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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (34): 30-38.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0267

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

7种樟科植物生长、生理与养分积累的特性

李婷1(), 彭楚雲2, 马道承2, 甘雯2, 杨梅2, 龙敏1()   

  1. 1 广西壮族自治区南宁树木园,南宁 530031
    2 广西大学林学院/广西高校亚热带人工林培育与利用重点实验室/中南速生材繁育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,南宁 530004
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-08 修回日期:2025-09-25 出版日期:2025-12-04 发布日期:2025-12-04
  • 通讯作者:
    龙敏,女,1980年出生,广西蒙山人,高级工程师,本科,主要从事森林培育和林业技术推广。通信地址:530031 广西壮族自治区南宁市江南区友谊路78号 南宁树木园,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    李婷,女,1986年出生,广西梧州人,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事森林培育及林木种苗繁育技术研究。通信地址:530031 广西壮族自治区南宁市江南区友谊路78号 南宁树木园,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    广西林业科技项目“广西桂西南地区常见天然林优势种、建群种种质资源收集及适应性研究”(桂林科研[2022ZC]第67号)

Comprehensive Evaluation of Growth, Physiological and Nutrient Accumulation Characteristics of Seven Lauraceae Species

LI Ting1(), PENG Chuyun2, MA Daocheng2, GAN Wen2, YANG Mei2, LONG Min1()   

  1. 1 Nanning Arboretum in Guangxi, Nanning 530031
    2 College of Forestry, Guangxi University/ Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plantation Cultivation and Utilization in Guangxi Universities/ Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration of Central South China Rapid Timber Breeding, Nanning 530004
  • Received:2025-04-08 Revised:2025-09-25 Published:2025-12-04 Online:2025-12-04

摘要:

为更好地了解樟科植物生态学特性,选出适宜桂西南地区栽培推广的种类,本研究收集润楠属(Machilus)、琼楠属(Beilschmiedia)、樟属(Cinnamomum)3属共7种樟科植物的种子,在南宁地区完成播种后对其4年生植株进行生长、生理与养分积累特性探究及综合评价。研究结果显示:(1)雅安琼楠(B. yaanica)和广东琼楠(B. fordii)的株高和地径在各树种中分别达到最大值。琼楠属植物在株高和地径生长方面,表现优于润楠属和樟属植物。而润楠属植物的高径比相对较小,其株型整体更为匀称。(2)红楠(M. thunbergii)的单叶面积最大,瞬时光合作用能力最强。润楠属植物在叶片整体生长和光合特性方面,优于琼楠属和樟属植物,并且植株整体的抗氧化酶活性更高。琼楠属植株的 MDA含量(膜脂过氧化程度)总体处于较低水平。(3)润楠属植株在氮、磷、钾养分积累方面整体表现更佳。其中,红梗润楠的生长受氮元素限制,红楠、闽桂润楠(M. minkweiensis)和雅安琼楠的生长受磷元素限制,而其他树种的生长不受氮、磷、钾元素的限制。(4)通过模糊隶属函数分析发现,红楠的综合表现最为优异(平均隶属度为0.625),雅安琼楠和闽桂润楠次之,岩樟和红梗润楠的综合表现最差(平均隶属度分别为0.302、0.292)。综上所述,红楠最适宜在南宁地区进行推广种植。在培育过程中,应着重补充氮、磷元素,并确保良好的水肥条件。雅安琼楠和闽桂润楠次之,而岩樟和红梗润楠则需要对栽培条件和培育方式进行优化。

关键词: 樟科植物, 生长及生理特性, 养分积累特性, 相关性分析, 隶属度分析, 综合评价

Abstract:

The aim is to better understand the ecological characteristics of Lauraceae plants, select the species suitable for cultivation and popularization in southwest Guangxi. In this study, seeds of 7 species of Lauraceae from 3 genera (Machilus, Beilschmiedia, Cinnamomum) were collected, and the growth, physiological and nutrient accumulation characteristics of their 4-year-old plants were studied and evaluated after seeding in Nanning. The results showed that: (1) the plant height and ground diameter of B. yaanica and B. fordii were the largest, and the seedling elongation and thickening of Beilschmiedia were better than those of Machilus and Cinnamomum, while the height-diameter ratio of Machilus was smaller and the overall growth was more balanced. (2) M. thunbergii had the largest single leaf area and the strongest instantaneous photosynthesis. The overall leaf growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Machilus were better than those of Beilschmiedia and Cinnamomum (the overall antioxidant enzyme activity of the seedlings was higher). The content of MDA (membrane peroxidation degree) was lower in the Beilschmiedia seedlings. (3) The overall nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient accumulation of Machilus spp. seedlings was better. M. rufipes was limited by nitrogen, M. thunbergii, M. minkweiensis and B. yaanica were limited by phosphorus, but other species were not limited by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. (4) Through membership degree analysis, it can be seen that M. thunbergii had the best comprehensive performance (average membership of 0.625), followed by B. yaanica and M. minkweiensis. C. saxatile and M. rufipes had the worst comprehensive performance (average membership of 0.302 and 0.292, respectively). In summary, M. thunbergii is most suitable for the promotion in Nanning, and attention should be paid to the supplement of nitrogen and phosphorus elements and the guarantee of water and fertilizer conditions during cultivation, followed by B. yaanica and M. minkweiensis, while the cultivation conditions and cultivation methods of C. saxatile and M. rufipes need to be optimized.

Key words: Lauraceae species, growth and physiological characteristics, nutrient accumulation characteristics, correlation analysis, membership analysis, comprehensive evaluation