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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (25): 117-125.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0129

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

呼和浩特农业气候资源变化及其对苜蓿生产的影响

梁燕1(), 张岚晶1, 苏利军1(), 张志杰1, 张彩云2   

  1. 1 呼和浩特市气象局，呼和浩特 010020
    2 鄂尔多斯市气象局，内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017000
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-24 修回日期:2025-08-20 出版日期:2025-09-05 发布日期:2025-09-16
  • 通讯作者:
    苏利军，男，1982年出生，内蒙古凉城人，正高级工程师，硕士研究生，研究方向：农业气象服务。通信地址：010020 呼和浩特市气象局，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    梁燕，女，1977年出生，内蒙古呼和浩特人，副高级工程师，博士，研究方向为气候变化与生态农业气象。通信地址：010020 内蒙古呼和浩特市金桥开发区世纪西街金桥二路 呼和浩特市气象局，Tel：0471-4348050，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区气象局科技创新项目“基于标准化生产的苜蓿全程系列化气象服务指标研究”(nmqxkjcx202404); 呼和浩特市科学技术局2024年“揭榜挂帅”重大科技项目“耐盐碱苜蓿品种选育与种植综合技术集成研究与示范”(2024─揭榜挂帅─农─2─2); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金面上项目“基于GIS的内蒙古地区紫花苜蓿适宜种植区划研究”(2024LHMS04018)

Variations of Agricultural Climate Resources of Hohhot and Its Impact on Alfalfa Production

LIANG Yan1(), ZHANG Lanjing1, SU Lijun1(), ZHANG Zhijie1, ZHANG Caiyun2   

  1. 1 Hohhot Meteorological Bureau, Hohhot 010020
    2 Ordos Meteorological Bureau, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000
  • Received:2025-02-24 Revised:2025-08-20 Published:2025-09-05 Online:2025-09-16

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摘要： 揭示气候变化对苜蓿生产的影响，为开展苜蓿生产针对性管理措施提供科学依据。基于呼和浩特市1960—2019年逐日平均气温、最低气温、降水量数据，2023、2024年苜蓿生育期观测资料，系统分析气候资源（温度、降水、积温）对苜蓿物候、茬次及灌溉需求的综合影响，为区域苜蓿生产应对气候变化提供实证支撑。研究采用趋势分析、气候倾向率等方法，分析苜蓿返青期、春播最早发芽期、越冬期最低气温、各茬次积温及不同生长阶段灌溉需水量等变化规律。结果表明，近60 a来，苜蓿返青期、春播最早发芽期分别提前15.5、19 d，越冬期最低气温上升4.8℃，生长期积温增加274.9℃；前2茬降水适配度仅0.2~0.3，灌溉需水量大，后2茬适配度达0.7，灌溉需水量显著降低。气候变暖使苜蓿返青期提前7~10 d、生育期延长15~20 d；降水集中度上升导致灌溉需求时空差异显著，进而推动苜蓿茬次由“2茬为主”向“3茬常态化”转变，单位面积产量提升12%~15%。研究结果可为苜蓿生产中高效利用气候资源、趋利避害提供指导。

关键词: 苜蓿, 农业气候资源, 优质高效生产, 气候变化, 呼和浩特

Abstract:

This paper studies the influence of agricultural climate resources change on alfalfa production, and provides scientific basis for revealing the relationship between climate change and alfalfa production and developing targeted management measures for alfalfa production. Based on the daily average temperature, minimum temperature and precipitation data from 1960 to 2019, as well as the observation data of alfalfa growth period in 2023 and 2024 in Hohhot, the interdecadal climate change research method was used to analyze the changing laws of alfalfa re-greening period, the earliest germination period of spring sowing, the minimum temperature during overwintering period, the accumulated temperature of each crop and the irrigation water demand in different growth stages. Results indicated that over the past 6 decades, the alfalfa re-greening period and earliest spring germination date had advanced significantly by 15.5 and 19 days, respectively. Concurrently, the overwintering minimum temperature increased by 4.8℃, and accumulated temperature in growing period (≥5℃) increased by 274.9℃. The precipitation adaptation efficiency remained suboptimal (0.2-0.3) during the first two harvests, requiring substantial irrigation (100-200 mm), while improving markedly (0.7) in subsequent harvests with significantly reduced irrigation demands (30-50 mm). Climate warming advanced the re-greening period of alfalfa by 7-10 days and extended the growth period by 15-20 days. The increase of precipitation concentration led to significant spatial and temporal differences in irrigation demand, which in turn promoted the transformation of alfalfa stubbles, and the yield per unit area increased by 12%-15%. The research results can provide scientific guidance for the efficient use of climate resources and avoiding disadvantages in alfalfa production.

Key words: alfalfa, agricultural climate resources, effective production, climate change, Hohhot