干燥方式对茶叶代谢物检测效率的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0682

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (13): 179-188.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0682

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇下一篇

干燥方式对茶叶代谢物检测效率的影响

任雨嘉¹(), 冯健², 高大伟¹, 张小亮¹, 闻玮玮¹(), 姜晓辉³()

¹ 华中农业大学果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室，武汉 430070
² 镇沅彝族哈尼族拉祜族自治县林业科技推广中心，云南普洱 666599
³ 梧州学院食品与制药工程学院/六堡茶现代产业学院，广西梧州 543002

收稿日期:2025-08-12 修回日期:2026-04-08 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-09
通讯作者:
闻玮玮，女，1982年出生，湖北咸宁人，教授，博士，主要从事茶树种质资源与遗传改良研究。通信地址：430070 湖北武汉洪山区狮子山1号华中农业大学果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室，Tel：027-87282010，E-mail：wwwen@mail.hzau.edu.cn。
姜晓辉，男，1986年出生，山东青岛人，副研究员，博士，主要从事茶树次生代谢的遗传调控研究。通信地址：543002 广西梧州市富民三路82号梧州学院食品与制药工程学院/六堡茶现代产业学院，Tel：0774-2032619，E-mail：jiangxiaohui_tea@163.com。
作者简介:
任雨嘉，女，2000年出生，山东临沂人，硕士研究生，研究方向为茶树类黄酮糖基化的遗传调控。通信地址：430070 湖北武汉洪山区狮子山1号华中农业大学果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室，Tel：027-87282010，E-mail：ryj0201@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“茶风味品质与抗性形成的分子基础”(2022YFF1003103); 梧州学院科研启动经费“广西特色茶树种质次生代谢的遗传调控”(WZUQDJJ202530493)

Effects of Drying Methods on Detection Efficiency of Tea Metabolites

REN Yujia¹(), FENG Jian², GAO Dawei¹, ZHANG Xiaoliang¹, WEN Weiwei¹(), JIANG Xiaohui³()

¹ National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
² Zhenyuan Yi, Hani and Lahu Autonomous County Forestry Science and Technology Extension Center, Pu’er, Yunnan 666599
³ Liupao Tea Modern Industry College/ School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou, Guangxi 543002

Received:2025-08-12 Revised:2026-04-08 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-07-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为筛选适宜茶叶非靶向代谢组学的高效干燥方法，以‘小叶1号’‘肉桂’‘海南大叶1号’3个茶树种质资源为材料，采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry，UHPLC-MS)，比较真空冷冻干燥、烘干干燥对代谢物定性与定量的影响，分析不同类别代谢物与不同品种的稳定性差异。研究结果表明，在正负离子检测模式下，共检测到3327种代谢物的离子峰，分属8大类，这些代谢物主要为多酚、生物碱、氨基酸及其衍生物、羧酸及其衍生物、芳香族化合物、糖及糖苷等；不同的干燥方式对代谢物测定结果产生了显著影响。‘小叶1号’‘海南大叶1号’在真空冷冻干燥后的代谢物测定结果与鲜叶更为接近，而‘肉桂’在烘干处理后的代谢物测定结果与鲜叶更为接近；类黄酮、氨基酸及其衍生物、芳香族化合物这3类代谢物在不同干燥条件下的含量相对稳定，其他多酚、生物碱、糖及糖苷、羧酸及其衍生物受干燥方式影响显著。研究明确了茶叶代谢组学干燥方法选择依据，建议大批量样品优先选用烘干干燥，精准定量优先选用真空冷冻干燥，并根据目标代谢物与品种特性灵活选择。

关键词: 茶叶, 非靶向代谢组学, 超高效液相色谱-质谱联用, 烘干干燥, 真空冷冻干燥, 代谢物稳定性, UHPLCMS

Abstract:

To elucidate the influence of various drying methods on the metabolite profiling of fresh tea leaves, Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ‘Xiaoye 1’, C. sinensis var. sinensis ‘Rougui’ and C. sinensis var. assamica ‘Hainandaye 1’ were employed as research subjects. The study findings provided a scientific basis for selecting appropriate drying methods in tea metabolite analysis. Utilizing a non-targeted metabolomics approach facilitated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS), the metabolites in tea samples subjected to vacuum freeze-drying and oven-drying were both qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. Subsequent analysis revealed disparities in their relative content. In both positive and negative ion detection modes, 3327 distinct metabolite ion peaks were identified, encompassing categories such as polyphenols, alkaloids, amino acids and their derivatives, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, aromatic compounds, sugars, glycosides, and others. Notably, the drying method employed significantly affected the metabolite content determination. For Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ‘Xiaoye 1’ and C. sinensis var. assamica ‘Hainandaye 1’, the vacuum freeze-drying method yielded results more consistent with fresh leaves, whereas for Camellia sinensis var. sinensis ‘Rougui’, oven-drying proved to be more similar. Further analysis revealed that the contents of flavonoids, amino acids and their derivatives, and aromatic substances remained relatively stable across different drying conditions. The contents of flavonoids, amino acids and their derivatives, and aromatic compounds were relatively stable under different drying conditions. Other polyphenols, alkaloids, sugars and glycosides, carboxylic acids and their derivatives were significantly affected by drying methods. The study clarified the basis for the selection of tea metabolomics drying methods. It was suggested that oven-drying should be preferred for large quantities of samples, vacuum freeze-drying should be preferred for accurate quantification, and flexible selection should be made according to the characteristics of target metabolites and varieties.

Key words: tea, non-targeted metabolomics, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, oven-drying, vacuum freeze-drying, metabolite stability, UHPLCMS

中图分类号:

S571.1

任雨嘉, 冯健, 高大伟, 张小亮, 闻玮玮, 姜晓辉. 干燥方式对茶叶代谢物检测效率的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(13): 179-188.

REN Yujia, FENG Jian, GAO Dawei, ZHANG Xiaoliang, WEN Weiwei, JIANG Xiaohui. Effects of Drying Methods on Detection Efficiency of Tea Metabolites[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(13): 179-188.

图/表 4

图1. 不同干燥方式下茶鲜叶代谢物分布特征 A.代谢物分类饼图；B.PCA得分图；C.代谢物测定结果的聚类热图

图2. 8类代谢物在不同干燥方式下PCA分析结果的差异

图3. 不同干燥方式下生物碱测定结果的聚类热图

图4. 不同干燥方式与鲜叶代谢物测定结果差异倍数统计

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干燥方式对茶叶代谢物检测效率的影响

Effects of Drying Methods on Detection Efficiency of Tea Metabolites

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