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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (25): 54-59.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0192

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

旋耕方式下氮肥不同减施量对冬小麦根际土壤微生物及酶活的影响

聂胜委1,2(), 张巧萍1,2, 王建超2,3, 潘秀燕2,4, 王辉4, 李金平4   

  1. 1 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所，郑州 450002
    2 河南省农业资源与环境重点实验室，郑州 450002
    3 宝丰县农业科学研究所，河南平顶山 467400
    4 遂平县农业科学研究所，河南驻马店 463100
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-05 修回日期:2025-08-05 出版日期:2025-09-05 发布日期:2025-09-16
  • 作者简介:

    聂胜委，男，1979年出生，河南汝州人，副研究员，博士，主要从事耕作制度与废弃物资源化利用方面的研究。通信地址：450002 河南省郑州市金水区花园路116号 河南省农业科学院资环所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河南省肉牛产业技术体系建设专项“农业废弃物资源化利用技术研究与示范”(HARS-22-13-G02); 国家重点研发专项“化肥农药协同增效技术与评价”(2017YFD0201702)

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction Levels on Rhizosphere Soil Microorganisms and Enzyme Activities of Winter Wheat Under Rotary Tillage System

NIE Shengwei1,2(), ZHANG Qiaoping1,2, WANG Jianchao2,3, PAN Xiuyan2,4, WANG Hui4, LI Jinping4   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002
    2 Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhengzhou 450002
    3 Institute of Agricultural Science in Baofeng County, Pingdingshan, Henan 467400
    4 Institute of Agricultural Science in Suiping County, Zhumadian, Henan 463100
  • Received:2025-03-05 Revised:2025-08-05 Published:2025-09-05 Online:2025-09-16

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摘要： 以旋耕小麦为对象，连续2季（2017—2018年第1季和2018—2019年第2季）研究不同氮肥减施梯度（0%、10%、20%、30%减施）对小麦季根际土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响，旨在为旋耕区氮肥减施的微生态调控提供技术支持。研究设置CK（过量施肥300 kgN/hm2）、RF10（减氮10%）、RF20（减氮20%）、RF30（减氮30%）4个处理。结果表明，与CK相比，RF20增产，RF10产量稍有下降但差异不显著，RF30减产，其中第1季减产显著。RF20在返青拔节期、灌浆期的根际土壤细菌、真菌数量均较CK下降，其中真菌数量在第2季显著下降，分别较CK下降21.50%、20.63%；在灌浆期放线菌数量显著下降27.78%~39.76%。RF10在灌浆期的根际土壤细菌、真菌数量增加，RF30则下降，RF10、RF30对放线菌影响无规律。此外，在返青拔节期，RF20的根际土壤脲酶活性下降，RF10的根际土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性均下降；在灌浆期，RF20的根际土壤蔗糖酶活和RF30的根际土壤脲酶活性均增大。总之，在300 kgN/hm2施肥水平下，小麦季减施10%、20%的氮肥供应，改善了土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性，节省化肥投入，实现稳产增效。

关键词: 旋耕, 氮肥不同减施水平, 冬小麦季, 土壤微生物, 土壤酶

Abstract:

In this paper, the effects of reduction levels of nitrogen fertilizer on rhizosphere soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities were studied, so as to obtain rational application levels and improve resource use efficiency. Under rotary tillage methods, treatments of CK (over-application, 300 kgN/hm2), RF10 (N reduce 10%), RF20 (N reduce 20%), and RF30 (N reduce 30%) were set to conduct experiments in 2017 to 2018 (the first season) and 2018 to 2019 (the second season), respectively. The results showed that compared with CK, RF20 increased the yield, RF10 had a slight decrease in yield, but the difference was not significant. RF30 reduced the yield, with a significant reduction in the first season. The number of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of RF20 decreased at the jointing and filling stages, and the number of fungi decreased significantly in the second season, by 21.50% and 20.63% respectively compared with the control. The number of actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of RF20 decreased significantly by 27.78% to 39.76% at the filling stage. The number of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil of RF10 increased at the filling stage, while that of RF30 decreased. The effect of RF10 and RF30 on actinomycetes was irregular. In addition, at the jointing and tillering stage, the urease activity in the rhizosphere soil of RF20 decreased, and the sucrase and urease activities in the rhizosphere soil of RF10 both decreased. At the filling stage, the sucrase activity in the rhizosphere soil of RF20 and the urease activity in the rhizosphere soil of RF30 both increased. In conclusion, under the nitrogen application rate of 300 kgN/hm2, reducing the nitrogen supply by 10% and 20% in the wheat season improved the soil microbial quantity and soil enzyme activity, saved fertilizer input, and achieved stable yield and increased efficiency.

Key words: rotary tillage, reduction levels of nitrogen fertilizer, winter wheat growing season, soil microorganisms, soil enzyme