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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 40-49.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0387

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

2017—2024年辽宁省花生登记品种主要性状演变分析

纪冰祎()   

  1. 辽宁省农业农村发展服务中心/辽宁省农业技术推广站, 沈阳 110032
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14 修回日期:2025-10-27 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 作者简介:

    纪冰祎,女,1991年出生,辽宁沈阳人,高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向:油料作物新品种、新技术示范及推广。通信地址:110032 辽宁省沈阳市皇姑区陵园街7-1号 辽宁省农业农村发展服务中心,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省财政专项项目“高油酸花生生产技术推广(示范基地建设)”(SHY20240420-20)

Evolution of Main Characteristics of Peanut Varieties Registered in Liaoning Province from 2017 to 2024

JI Bingyi()   

  1. Liaoning Agricultural and Rural Development Service Center/Liaoning Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Shenyang 110032
  • Received:2025-05-14 Revised:2025-10-27 Published:2026-01-25 Online:2026-01-22

摘要:

本研究旨在系统分析近年辽宁省花生登记品种的主要性状演变规律,以期为该地区花生的新品种选育与推广提供理论依据。本研究选取2017—2024年辽宁省登记的71个有效花生品种,针对品种类型、选育方式、主要表型、株型、产量及品质等多个性状,采用香农-维纳多样性指数和聚类分析等方法进行综合评价。研究表明,2017—2024年辽宁省共登记71个有效花生品种,其中66.2%为珍珠豆型,87.3%为杂交方式选育,78.9%的选育单位为科研院所。在表型性状上,品种主要呈直立型株型、椭圆形叶片、绿色叶色、普通形荚果和浅红色种皮;叶形和荚果形的变异幅度较大,株型的变异幅度最小,叶色性状的遗传多样性最为丰富。登记品种的株高与侧枝长年均值呈下降趋势,生育期、产量及品质性状相对稳定;对叶斑病、叶枯病和锈病多表现为中等抗性。通过聚类分析,在欧式距离为11时,将登记品种分为4个类群,分别作为矮小果仁饱满型、大果型、晚熟型及高油酸早熟型材料。该研究揭示了近年辽宁省花生登记品种的演变趋势,为辽宁省花生品种改良与高效利用提供理论依据。

关键词: 辽宁, 花生, 登记品种, 高油酸, 农艺性状, 聚类分析

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze the evolution of main traits of peanut registered varieties in Liaoning Province in recent years, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and promotion of new peanut varieties in this area. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation was carried out on 71 valid peanut varieties registered in Liaoning Province from 2017 to 2024. Multiple traits such as variety types, breeding methods, main phenotypes, plant types, yields, and qualities were evaluated by methods such as the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and cluster analysis. The study showed that from 2017 to 2024, a total of 71 valid peanut varieties were registered in Liaoning Province. 66.2% were pearl bean type, 87.3% were selected through hybridization and 78.9% of the selection units were scientific research institutes. In terms of phenotypic traits, the varieties were mainly upright in plant type, with elliptical leaves, green in color, ordinary pod shape, and light red seed coat; the leaf shape and pod shape had a large variation range, the plant type had the smallest variation range, and the leaf color trait had the richest genetic diversity. The average annual values of plant height and lateral branch length of the registered varieties showed a downward trend, and the growth period, yield, and quality traits were relatively stable; most of them showed moderate resistance to leaf spot, leaf blight, and rust. When the Euclidean distance was 11, the registered varieties were divided into four groups, which were materials of the dwarf type with plump kernels, large fruit type, late-maturing type, and early-maturing type with high oleic acid. This study revealed the evolution trend of the registered peanut varieties in Liaoning Province in recent years, which will provide a theoretical basis for the improvement and efficient utilization of peanut varieties in Liaoning Province.

Key words: Liaoning, peanuts, registered varieties, high oleic acid, agronomic traits, cluster analysis