Abstract: The effects of tobacco no-tillage cultivating and conventional cultivation on the tobacco planting soil physical and chemical properties and root growth were compared in the research. The result of no-tillage cultivating treatment showed that the soil arable layer were shallow. The soil arable layer bulk density of treatment A was appreciably increased, while other treatments were almost same. The contents of soil pH, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, slowly available potassium had little difference among all treatments. The soil microorganism had certain differences among all treatments, but the effects of the activity of soil enzyme were less. Compared with conventional cultivation, the tobacco root range of no-tillage cultivating of treatment A were appreciably wider, and the distribution were shallow, and the main root were shorter, but the lateral root number and fresh and dry weight were appreciably increased. Compared with conventional cultivation, the tobacco root range of no-tillage cultivating of treatment B were resemble and the lateral root number and fresh and dry weight were appreciably increased.