Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.5 Published:15 February 2014

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  Research in the Wisdom of Yi Biodiversity of Traditional Animal Husbandry 2014, 30 (5):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2083 Abstract + ( 1086 )   PDF ( 585205KB )   ( 1035 ) On the foundation of concept of Yi biodiversity analysis, the paper summarized the Yi’s Animal husbandry and its biodiversity principle, method and technology. The natural biodiversity influenced the Yi People's knowledge of nature. Yi believed that diversity’s existence could meet the different needs of people, and an ideal world should have a diversity of environment, plant and animal. Due to different animals with different function of production and ecological, diversity animal husbandry satisfied a variety of production and living needs of Yi. Yi diversity husbandry has been sustained depending on the environment and plant diversity, restoration of grassland vegetation by seasonal grazing, grass burning and other measures. Forest trees and agricultural by-products have been utilized to meet the insufficient supply for animal feed. More labor has been saved using a variety of pastures. Yi people obtained the fine variety of livestock & poultry while maintaining the diversity of natural animals through mating between livestock and wild animals, and different livestock in pasturing, and using the supplementary role in breeding provided by different animals. Modern animal husbandry should draw lessons from the wisdom of Yi biodiversity of traditional animal husbandry. On the present development and protection measures basis, the modern animal husbandry should remodel the natural concept on the relationship of biological diversity and human survival，develop animal husbandry technologies to suit the environment and agricultural production, increase the income of husbandry and farming by exploiting the diverse livestock & poultry ecological and productive values to realize a harmonious development on animal husbandry of the production and ecological service.

  Study of Effects of EM and Cellulose on the Quality of Corn Straw Silage of Chongqing Alpine Regions 2014, 30 (5):  9-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1740 Abstract + ( 852 )   PDF ( 504153KB )   ( 394 ) The resources of corn straw were rich in Chongqing Alpine Regions, but many were burned, resulting in a waste of resources. Fermentation could take advantage of existing straw fermented into rich in protein, vitamins and inorganic salts silage. Silage additive had now been widely applied in straw silage. In order to study the effects of different microbial preparations on the quality of corn straw silage, corn straw of Chongqing Alpine Regions carried out fermentation of silage by adding different percentages of formic acid, EM fungi and cellulase. The results showed that during the fermentation process of corn silage, adding formic acid, EM fungi and cellulase could improve and increase the quality and nutrient value of silage. The effects of 3 mL/kg formic acid and EM fungi+cellulase were the best, obtaining good silage corn stalks, improving the quality of silage fermentation. pH values were 4.33, 4.28, lactic acid contents were 3.27% , 4.06% , crude protein contents were 2.99% , 2.34% , and the sensory evaluation of silage were excellent. Both treatment methods could available to the ideal corn stalk silage, improving the fermentation of corn stalk silage quality, being used as a basis for silage corn stalks in Chongqing Alpine Regions.

  Effects of Different Addition Levels of Fructooligosaccharide on Milk Yield, Milk Ingredient and Immune Indices of Dairy Goat 2014, 30 (5):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1990 Abstract + ( 943 )   PDF ( 527352KB )   ( 534 ) The experiment was conducted to study the effects of Fructooligosaccharide on milk yield, milk ingredient and immune indices in dairy goat, 16 healthy dairy goats in peak milk production with an average weight (48.24±3.45) kg, were randomly allocated to 4 experimental groups with 4 replicates. All treatment groups were fed Fructooligosaccharide in the basal diet composed of 0 g/d(CT), 10 g/d (groupⅠ), 15 g/d (groupⅡ), 20 g/d (groupⅢ) (Effective content). The trial lasted for 70 days, including 14 days of pre-test period and formal trial period 56 days. The results shows that: (1)Compared with control group, groupⅡhad a significant difference in average milk yield gain (P＜0.05), (2)There is no significant differences among groups for milk ingredient (P＞0.05). (3)The levels of IgA, IgM and IgG in groupⅡand groupⅢhad a significant difference (P＜0.05) compare with control group, but differences between them were not significant (P＞0.05). The best effect for the milk yield and immune indices of dairy goat was levels of 15 g/d.

