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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (13): 71-79.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0584

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

西藏林芝地区反苞蒲公英主要化学成分分析

戴明鋆1,2(), 蒋毅1,2, 陈玥章1,2, 张华2(), 史敏晶1()   

  1. 1 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室，海口 571101
    2 西藏农牧学院，西藏林芝 860000
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-12 修回日期:2025-02-25 出版日期:2025-05-05 发布日期:2025-05-07
  • 通讯作者:
    史敏晶，女，1974年出生，湖北人，研究员，博士，主要从事植物结构与发育研究。通信地址：571101 海南海口龙华区学院路4号橡胶研究所，E-mail：。
    张华，男，1976年出生，湖南人，副教授，硕士，主要从事植物分类研究。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    戴明鋆，女，1999年出生，重庆人，在读硕士研究生，主要从事植物生理生化研究。通信地址：571101 海南海口龙华区学院路4号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    海南省基金创新团队项目“基于排胶动力和阻力分析的橡胶树排胶机制的研究”(320CXTD442); 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所2024年开放课题“西藏（山南地区）蒲公英属种质资源收集与保存”(RRI-KLOF202306); 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“育种技术与方法岗位”(CARS-33-YZ1)

Analysis of Main Chemical Compositions Content of Taraxacum grypodon in Linzhi of Tibet

DAI Mingjun1,2(), JIANG Yi1,2, CHEN Yuezhang1,2, ZHANG Hua2(), SHI Minjing1()   

  1. 1 Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation and Physiology of Tropical Crops, Haikou 571101
    2 Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet 860000
  • Received:2024-09-12 Revised:2025-02-25 Published:2025-05-05 Online:2025-05-07

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摘要： 蒲公英是重要的药食两用多年生草本植物，反苞蒲公英在西藏林芝地区分布广泛，研究不同生长期的反苞蒲公英根和叶中与药用和食用品质密切相关的黄酮、多糖、单宁以及木质素等化学成分含量，对高效利用西藏蒲公英资源具有重要意义。采集分布在林芝市区4个区域的、处于不同生长期的反苞蒲公英全草，分别对样本叶片和根中的黄酮、多糖、单宁以及木质素等成分进行测定和分析。结果表明：（1）叶片中的黄酮含量为72.83~162.93 mg/g，根中黄酮含量为12.73~34.32 mg/g，叶片中的黄酮含量显著高于根中黄酮的含量(P<0.05)，反苞蒲公英中的黄酮主要积累在叶片中，且随着生长期的改变变化明显。（2）不同生长期叶片总糖含量为26.26~81.09 mg/g，根中的总糖含量为243.08~528.08 mg/g，根部中的总糖含量显著高于叶片中总糖的含量(P<0.05)，且在不同生长状态下，根与叶片中的总糖含量变化趋势相反。（3）叶片还原糖含量为13.73~63.38 mg/g，而根部还原糖含量为44.61~122.2 mg/g，明显高于叶片。（4）叶片多糖含量为12.53~35.56 mg/g，且不同生长时期多糖含量没有明显差异。根中多糖含量为141.35~483.46 mg/g，明显高于叶片中的含量。（5）叶片中单宁含量为18.99~49.74 mg/g，根中的单宁含量为6.35~16.88 mg/g，叶片中的单宁含量显著高于根中单宁的含量(P<0.05)，且不同生长期单宁含量存在明显差异。（6）叶片中木质素含量为58.68~104.93 mg/g，根部木质素含量为72.90~139.92 mg/g，根中木质素含量高于叶片，但差异不明显。综上，西藏林芝地区反苞蒲公英黄酮和单宁主要积累在叶片中，叶片是其主要的药用组织，在植株不同生长期黄酮和单宁含量变化规律相似；糖分主要积累在根部组织中，且结实期的总糖、还原糖和多糖含量均为最低；木质素在叶片中含量不到10%，且不同生长期差异不大。反苞蒲公英具有高黄酮、高多糖而低单宁、低木质素含量的特征，是一种优质的药食同源的植物资源；采收时可根据需求分别采集叶或者根部组织，使经济效益最大化。

关键词: 西藏林芝, 反苞蒲公英, 黄酮, 多糖, 单宁, 木质素, 药食同源植物

Abstract:

Taraxacum mongolicum is an important medicinal and edible perennial herb. T. grypodon is widely distributed in Linzhi, Tibet. The research aims to study the contents of flavonoids, polysaccharides, tannins, lignin and other chemical components in the roots and leaves of T. grypodon at different growth periods, which are closely related to its medicinal and edible quality, and provide important guiding significance for the efficient utilization of dandelions resources in Tibet. Taking the whole herb of T. grypodon at different growth stages distributed in four areas of Linzhi as the research materials, contents of total flavonoids, polysaccharides, tannins and lignin in the leaves and roots were measured and analyzed respectively. The results showed that: (1) The flavonoid content in the leaves was 72.83-162.93 mg/g, and that in the roots was 12.73-34.32 mg/g. The flavonoid content in the leaves was significantly higher than that in the roots (P<0.05). The flavonoids mainly accumulated in the leaves and showed significant changes with the growth period. (2) The total sugar content of leaves at different growth stages was 26.26-81.09 mg/g, and that in the roots was 243.08-528.08 mg/g. The total sugar content in the roots was significantly higher than that in the leaves (P<0.05), and the change trends of the total sugar content in the roots and leaves were opposite under different growth periods. (3) The reducing sugar content in the leaves was 13.73-63.38 mg/g, while that in the roots was 44.61-122.2 mg/g, which was significantly higher than that in the leaves. (4) The polysaccharide content in the leaves was 12.53-35.56 mg/g, with no significant difference at different growth stages. The polysaccharide content in the roots was 141.35-483.46 mg/g, which was significantly higher than that in the leaves. (5) The tannin content in the leaves was 18.99-49.74 mg/g, and that in the roots was 6.35-16.88 mg/g. The tannin content in leaves was significantly higher than that in the roots (P<0.05), and there were significant differences in the tannin content at different growth stages. (6) The lignin content in the leaves was 58.68-104.93 mg/g, and that in the roots was 72.90-139.92 mg/g. The lignin content in the roots was higher than that in the leaves, but the difference was not significant. Therefore, flavonoids and tannins of T. grypodon in Linzhi mainly accumulate in the leaves, and the leaves are its main medicinal tissues. The change rules of flavonoids and tannins contents are similar at different growth periods of the plants. On the contrary, saccharides mainly accumulate in the root tissues, and the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, and polysaccharide are all the lowest during the fruiting stage. Lignin content in the leaves is less than 10%, and there is little difference at different growth stages. T. grypodon is a superior medicinal and edible plant resource with high flavonoid and polysaccharide content, but low tannin and lignin content. In order to maximize the economic effect, the leaf and root tissues should be collected separately according to demand during harvest.

Key words: Linzhi of Tibet, Taraxacum grypodon, flavonoid, polysaccharides, tannin, lignin, medicinal and edible herb