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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 21-26.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0471

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

山东省不同年代花生品种产量及其构成因素的调查研究

王丽丽1(), 王月福2, 徐杰1, 司彤2, 李英科1, 江伟1   

  1. 1 威海市文登区农业农村局， 山东文登 264400
    2 青岛农业大学农学院， 山东青岛 266109
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-12 修回日期:2025-11-03 出版日期:2026-03-18 发布日期:2026-03-18
  • 作者简介:

    王丽丽，女，1979年出生，山东文登人，高级农艺师，硕士研究生，研究方向：花生优质高产栽培生理。通信地址：264400 山东省威海市文登区文山路66号 农业农村局，Tel：0631-8450751，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金“丛枝菌根真菌提高盐碱地花生产量品质的土壤微生态机制”(ZR2024QC059)

Investigation of Yield and its Constitution of Peanut Varieties Across Different Eras in Shandong Province

WANG Lili1(), WANG Yuefu2, XU Jie1, SI Tong2, LI Yingke1, JIANG Wei1   

  1. 1 Weihai Wendeng District Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Wendeng, Shandong 264400
    2 College of Agriculture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109
  • Received:2025-06-12 Revised:2025-11-03 Published:2026-03-18 Online:2026-03-18

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摘要：

针对山东省不同年代花生品种产量形成机制不明确，育种与栽培缺乏系统性理论支撑的问题，为解析品种产量及其构成因素的变化，以山东省20世纪60年代（‘栖霞老抱鸡’、‘姜格庄半蔓’）、80年代（‘海花一号’、‘白沙1016’）及当代（‘鲁花11’、‘花育22’、‘鲁花12’）的典型花生品种为材料，设置覆膜与露地2种栽培模式，系统测定生物产量、经济产量及关键构成因素及农艺性状。结果表明：（1）品种更替过程中，大果花生覆膜条件下当代品种经济产量较60年代提升24.70%，但生物产量下降了15.34%，增产核心为经济系数提升；露地条件下双产量协同增长。（2）小果花生在露地栽培下，当代品种生物产量、经济产量较80年代品种分别提升了17.82%和13.68%，覆膜下则呈下降趋势。（3）品种更替伴随株型紧凑化（主茎高、侧枝长降低）与结果集中化，经济系数大幅提升。综上所述，山东省花生品种增产途径随年代更替发生转变，大果花生依赖经济系数优化，小果花生露地栽培依赖生物产量与经济系数协同提升。未来可结合分子标记与生理机制，挖掘经济系数与生物产量协同提升的育种靶点，为高产优质花生育种提供支撑。

关键词: 花生, 品种更替, 生物产量, 经济系数, 产量构成因素, 覆膜栽培

Abstract:

This study aimed to solve the problems of unclear yield formation mechanism of peanut varieties in different eras in Shandong Province and the lack of systematic theoretical support for breeding and cultivation. In order to analyze the changes of variety yield and its components, the typical peanut varieties from Shandong Province, including those from the 1960s (‘Qixia Laobaoji’, ‘Jianggezhuang Banman’), 1980s (‘Haihua No.1’, ‘Baisha 1016’), and contemporary varieties (‘Luhua 11’, ‘Huayu 22’, ‘Luhua 12’) were used as materials, and two cultivation modes of film mulching and open field were set up. The biological yield, economic yield, key components and agronomic traits were systematically determined. The results demonstrated a shift in the yield improvement pathway of large-pod peanuts during varietal replacement: from the 1960s to the present, their biological yield under film mulching decreased by 15.34%, while economic yield significantly increased by 24.70%, primarily due to a substantial improvement in the economic coefficient. In contrast, small-pod peanuts exhibited synergistic growth in both biological and economic yields under open-field cultivation, with contemporary varieties showing increases of 17.82% and 13.68%, respectively, compared to the 1980s varieties. Peanut pod yield is closely associated with the characteristics of the aboveground parts, and the improvement in peanut yield results from the combined effects of biological yield and economic coefficient. In the future, molecular markers and physiological mechanisms can be combined to explore breeding targets for synergistic improvement of economic coefficient and biological yield, so as to provide support for high-yield and high-quality peanut breeding.

Key words: peanut, varietal replacement, biological yield, economic coefficient, yield components, film mulching cultivation