Abstract: During the Warring States Period, all the states were striving for hegemony. Agricultural became the foundation of a state. By comparing the characteristics of agriculture between the Qin and the Zhao and analyzing the effect the agricultural civilization had on the two states at the battle of Changping, we can conclude that in the competition for economic strength and overall national strength, it's not as simple as that Zhao Kuo's armchair strategy determined the victory or defeat. However, with special historical and geographical factors and the different purposes of land ownership between the two states, the gap between agricultural civilization led to the Qin's defeat of the Zhao at the battle of Changping and even the inevitable outcome of the Qin annexing the Zhao.