  Effects of Various Nitrogenous Compounds on Seed Germination of Medicago sativa L. under NaCl Stress Wang Dahao Wang Xu Tang Jiao Chen Yimin 2014, 30 (5):  19-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0923 Abstract + ( 734 )   PDF ( 663524KB )   ( 581 ) The present study explored the effect of nitrogenous compounds on seed germination and recovery of Medicago sativa L. under NaCl stress. Six nitrogenous compounds were applied, each at eight concentrations. Seed germination percentage was determined. The results indicated that none of the nitrogenous compounds could alleviate the inhibitory effect of 250 mmol/L NaCl on seed germination of M. sativa. When salt stress was relieved, treatments at lower concentrations (0.625-10 mmol/L) showed higher recovery germination, near or above the control level, suggesting the possibility of nitrogenous compounds (nitrogen fertilizers) coexisting with NaCl. Treatments at higher concentrations (20-80 mmol /L) were divided into two distinct groups: KNO3, NaNO3 and (NH4)2HPO4 treatments had lower recovery germination, especially little recovery for 80 mmol/L treatments, whereas NH4Cl, NH4NO3 and NH4H2PO4 had higher recovery germination. These results implied that stress effect of salt was closely associated with pH, and alkaline was a priority for improving M. sativa production in saline-alkali soil.

  Screening Biofilm and Determination Growth Biofilm of Curve in Escherichia coli 2014, 30 (5):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1796 Abstract + ( 1432 )   PDF ( 686499KB )   ( 830 ) The biofilm explored the formation process of E. coli in the calf diarrhea. The experiment used the 96-well micro plate method screened and counted biofilm in 60 strains in E. coli from calf diarrhea fecal which were separated and identified in laboratory. The results showed that get nine positive biofilms in E. coli and determined the positive biofilm growth curve in E. coli. The test concluded and known the biofilm formation period contained four stages: initial adhesion, adhesion, mature biofilm and shedding processes, and then in different biofilm formation process varied in E. coli. The experiment was aimed of providing a new theoretical basis for the treatment against calves diarrhea in clinical.

  Effects of Different Dosing Ratio Compost Materials on Cow Manure Composting Process 2014, 30 (5):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1862 Abstract + ( 900 )   PDF ( 630781KB )   ( 483 ) In order to improve the processing efficiency of cow manure, composting test used cow manure as basic raw material. The dynamic variation rule of each parameter in the mixed system which contained chicken manure, pig manure, biogas residue, humus and cow manure was discussed. By the analysis of parameters, the effects of chicken manure, pig manure, biogas residue, and humus on cow manure composting process were explored .The results showed that: the effects of cow manure and chicken manure, pig manure on the processing efficiency of cow manure were superior to the other treatments. The temperature of the compost was increased rapidly at the temperature-rise period by cow manure and chicken manure and pig manure, and the high temperature phase could last long, while the low temperature phase was short. In addition, the humic acid, total nitrogen content of the two treatments was higher than the other treatments. Therefore, the two treatments could meet the standard of organic fertilizer.

  Canonical Correlation Analysis between Body Measurements and Slaughter Performance in Leizhou Black Ducks 2014, 30 (5):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1925 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 550849KB )   ( 484 ) In order to study the relationship between body measurements and slaughter performance of Leizhou Black Ducks. Sixty (half was male, half was female) Leizhou Black Ducks which were 300-days-old were selected randomly for body measurements and slaughter test and canonical correlation analysis. The results showed that: most of these quotas in body measurements traits and slaughter performance had a extremely significant or significant positive correlation of Leizhou Black Ducks (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05), only a small part of these quotas had a negative correlation. the results of canonical correlation analysis showed that the first and second canonical correlation coefficients between body measurement traits and slaughter traits were 0.767 (P＜0.01) and 0.729 (P＜0.05), they expressed 42.5% and 33.7% of total correlation, respectively. The analysis indicated that main traits for the canonical correlation coefficients were body slanting length, shank girth, the weight of eviscerated yield with giblet and the weight of whole net carcass.

