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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (20): 80-90.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0611

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于最小数据集的湘南烟—稻轮作烟区土壤质量评价

肖子曼1(), 郝汉驰1, 范海津1, 贺汝婧1, 肖艳松2, 李小慧3, 刘勇军4, 龙坚1, 侯红波1, 彭佩钦1()   

  1. 1 中南林业科技大学环境科学与工程学院,长沙 410004
    2 湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,湖南郴州 423015
    3 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司,湖南永州 425000
    4 湖南省烟草科学研究所,长沙 410004
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-18 修回日期:2025-05-26 出版日期:2025-07-21 发布日期:2025-07-21
  • 通讯作者:
    彭佩钦,男,1965年出生,湖南岳阳人,博士,教授,主要从事水土保持和环境生态学研究。通信地址:410004 湖南省长沙市韶山南路498号,Tel:0731-85623096,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    肖子曼,男,1999年出生,湖南娄底人,硕士,主要从事烟草土壤研究。通信地址:410004湖南省长沙市韶山南路498号,Tel:0731-85623096,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司重点研发项目“烟-稻轮作区植烟土健康质量评价与保育技术研发与应用”(中烟办〔2021〕150号)

Tobacco Area Soil Quality Evaluation and Barrier Diagnosis in Intercropping System of Tobacco and Rice in Southern Hunan Based on Minimal Data Set

XIAO Ziman1(), HAO Hanchi1, FAN Haijin1, HE Rujing1, XIAO Yansong2, LI Xiaohui3, LIU Yongjun4, LONG Jian1, HOU Hongbo1, PENG Peiqin1()   

  1. 1 College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004
    2 Hunan Chenzhou Municipal Tobacco Company, Chenzhou, Hunan 423015
    3 Hunan Yongzhou Municipal Tobacco Company, Yongzhou, Hunan 425000
    4 Hunan Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha 410004
  • Received:2024-09-18 Revised:2025-05-26 Published:2025-07-21 Online:2025-07-21

摘要: 采集湘南烟—稻轮作烟区土壤,分析土壤理化及生物学特征,进行土壤质量评价与障碍诊断,为湘南烟—稻轮作烟区土壤养分管理、障碍因子消减以及优质烟叶增产增质提供科学依据。通过实地调查走访,在湘南烟—稻轮作烟区进行定位取样,在郴州、永州11个烟站,采集124个土壤样品,以有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、交换性钙(ECa)、交换性镁(EMg)、有效锰(AMn)、有效硼(AB)、有效钼(AMo)、微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)、微生物量磷(MBP)、水溶性氯离子(Cl)、容重(BD)和pH等18项指标作为总数据集(TDS),通过主成分分析结合Norm值方法构建最小数据集(MDS),获得土壤质量指数,使用障碍因子诊断模型,分析主要障碍因子。结果表明:湘南烟—稻轮作烟区土壤最小数据集(MDS)由容重、全氮、pH、微生物量碳、微生物量氮、微生物量磷、有效磷、全钾、有效锰构成。土壤质量指数(SQI)的MDS-SQI与TDS-SQI呈极显著正相关关系(R2=0.479,P<0.05),相对偏差系数为0.053,两者拟合程度较好,相对偏差小,表明最小数据集可代替总数据集对湘南烟区土壤质量进行评价。通过障碍模型分析表明,湘南烟—稻轮作烟区主要障碍因子为全氮,平均障碍度0.093;有效锰,平均障碍度0.090。所建立的最小数据集评价方法可有效反映实际土壤质量,在简化工作量的同时兼具代表性和准确性,适用于烟-稻轮作土壤质量评价和障碍因子诊断。湘南烟—稻轮作烟区土壤质量指数介于0.221~0.614,均值为0.417,土壤质量整体处于中等水平。

关键词: 烟—稻轮作, 植烟土壤, 主成分分析, 最小数据集, 土壤质量, 障碍度

Abstract:

Soil samples were collected from the tobacco-rice rotation area of southern Hunan to analyze the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil. To evaluate soil quality and diagnose obstacles, providing a scientific basis for nutrient management, reduction of limiting factors, and improving the yield and quality of tobacco leaves in this region, a total of 124 soil samples were collected from 11 tobacco stations. 18 indicators, including soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), exchangeable calcium (ECa), exchangeable magnesium (EMg), available manganese (AMn), available boron (AB), available molybdenum (AMo), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), water-soluble chloride ion (Cl), bulk density (BD) and pH, were selected as the total data set (TDS). Using principal component analysis combined with the Norm value method, a minimum data set (MDS) was constructed to derive the soil quality index (SQI). An obstacle factor diagnosis model was employed to identify the main limiting factors. The results showed that the MDS for the tobacco-rice rotation area in southern Hunan consisted of bulk density, total nitrogen, pH, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, microbial biomass phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available manganese. The MDS-based soil quality index (MDS-SQI) exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with the TDS-SQI (R2=0.479,P<0.05), with a relative deviation coefficient of 0.053. This indicated a good fit between the two indices, with minimal relative deviation, suggesting that the MDS could effectively replace the TDS for soil quality evaluation in this region. Obstacle factor analysis revealed that the main limiting factors in the tobacco-rice rotation area were total nitrogen (average obstacle degree of 0.093) and available manganese (average obstacle degree of 0.090). The established MDS evaluation method accurately reflected actual soil quality, balancing representativeness and accuracy while simplifying workload. It was suitable for soil quality evaluation and obstacle diagnosis in tobacco-rice rotation systems. The soil quality index in the tobacco-rice rotation area ranged from 0.221 to 0.614, with an average value of 0.417, indicating that overall soil quality is at a moderate level.

Key words: tobacco-rice rotation, tobacco-planted soil, principal component analysis, minimum data set, soil quality, impedance