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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (20): 109-114.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0087

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

2023年4月28—29日冻害对陇东苹果花期的影响分析

邱宁刚1(), 张天峰1(), 周忠文1, 张洪芬1, 陈帆2, 宋亚男3   

  1. 1 甘肃省庆阳市气象局，甘肃庆阳 745000
    2 甘肃省镇原县气象局，甘肃镇原 744500
    3 甘肃省环县气象局，甘肃环县 745700
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-06 修回日期:2024-05-24 出版日期:2024-07-11 发布日期:2024-07-11
  • 通讯作者:
    张天峰，男，1969年出生，甘肃西峰人，高级工程师，本科，主要从事气候分析和应用气象研究。通信地址：745000 甘肃省庆阳市西峰区兰州路14号 甘肃省庆阳市气象局，Tel：0934-8213627，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    邱宁刚，男，1973年出生，甘肃宁县人，高级工程师，本科，主要从事生态与农业气象服务及科研工作。通信地址：745000甘肃省庆阳市西峰区兰州路14号 甘肃省庆阳市气象局，Tel：0934-8212687，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省自然科学基金“陇东玉米对气候变化的响应及适应”(22JR5RM1045); 甘肃省庆阳市自然科学基金农业重大科研项目“气象因子对陇东苹果病虫害发生的影响及预测预报研究”(QY-STK-2023A-S082); 甘肃省气象局科研项目“陇东果园春季晚霜冻防治技术措施研究”(ZcMs2024-G-27)

Analysis of Impact of Freezing Damage from April 28th to 29th, 2023 on Flowering Period of Apples in Longdong

QIU Ninggang1(), ZHANG Tianfeng1(), ZHOU Zhongwen1, ZHANG Hongfen1, CHEN Fan2, SONG Yanan3   

  1. 1 Qingyang Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province, Qingyang, Gansu 745000
    2 Zhenyuan Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Provincee, Zhenyuan, Gansu 744500
    3 Huanxian Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province, Huanxian, Gansu 745700
  • Received:2024-02-06 Revised:2024-05-24 Published:2024-07-11 Online:2024-07-11

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摘要：

本研究以2023年4月28—29日陇东地区发生的苹果严重冻害事件为案例，旨在通过分析气象数据和苹果发育期资料，探讨不同品种和种植地域的苹果对低温冻害的敏感性及其影响因素。研究选取了庆城、合水、西峰、宁县、正宁、镇原、平凉等地区的国家级气象站1971—2023年的气温观测资料及1994—2023年西峰农业气象试验站的苹果发育期资料，采用统计学方法分析了不同品种、不同种植地域最低温度、低温持续时间与苹果花蕊受冻级别的相关性。结果表明，冻害对陇东苹果早熟品种嘎啦系、蜜脆、粉红女士，晚熟品种瑞阳、瑞雪、瑞香红等影响较小；对中熟品种富士系影响较大；苹果种植地域山地、平原较川地、塬畔严重；陇东苹果由于气候变暖原因花期提前，当温度降低到-2℃以下时，冻害程度会随着温度的降低和持续时间的增加而加重。在苹果花期，低温是影响冻害的主导因素，而最低温度和低温持续时间则是决定冻害程度的关键指标。如果温度持续低于苹果花期的耐受极限，那么冻害的发生和严重程度将随着低温的持续时间延长而增加，并通过实际灾情验证。本研究的结论对于优化苹果种植策略、改良品种选择、提高果业产值及振兴乡村经济具有重要意义。

关键词: 陇东苹果, 气候变暖, 冻害指标, 冻害程度, 防冻措施, 苹果冻害, 气象因素, 品种差异, 种植地域, 低温影响

Abstract:

The aims were to optimize apple planting areas, improve varieties, increase the output value of economic forests and fruits, revitalize rural economy, and achieve high-quality development of fruit industry. Taking the severe freezing damage process of apples in Longdong from April 28th to 29th, 2023 as an example, the hourly meteorological element changes during this process in representative areas of apple cultivation in Longdong, such as Qingcheng (Chicheng), Heshui (Hejiapan), Xifeng (Wenquan), Ningxian (Zaosheng, Panke), Zhengning (Gonghe), Zhenyuan (Fangshan), and Pingliang (Jingning) were used to study the correlation between the minimum temperature and low temperature duration of different varieties and different planting areas and the freezing grade of apple stamens by statistical methods. Temperature observation data from 8 national meteorological stations from 1971 to 2023 and apple development period data from Xifeng Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station from 1994 to 2023 were also utilized. The results showed that frost damage had a relatively small impact on early maturing apple varieties such as Gala series, Micui, and Pink Lady, as well as late maturing apple varieties such as Ruiyang, Ruixue, and Ruixiang Hong in Longdong. It had a significant impact on the mid maturity variety Fuji. The apple cultivation area is more severe in mountainous and plain areas than in river areas and along the plateau. Due to climate change, the flowering period of apples in Longdong is advanced. When the temperature drops below -2℃, the degree of frost damage will increase with the decrease of temperature and the increase of duration. During the flowering period of apples, low temperature is the dominant factor affecting frost damage, while the minimum temperature and duration of low temperature are key indicators determining the degree of frost damage. If the temperature continues to fall below the tolerance limit of apple flowering, the occurrence and severity of frost damage will increase with the prolongation of low temperature, and will be verified by actual disaster situations.

Key words: apples from Longdong, climate warming, frost damage indicators, degree of frost damage, antifreeze measures, apple frost damage, meteorological factors, varietal differences, planting regions, low temperature impact