  Influence of Yak Spleen Transfer Factor on Transformation and Proliferation of Mice Lymphocytes 2014, 30 (5):  38-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1831 Abstract + ( 854 )   PDF ( 520852KB )   ( 711 ) To develop one kind of biologically active agents for improving ability of animal resistance to disease , nonspecific transfer factor（nTF）from yak spleen was extracted by freeze-thaw-dialysis method, then the effects of yak nTF on mice lymphocytes transformation and proliferation were checked by MTT method. The dates showed that: the effects on mice spleen lymphocytes transformation and proliferation produced by group(Lymphocytes+ ConA +TF) were better than that by group(Lymphocytes + TF) or group(Lymphocytes + LPS+TF) (P<0.05); The effect of yak nTF injection on mice spleen lymphocytes transformation and proliferation was better than that of physiological salt solution injecting (P<0.05). The dates presented yak nTF had obvious effect on mice lymphocyte proliferation, and this effect would be enhanced by cooperating with ConA or LPS.

  Development of Real-time PCR Assay for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus 2014, 30 (5):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2012 Abstract + ( 962 )   PDF ( 682467KB )   ( 853 ) The objective of this study was to develop a Real-time PCR assay of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and therefore to detect the load of PEDV quantitatively. A fragment of M gene in PEDV was amplified by RT-PCR to construct the recombinant plasmid with the M gene fragment, then, the Real-time PCR based on SYBR Green I with the recombinant plasmid was conducted to develop the fluorescenct quantitative PCR assay for detection of PEDV. The results showed that, the assay generated had an excellent linear reltionship with a determination coefficient of 0.9996 and an amplification efficiency of 99.5% from (5.56×102 to 5.56×107) DNA copies/μL. The melting curve analysis showed only one specific peak with a melting temperature of (81.18±0.21)℃, and no primer-dimers peak represented. No amplification was determined by this mothod from unrelated swine virus samples, including porcine transmissible gastoenteritis virus, classical swine fever virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, pseudorabies virus and porcine circovirus type 2. the coefficient of variations was less than 3% in the reproducible assays, and the detection results of several clinical samples with this method was improved as compared to conventional PCR. The results indicated that this Real-time PCR assay was of high specificity, producibility and sensitivity, and could be used for the quantitative detection of PEDV and quick diagnosis for early infection of PEDV.

  Immunostimulatory Effects of LPS and β-glucan on Subunit Vaccine of Edwardsiella tarda 2014, 30 (5):  46-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1983 Abstract + ( 3626 )   PDF ( 1966113KB )   ( 717 ) In order to investigate the immunostimulatory effects of LPS and β-glucan, an highly effective vaccine candidate for Edwardsiella tarda known as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, which was injected into Japanese flounder alone or containing LPS and β-glucan. After immunization, the antibody titer, expression of immune-related genes and immunological protection were detected. ELISA analysis of sera showed that the fish immunized with rGAPDH containing LPS and β-glucan had significant higher antibody titers than rGAPDH immunization group at day 14 and 30， which reached a value of 211.76 at day 30 after immunization. Simultaneously, the expression of 6 immune-related genes involved in innate and acquired responses, including IL-1β, IL-6, MHC-IIα, IgM, TCRα and C-type lysozyme were analyzed by quantitative PCR. The transcript levels of all selected genes displayed up-regulation after immunization, and immunization with rGAPDH containing LPS and β-glucan could induce significant higher levels than that induced only by rGAPDH. Moreover, to investigate the protection against infection, challenge was performed at day 30 after immunization. Fish immunized with rGAPDH containing LPS and β-glucan exhibited the highest relative percentage survival (RPS) of 67 % compared to the other groups. These results indicated that LPS and β-glucan employed as immunostimulatory molecules could significantly trigger the innate and acquired immune responses in Japanese flounder.

