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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (17): 11-22.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0130

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于主成分和聚类分析的黄淮海麦区60个冬小麦品种筛选

刘雪峰1(), 信海峰2, 黄亚东2, 王红梅2, 吕继龙3, 李平芳2()   

  1. 1 郸城县农业农村局， 河南郸城 477150
    2 郸城县农业科学研究所， 河南郸城 477150
    3 河南周口国家农业高新技术产业示范区， 河南周口 466000
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-23 修回日期:2026-08-08 出版日期:2026-09-09 发布日期:2026-09-09
  • 通讯作者:
    李平芳，男，1967年出生，河南郸城人，研究员，本科，主要从事农业技术开发与推广方面的研究。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘雪峰，男，1976年出生，河南郸城人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事农业技术推广方面的研究。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技研发计划联合基金（产业类）“优质专用小麦新品种‘郑麦7698’、‘郑麦1860’绿色优质高效抗逆保优技术研发与应用”(225101610070)

Screening of 60 Winter Wheat Varieties in Huanghuaihai Wheat Region Based on Principal Component and Cluster Analysis

LIU Xuefeng1(), XIN Haifeng2, HUANG Yadong2, WANG Hongmei2, LYU Jilong3, LI Pingfang2()   

  1. 1 Dancheng County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Dancheng, Henan 477150
    2 Dancheng County Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Dancheng, Henan 477150
    3 Zhoukou National Agricultural High-tech Industry Demonstration Zone, Zhoukou, Henan 466000
  • Received:2026-01-23 Revised:2026-08-08 Published:2026-09-09 Online:2026-09-09

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摘要：

为筛选适宜黄淮海麦区种植的优异冬小麦品种，本研究以60个冬小麦品种为试验材料，测定生育期、群体结构、产量构成及抗逆性等12项性状指标，采用主成分分析与聚类分析进行综合评价。结果表明，12项性状均存在显著差异，变异系数为1.4%~28.3%；产量与全生育期、最高分蘖、抽穗天数等呈极显著正相关，与综合抗病指数呈极显著负相关。通过主成分分析提取的5个主成分，其累积贡献率达77.517%，构建的综合评价模型可有效量化品种综合表现；综合得分前10名的品种，其平均产量达到11737.8 kg/hm2，比对照‘周麦36号’增产11.2%，可作为豫东麦区重点推广或高产攻关的核心品种。聚类分析将60个品种分为3个类群，明确了各类群的应用场景，其中Ⅰ类群中18个品种综合表现最优。本研究结果可为黄淮海麦区小麦品种的区域布局、生产应用及育种改良提供理论依据和实践指导。

关键词: 冬小麦, 品种筛选, 主成分分析, 聚类分析, 农艺性状, 综合评价

Abstract:

To screen excellent winter wheat varieties suitable for planting in the Huang-Huai-Hai Wheat Region, 60 winter wheat varieties were used as experimental materials, and 12 trait indicators such as growth period, population structure, yield components and stress resistance were determined. Comprehensive evaluation was conducted by adopting principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences among the 12 traits, with the coefficient of variation ranging from 1.4% to 28.3%. Yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with the whole growth period, maximum tiller number and heading days, while extremely significantly negatively correlated with the comprehensive disease resistance index. Five extracted principal components accounted for a cumulative contribution rate of 77.517%, and the constructed comprehensive evaluation model could effectively quantify the comprehensive performance of varieties. The top 10 varieties in comprehensive score had an average yield of 11737.8 kg/hm2, which was 11.2% higher than that of ‘Zhoumai 36’ (control), and these varieties could be used as core varieties for key promotion or high-yield research in the Eastern Henan Wheat Region. Cluster analysis divided the 60 varieties into 3 groups, among which 18 varieties in group Ⅰ showed the best comprehensive performance, and the application scenarios of each group were clarified. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the regional layout, production selection and breeding improvement of wheat varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai Wheat Region.

Key words: winter wheat, cultivar screening, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, agronomic traits, comprehensive evaluation

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