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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 84-88.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0220

所属专题： 园艺

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

长期不同施肥对茶园土壤pH、茶叶产量可持续性和品质的影响

王金林1(), 闻禄1(), 陈平2, 张德全1, 田永1, 曾婕1, 杨峥1   

  1. 1普洱市土壤肥料工作站,云南普洱 665000
    2思茅区茶叶和特色生物产业局,云南普洱 665000
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-29 修回日期:2020-10-14 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2021-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 闻禄
  • 作者简介:王金林,男,1986年出生,安徽安庆人,农艺师,硕士,研究方向：土壤肥料推广研究。通信地址：665000 云南省普洱市思茅区北部行政中心莲花路普洱市土壤肥料工作站,Tel：0879-2124301,E-mail： jinlin9797@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    农业农村部果菜茶有机肥替代化肥行动“思茅区2017年茶叶有机肥替代化肥示范县项目”(2017SM0125);2019年云南省粮食生产专项“2019年普洱市化肥减量增效项目”(2130135)

Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Soil pH, Yield Sustainability and Quality of Tea

Wang Jinlin1(), Wen Lu1(), Chen Ping2, Zhang Dequan1, Tian Yong1, Zeng Jie1, Yang Zheng1   

  1. 1Soil Fertilizer Workstation of Pu’er, Pu’er Yunnan 665000
    2Tea and Special Biological Industry Bureau of Simao, Pu’er Yunnan 665000
  • Received:2020-06-29 Revised:2020-10-14 Online:2021-03-15 Published:2021-03-16
  • Contact: Wen Lu

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摘要：

探索长期不同施肥模式下茶园土壤pH、茶叶产量和品质的变化及其影响因素,为茶叶的生产发展提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）长期不施肥,土壤pH稳定;产量前5年稳定,之后逐年下降,14后年产量仅为99.6 kg/hm2。（2）长期单施化肥,A层土壤pH降为pH 4.30,降低了0.30个单位,超出了茶树生长的最适范围pH 4.5~5.5;平均产量高于其他处理;咖啡碱含量显著高于其他处理。（3）长期单施有机肥,A、B层土壤分别为pH 6.14和pH 5.52,升高了1.54、0.83个单位,超出了最适范围;产量低于NPKM和NPK处理。（4）长期化肥配施有机肥,土壤pH基本稳定,在最适范围内;产量可持续性指数最高,较NPK、M、CK分别高出15.3%、48.8%、280.8%;春茶和秋茶总氨基酸含量均为最高,且显著高于M和CK,春茶的儿茶素较NPK、M和CK分别高2.2%、1.8%、32.%。上述结果表明,化肥配施有机肥,稳定了茶园土壤pH,保证了产量的可持续性,提高了茶叶的儿茶素、咖啡碱和总氨基酸含量,是普洱地区茶叶绿色发展值得推荐的施肥方式。

关键词: 茶叶, 土壤环境, 产量可持续性, 茶叶品质, 绿色发展

Abstract:

The study aims to explore the changes of soil pH, yield and quality of tea under different fertilization patterns and their influencing factors, and provide a scientific basis for the development of tea industry. The results showed that: (1) the pH of soil was stable without fertilization for a long time; the output was stable for the first 5 years, and then decreased year by year; the annual output after 14 years was only 99.6 kg/hm2; (2) after the long-term application of chemical fertilizer alone, the pH of soil in layer A decreased to 4.30, by 0.30 unit, and higher than the optimal range of tea tree growth of pH 4.5-5.5, the average yield was higher than that of other treatments, the theine content was significantly higher than that of other treatments; (3) after the long-term application of organic fertilizer alone, the pH of A and B layer was 6.14 and 5.52, respectively, increased by 1.54 and 0.83 units, which exceeded the optimal range, the yield was lower than that of NPKM and NPK treatment; (4) under the long-term chemical fertilizer application combined with organic fertilizer, soil pH was basically stable in the optimal range; the yield sustainability index was the highest, which was 15.3% higher than that of NPK, 48.8% higher than that of M and 280.8% higher than that of CK; the total amino acid content of spring tea and autumn tea was the highest and significantly higher than that of M and CK. The catechin content of spring tea was 2.2%, 1.8% and 32% higher than that of NPK, M and CK, respectively. The above results showed that fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer could stabilize the pH of tea garden soil, ensure the sustainability of yield, and increase the content of catechin, caffeine and total amino acid of tea leaves, which is a recommended fertilization pattern for green development of tea industry in Pu 'er area.

Key words: tea, soil environment, SYI, quality of tea, green development

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