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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 23-29.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0551

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

采薹量对菜油两用油菜产量的影响

杨佳群1(), 王祥华2, 周志华3, 胡兵3, 任涛1, 鲁剑巍1()   

  1. 1 华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心， 武汉 430070
    2 沙洋县曾集镇农业技术服务中心， 湖北荆门 448267
    3 武穴市农业农村局， 湖北黄冈 435401
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-01 修回日期:2025-12-18 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-04-23
  • 通讯作者:
    鲁剑巍，男，1967年出生，湖北武穴人，教授，博士，主要从事作物营养与现代施肥技术方面的研究。通信地址：430070 湖北省武汉市洪山区华中农业大学资源与环境学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    杨佳群，女，2000年出生，四川绵阳人，博士研究生，研究方向：作物养分管理与施肥技术。通信地址：430070 湖北省武汉市洪山区华中农业大学资源与环境学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“长江中下游水旱轮作区中低产田障碍消减与产能提升综合模式与应用”(2023YFD1901100); 湖北省现代农业产业技术体系油菜产业体系“油菜抗逆施肥技术及肥料产品研制”(2023HBSTX4-03); 中央高校基本科研业务费“油菜轻简高效养分管理关键技术创新及应用”(2662020ZHPY005)

Effects of Bolting Yield on Yield of Vegetable and Oilseed Dual Purpose Rape

YANG Jiaqun1(), WANG Xianghua2, ZHOU Zhihua3, HU Bing3, REN Tao1, LU Jianwei1()   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/ Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
    2 Zengji Town Agricultural Technology Service Center, Shayang County, Jingmen, Hubei 448267
    3 Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huanggang, Hubei 435401
  • Received:2025-07-01 Revised:2025-12-18 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-04-23

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摘要：

为明确菜油两用油菜高产高效的采薹量提供理论依据，本研究探究了采薹量与籽粒产量的关系，旨在确定适宜采薹量。2024—2025年在湖北省武穴市和沙洋县布置田间试验，采用梯度控制法设置0（不采薹）~7.50 t/hm2共11个采薹量处理，分析油菜薹生物量、油菜籽产量、收获指数及籽粒产量构成因子等相关指标的响应规律。结果表明，籽粒产量随着采薹量增加呈小幅升高后持续下降的趋势。当采薹量为0.75 t/hm2时，武穴和沙洋试验点产量达到峰值，分别为3269 kg/hm2和3095 kg/hm2，较不采薹处理增产5.3%和3.8%。而当采薹量超过4.50 t/hm2后，油菜籽产量分别较不采薹处理下降13.8%~43.9%和11.3%~43.5%，主要原因是单株角果数的减少，两试验点分别平均减少35.7%和34.3%。籽粒产量构成分析显示，单株角果数是影响产量的最主要因子，两点的相对贡献率分别达46.3%和42.9%，其次是收获密度（分别为24.8%和31.3%）和每角粒数（分别为20.2%和16.2%），千粒重贡献最小。通过建立采薹量与油菜籽产量的一元二次方程模型，确定两点不影响油菜籽产量的采薹量阈值分别为1.76 t/hm2和2.18 t/hm2，而兼顾经济效益及籽粒丰产（达到不采薹产量的90%）的采薹量阈值分别为4.02 t/hm2和 4.27 t/hm2。研究结果说明，菜油两用油菜在采薹量为2 t/hm2左右时对油菜籽产量基本没有影响，兼顾经济效益与籽粒丰产的采薹量应控制在4 t/hm2以内。建议生产中，种植户应根据目标产量、菜薹市场价格以及劳动力成本等因素，选择适宜采薹量。

关键词: 油菜, 菜油两用, 采薹量, 产量, 产量构成因子

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between bolting yield and seed yield in vegetable and oilseed dual purpose rape, determine the optimal bolting harvest level, and establish efficient agronomic practices for dual purpose rape. Field experiments were conducted during 2024-2025 in Wuxue City and Shayang County, Hubei Province. A gradient control method was used, with 11 treatments of bolting yield levels ranging from 0 (no bolting yield) to 7.50 t/hm2. The response patterns of key indicators were analyzed, including bolting biomass, seed yield, harvest index, and seed yield components. The results showed that seed yield initially increased slightly but subsequently declined continuously with increasing bolting yield. When the bolting yield was 0.75 t/hm2, seed yields peaked at 3269 kg/hm2 in Wuxue and 3095 kg/hm2 in Shayang, which were increased by 5.3% and 3.8%, respectively, compared to the non-harvested control. However, when bolting yield exceeded 4.50 t/hm2, seed yields decreased by 13.8%-43.9% in Wuxue and 11.3%-43.5% in Shayang compared to the control. The primary reason was a reduction in pods per plant which decreased by an average of 35.7% and 34.3% at the two sites, respectively. Yield component analysis revealed that pods per plant was the dominant factor influencing seed yield, with relative contribution rates of 46.3% (Wuxue) and 42.9% (Shayang), followed by plant density (24.8% and 31.3%) and seeds per pod (20.2% and 16.2%), while 1000-seed weight had minimal impact. Quadratic regression models between bolting yield and seed yield identified two critical thresholds: a yield-neutral bolting yield threshold (1.76 t/hm2 for Wuxue and 2.18 t/hm2 for Shayang), below which seed yield remained unaffected, and an economically optimal threshold (4.02 t/hm2 for Wuxue and 4.27 t/hm2 for Shayang) that balanced economic benefits with seed yield (achieving 90% of non-harvested yield). These findings suggest that a bolting yield of approximately 2 t/hm2 maximizes dual-purpose productivity without compromising seed yield, and bolting yield should be controlled below 4t/hm2 to balance economic returns and seed production. Field practices should select appropriate bolting yields based on targeted seed yield goals and economic priorities.

Key words: oilseed rape, vegetable and oilseed dual purpose rape, bolting yield, yield, yield components

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