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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (20): 80-87.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0033

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

硅肥对镉胁迫下小麦幼苗的缓解效应及其生理机制

刘雅彪1,2(), 郑福权1,2, 张影1,2, 王菲1,2, 费立伟1,2(), 刘润强1,2()   

  1. 1 河南科技学院植物保护与环境学院/小麦玉米两熟高效生产全国重点实验室， 河南新乡 453003
    2 河南科技学院百泉现代农业研究院， 河南新乡 453003
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-07 修回日期:2026-06-30 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-26
  • 通讯作者:
    费立伟，男，1994年出生，山东德州人，讲师，博士，主要从事养分管理与作物生理生态研究。通信地址：453003 河南省新乡市红旗区华兰大道 河南科技学院植物保护与环境学院，Tel：0373-3040947，E-mail：；
    刘润强，男，1983年出生，河南许昌人，二级教授，博士，主要从事作物高效生产研究。通信地址：453003 河南省新乡市红旗区华兰大道 河南科技学院植物保护与环境学院，Tel：0373-3040947，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘雅彪，男，2002年出生，河北保定人，硕士在读，研究方向：作物重金属胁迫生理与调控技术。通信地址：453003 河南省新乡市红旗区华兰大道 河南科技学院植物保护与环境学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国博士后科学基金“基于作物-土壤-微生物互作的冬小麦氮肥减施增效机理与技术优化研究”(2025M782485); 河南省科技攻关项目“基于载体优化的高效炭基解磷菌肥的研制与应用”(232102110017)

Alleviating Effect of Silicon Fertilizer on Wheat Seedlings Under Cadmium Stress and Its Physiological Mechanism

LIU Yabiao1,2(), ZHENG Fuquan1,2, ZHANG Ying1,2, WANG Fei1,2, FEI Liwei1,2(), LIU Runqiang1,2()   

  1. 1 College of Plant Protection and Environment/ State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Production of Wheat-Maize Double Cropping, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003
    2 Baiquan Modern Agricultural Research Institute, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003
  • Received:2026-01-07 Revised:2026-06-30 Published:2026-10-25 Online:2026-10-26

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摘要：

镉(Cd)在小麦中的积累及其向食物链的转移是一个全球性的重大环境问题。为明确硅肥缓解小麦镉毒害的生理机制，以小麦品种‘百农607’为材料，采用水培方法，设置对照(CK)、镉处理(Cd, 44.4 µmol/L)、硅处理(Si, 1 mmol/L)及硅镉复合处理(Si+Cd, 1 mmol/L Si+44.4 µmol/L Cd)，研究硅对镉胁迫下小麦幼苗生长、根系发育、镉积累与抗氧化系统的缓解效应。结果表明，与CK相比，Cd处理显著抑制小麦幼苗生长，小麦幼苗株高、鲜重、干重、根表面积和根体积分别降低4.3%、26.5%、42.9%、27.4%和35.4%。与Cd处理相比，Si+Cd处理可显著缓解镉毒害，小麦鲜重、干重、根长、根表面积和根体积分别提高29.2%、37.5%、18.4%、26.8%和37.5%；同时，与Cd处理相比，Si+Cd处理显著改变镉在植株体内的分布：地上部茎和叶中镉含量分别降低3.3%和18.4%，而根部镉固持增加15.7%，降低镉由根向地上部的转运系数。此外，与Cd处理相比，Si+Cd显著降低镉胁迫引起的根系丙二醛(MDA)含量（降幅27.5%），调节过氧化物酶(POD)活性，有效减轻氧化损伤。综上，施加硅肥可通过促进根系发育、抑制镉向上转运以及增强抗氧化防御系统，有效缓解小麦幼苗的镉胁迫。本研究结果可为在中度和轻度镉污染土壤上，通过施用硅肥来减轻或缓解小麦伤害，保障小麦安全生产提供理论依据和技术指导。

关键词: 小麦幼苗, 镉胁迫, 硅, 根系特征, 抗氧化酶活性

Abstract:

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in wheat and its transfer into the food chain represent a major global environmental concern. To clarify the physiological mechanism by which silicon (Si) fertilizer alleviates cadmium toxicity in wheat, the paper used the wheat variety ‘Bainong 607’ and conducted a hydroponic experiment. 4 treatments were set up, including control (CK), Cd treatment (Cd, 44.4 µmol/L), Si treatment (Si, 1 mmol/L), and combined Si and Cd treatment (Si+Cd, 1 mmol/L Si+44.4 µmol/L Cd), to investigate the alleviating effects of Si on seedlings growth, root development, Cd accumulation, and the antioxidant system under Cd stress. The results showed that compared with CK, Cd treatment significantly inhibited wheat seedling growth, reducing plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, root surface area, and root volume by 4.3%, 26.5%, 42.9%, 27.4%, and 35.4%, respectively. Compared with Cd treatment, Si+Cd treatment significantly alleviated Cd toxicity, increasing fresh weight, dry weight, root length, root surface area, and root volume by 29.2%, 37.5%, 18.4%, 26.8%, and 37.5%, respectively; meanwhile, Si+Cd treatment significantly altered the Cd distribution in wheat seedlings: the Cd content in the aboveground stems and leaves decreased by 3.3% and 18.4%, respectively, while the Cd retention in the roots increased by 15.7%, reducing the Cd translocation factor from the roots to the aboveground parts. Furthermore, compared with Cd treatment, Si+Cd treatment significantly reduced root malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 27.5% and regulated peroxidase (POD) activity, effectively mitigating oxidative damage. In conclusion, Si application can effectively alleviate Cd stress in wheat seedlings by promoting root development, inhibiting Cd upward transport, and enhancing the antioxidant defense system. These findings provide a theoretical basis for using Si fertilizer to reduce Cd-induced harm and ensure safe wheat production in soils moderately and lightly contaminated with Cd.

Key words: wheat seedlings, cadmium stress, silicon, root characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activity

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