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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (25): 134-143.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0079

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

龙眼果皮和种子的非靶向代谢组学分析、抗氧化和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

吴文娟(), 吕伯龙()   

  1. 国检测试控股集团(安徽)拓维检测服务有限公司,安徽宣城 242000
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-06 修回日期:2025-05-14 出版日期:2025-09-05 发布日期:2025-09-16
  • 通讯作者:
    吕伯龙,男,1989年出生,河南洛阳人,工程师,学士,研究方向:食品质量检测。通信地址:242000 安徽省宣城市经济技术开发区日新路18号 国检拓维,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    吴文娟,女,1990年出生,工程师,本科,研究方向:食品质量检测。通信地址:242000 安徽省宣城市经济技术开发区日新路18号 国检拓维,E-mail:

Non-targeted Metabolomics Analysis Combined with Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Evaluation of Longan Pericarp and Seeds

WU Wenjuan(), LYU Bolong()   

  1. CTC (Anhui) Topway Testing Service Co., Ltd., Xuancheng, Anhui 242000
  • Received:2025-02-06 Revised:2025-05-14 Published:2025-09-05 Online:2025-09-16

摘要:

本研究剖析龙眼(Dimocarpus longa)果皮与种子在化学成分层面的差异,并对其抗氧化活性以及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性开展评估,以期为龙眼副产物的高值化利用提供理论支撑。研究以龙眼果皮和种子为研究对象,借助超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS)技术开展非靶向代谢组学分析,同时进行抗氧化及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的评价。经分析鉴定,共识别出117种化合物,具体涵盖生物碱类(31种)、有机酸类(26种)、黄酮类(19种)以及多酚类(13种)。从成分分布来看,龙眼果皮中黄酮类和多酚类成分的种类相较于种子更为丰富,而种子则特异性地富集长链脂肪酸衍生物及酯类。体外活性评价结果显示,龙眼果皮甲醇提取物展现出更为优异的抗氧化能力(DPPH为(86.65±4.28) μmol TE/g,ABTS为(325.92±13.85) μmol TE/g)及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性(IC50为(22.155±0.136) μg/mL),显著优于种子提取物。这一现象可能与果皮中富含黄酮、多酚类成分密切相关。本研究不仅揭示了龙眼果皮作为天然抗氧化剂及降糖功能成分的开发潜力,也可为龙眼副产物的高值转化以及功能性产品的开发提供参考。

关键词: 龙眼果皮, 龙眼种子, 非靶向代谢组学, 抗氧化活性, α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性, UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS

Abstract:

This study aimed to analyze the differences of chemical composition between pericarp and seed of longan (Dimocarpus longan), to evaluate their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, thus providing a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of longan by-products. Using the pericarp and seeds of longan as raw materials, non-targeted metabolomics analysis was performed utilizing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS) technology, and their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were evaluated. A total of 117 compounds were identified, comprising alkaloids (31 types), organic acids (26 types), flavonoids (19 types), and polyphenols (13 types). The number of flavonoid and polyphenol components was higher in the pericarp than in the seed, while the seed specifically enriched long-chain fatty acid derivatives and esters. In vitro activity evaluation showed that the methanol extract of the pericarp exhibited significantly superior antioxidant capacity [DPPH: (86.65 ± 4.28) μmol TE/g; ABTS: (325.92 ± 13.85) μmol TE/g] and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity [IC50: (22.155 ± 0.136) μg/mL] compared to that of the seed, which might be associated with the pericarp's rich content of flavonoids and polyphenols. This study reveals the potential of longan pericarp for development as a natural antioxidant and antidiabetic functional ingredient, laying a foundation for the high-value transformation of longan by-products and the development of functional products.

Key words: longan pericarp, longan seed, non-targeted metabolomics, antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS