Abstract: 38 listed agricultural companies were selected to evaluate their operation performance in 2008 to 2012 with the method of factor analysis, and their influence factors scores and ranking of operation performance were calculated, as well as their synthetic scores and ranking of operation performance. According to the results, we found that the operation performance of Chinese listed agricultural companies was not well and there was a phenomenon of deviating from agriculture. If listed agricultural companies wanted to change this situation, they should improve their own operational capacity and growth ability through adjusting the internal structure. Simultaneously, they should improve the ability to deal with debt risk.