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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (35): 99-109.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0153

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

浙江省早稻生育期（生长季）农业气候资源初步研究

周弘媛1(), 张立波2(), 章永辉1, 甄国凝1, 黄鲁鑫3   

  1. 1 绍兴市柯桥区气象局，浙江绍兴 312030
    2 绍兴市气象局，浙江绍兴 312000
    3 绍兴蒋相禾农业发展有限公司，浙江绍兴 312030
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-07 修回日期:2024-10-23 出版日期:2024-12-15 发布日期:2024-12-12
  • 通讯作者:
    张立波，男，1980年出生，山东青州人，高级工程师，研究生，研究方向：应用气象和气候变化。通信地址：312000 浙江省绍兴市越城区凤林西路1515号 绍兴市气象台，Tel：0575-84560676，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    周弘媛，女，1990年出生，浙江绍兴人，工程师，本科，研究方向：天气预报和农业气象研究。通信地址：312030 浙江省绍兴市柯桥区群贤路762号 绍兴市柯桥区气象局，Tel：0575-84560676，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LZJMZ23D050001); 浙江省基础公益计划项目(LGF22D050007); 浙江省气象局重点项目(2020ZD07); 浙江省气象局一般项目(2022YB22)

Preliminary Study on Agricultural Climate Resources during the Early Rice Growth Season in Zhejiang Province

ZHOU Hongyuan1(), ZHANG Libo2(), ZHANG Yonghui1, ZHEN Guoning1, HUANG Luxin3   

  1. 1 Shaoxing Keqiao Meteorological Bureau, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030
    2 Shaoxing Meteorological Office, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000
    3 Shaoxing Jiang Xianghe Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312030
  • Received:2024-03-07 Revised:2024-10-23 Published:2024-12-15 Online:2024-12-12

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摘要：

为提高浙江省早稻生育期（生长季）气候资源利用率，并实现早稻持续稳产与增产。研究利用浙江省66个国家气象站1971—2022年逐日平均气温、降水量、日照等数据，采取线性倾向率、M-K检验等方法，分析了浙江省近52 a早稻生育期（生长季）热量、降水、光照资源的时空变化特征。结果表明，浙江省早稻生育期、生长季平均气温呈西南高、东北低的分布特征，并以0.34℃/10、0.38℃/10 a气候倾向率波动上升，2002年有激增点；浙江省早稻生长季≥10℃积温年平均在2719.1~3286.4℃·d之间，呈西南高东北低，以75.8℃·d/10 a的气候倾向率增加，东北部增速高于西南部地区，热量资源的空间差异呈缩小态势。降水资源年际变化很大，空间分布上均自西南向东北逐步递减，差异显著，早稻生育期和生长季降水量气候倾向率分别以12.2 mm/10 a和14.1 mm/10 a的速率缓慢增加，空间分布呈东北高西南低阶梯状分布，且多为递增趋势。光照资源年际变幅较大，早稻生育期、生长季平均日照时数分别为698.9 h、771.9 h，并以-11.2 h/10 a、-8.9 h/10 a气候倾向率减少。研究结果为提高气候资源利用率、规避气象灾害和分品种科学布局等方面提供气象依据和支撑，实现浙江地区早稻持续增产。

关键词: 农业气候资源, 早稻生育期（生长季）, 浙江, 降水量, 日照时数, 气候变暖, 种植制度, 时空分析

Abstract:

To enhance the utilization rate of climatic resources during the growth season of early rice in Zhejiang Province and to achieve sustained and increased yields, daily average temperature, precipitation, and sunlight data from 66 national meteorological stations in Zhejiang Province spanning from 1971 to 2022 were analyzed in this study. Utilizing methods such as linear trend analysis and Mann-Kendall (M-K) test, the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of heat, precipitation, and light resources during the early rice growing period and growing season over the past 52 years were examined. The results indicate that the average temperature during the early rice growing period and growing season exhibits a distribution pattern characterized by higher values in the southwest and lower values in the northeast. The climate tendency rate fluctuates with increase of 0.34℃/10a and 0.38℃/10a for average temperature for heat accumulation, with a significant increase point observed in 2002. The annual accumulated temperature above10℃ for early rice ranges between 2719.1 to 3286.4℃·d, also displaying a southwest-high/northeast-low gradient with an increasing climate trend of 75.8°C·d/10a; notably, northeastern regions exhibit a faster increase compared to southwestern areas, leading to a reduction in spatial disparities regarding thermal resources. Interannual variability is significant for precipitation resources; their spatial distribution decreases progressively from southwest to northeast with marked differences observed across regions. The climate trends for precipitation during both the early rice growing period and overall growth season show slow increases at rates of approximately 12.2mm/10a and 14.1mm/10a respectively; these trends follow a staircase-like distribution where northeastern areas are wetter than southwestern ones. Light resource availability demonstrates considerable interannual fluctuations as well, and sunshine resources also exhibit large interannual variations with average sunshine hours being 698.9h and 771.9h, respectively, both showing declines at rates of -11.2h/10a and -8.9h/10a.The research findings provide meteorological evidence and support for enhancing the utilization of climate resources, mitigating meteorological disasters, and implementing scientifically informed varietal distribution, and help to achieve a sustained increase in early rice production in the Zhejiang region.

Key words: agricultural climate resources, early rice growing season, Zhejiang, precipitation, sunshine hours, climate warming, planting system, spatiotemporal analysis