的影响。通过盆栽根系分隔试验，评估了间作对玉米和花生的株高、叶绿素含量、抗逆性指标（SOD和POD活性）以及土壤速效养分和酶活性的影响。结果表明，玉米花生间作影响作物的形态及生理指标。增加花生株高71.4%、相对叶绿素含量11.3%，但对其根长、根重和叶片重量无显著影响；增加玉米株高43.9%、叶片鲜重122%及根长45.6%；但对其叶片叶绿素相对含量无显著影响。玉米花生间作提高植物抗逆性，分别增加花生叶片SOD和POD活性66.7%和129%、降低根系MDA含量19.8%；分别增加玉米叶片和根系SOD活性39.9%和17.0%，降低其根系MDA含量61%。玉米花生间作改变土壤速效养分含量，降低花生土壤碱解氮79.5%，但提高土壤速效磷含量11.5%、对其土壤速效钾含量无影响；对玉米田土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量无影响，但降低土壤速效磷含量9.4%。玉米花生间作影响土壤生物学特性，增加土壤酶活性，尤其对碱性磷酸酶活性的提高幅度较大，花生和玉米田土壤碱性磷酸酶活性分别增加122%和330%；增加玉米和花生土壤微生物数量，玉米花生间作可改善土壤微环境，提高作物苗期叶片和根系生理活性。

关键词: 间作, 土壤特性, 生理活性, 玉米, 花生, 农艺性状, 土壤微生物, 土壤酶活性, 土壤速效养分

Abstract:

In order to study the influence of maize-peanut intercropping on crop and soil characteristics, this paper sets up the root separation test of corn and peanut potted plants to study the influence of maize and peanut intercropping on crop agronomic traits, physiological activities, soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activity and soil rapid nutrients. The results showed that maize-peanut intercropping affected the morphological and physiological indexes of crops. Plant height and relative chlorophyll content of peanut were increased by 71.4% and 11.3%, but root length, root weight and leaf weight were not significantly affected. Plant height, leaf fresh weight and root length of maize were increased by 43.9%, 122% and 45.6%, respectively. But there was no significant effect on the relative content of chlorophyll. Maize-peanut intercropping improved plant stress resistance, increased SOD and POD activities of peanut leaves by 66.7% and 129%, and decreased MDA content of peanut roots by 19.8%, respectively. The activities of SOD in leaves and roots of maize were increased by 39.9% and 17.0%, respectively, while MDA content in roots decreased by 61%. Maize-peanut intercropping changed soil available nutrient content, decreased peanut soil available N by 79.5%, but increased soil available P by 11.5%, and had no effect on soil available K content. It had no effect on maize soil available N and K, but decreased soil available P by 9.4%. Maize-peanut intercropping affected soil biological characteristics and increased soil enzyme activities, especially the alkaline phosphates activity. The soil alkaline phosphates activity in peanut and maize fields increased by 122% and 330%, respectively. The Maize-peanut intercropping could improve soil microenvironment and physiological activities of leaves and roots in seedling stage.

Key words: intercropping, soil characteristics, physiological activity, maize, peanut, agronomic traits, soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activity, soil available nutrients