  Stability Study of Sulfa Drug Residues and Comparison of Different Detection Methods 2014, 30 (5):  53-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2417 Abstract + ( 913 )   PDF ( 621736KB )   ( 711 ) In order to assess the stability of sulfa drug in aquatic organization and factors that affect the test results, quality control testing technology research had been carried out. The environmental conditions from sampling to test process had been simulated. Shrimp spiked samples in 3 concentrations (40 μg/kg, 50 μg/kg, 70 μg/kg) under 4 different storage conditions (treated under repeated freezing, thawing and cryopreservation processing) were tested. At the same time, inter-laboratory comparison of 2 designated detection methods had been carried out: the Ministry of Agriculture Bulletin No.958 -12-2007 (reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography) and the Ministry of Agriculture Bulletin No.1077 -1-2008 (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry). The results showed that, there was no significant difference between the experimental groups, the recoveries of sulfadiazine, sulfa-merazine, sulfa-methazine, sulfadimoxine in different concentrations was between 71.2%-98.9%, the stability of 4 sulfa drugs in aquatic organizations are strong. 2 detection methods could meet the test requirements, reasonable choice of detection method before inspection should follow the actual needs of samples and methods applicable range, to ensure accurate and reliable detection results.

  The Preliminary Study on Artificial Propagation and Fry Rearing of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus 2014, 30 (5):  61-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1459 Abstract + ( 865 )   PDF ( 601834KB )   ( 747 ) The objective of this study was to find the optimum matching of hormones, water temperature and larval rearing weaning food. The methods were injected different hormones at different temperature during re-production and feeding different weaning food during seeding rearing. As studies have demonstrated that the fecundity of female Misgurnus anguillicaudatus was proportional to the sexual maturity, i.e. the higher sexual maturity, the more fecundity. For female Misgurnus anguillicaudatus which had a mature coefficient of 24%, the value of which absolute fecundity and relative fecundity of were 62142 and 990, respectively. But that of a mature coefficient of 9% were only 18207 and 367, respectively. The result indicated that different hormones had different effects towards Misgurnus anguillicaudatus’re-production, the effect of LRH-A2 was better compared to HCG, the fertilization rate of which were 83.04% and 78.84, respectively. The effect of spawning effect could improve which fertilization rate could reach 89.17% if those two hormones were mixed according to a certain proportion (LRH-A2 5μg per fish, HCG 100 IU per fish).When the temperature was increased, the spawning effect became better. The optimum water temperature of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus’ re-production ranged between (30±0.5)℃, the effect time of 6-8 h, induced spawning rate of 93.33% , fertilization rate of 89.26%. Weaning food was a very crucial factor during the cultivating of the Misgurnusanguillicaudatus. The result showed that larva survival rate could reach the highest point which was 93.3% when used rotifers as the weaning food, anemia nauplius, microparticle diets, egg yolk. Reasonable arrangement of weaning food could promote the growth of larval fish, as a result, the growth rate of larval conducted by a combination of egg yolk and rotifers was much higher than other three groups, which was 1.21, 1.04, 1.11 times faster than that of egg yolk, rotifers, anemia nauplius, respectively.

  Supplier Selection of Limnetic Product Based on Entropy Method 2014, 30 (5):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2036 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 559829KB )   ( 836 ) Limnetic products supplier selection is a multi-criteria decision problem which involves many factors. In order to choose the optimal supplier, it is necessary to weigh the multiple factors some of which may conflict. According to the characteristics of limnetic products and limnetic products’supplier selection, combining quantitative and qualitative evaluation, finally the author identified 11 indicators to evaluate the supplier of limnetic product. The author used entropy value method to establish the simple and flexible model of limnetic product’s supplier selection. Finally the author calculated the index weight to find the best supplier by an example. It was proved that: people should pay more attention to the quality and the transport equipment when people chose limnetic products supplier. And using fuzzy mathematics method to estimate indicators would make the entropy value method play a more important role in supplier selection of limnetic product.

  Denitrification of Ammonia in Aquaculture Wastewater by Biofilm-electrode Reactor 2014, 30 (5):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2303 Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 596884KB )   ( 668 ) In order explore the best removal process of refractory ammonia nitrogen in the aquaculture waste water, this experiment adopted biofilm-electrode process. Anode rod used in the aerobic zone produces oxygen, which turned ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen with the help of nitrobacteria. And Cathode carbon in the anoxic zone electrolyzed hydrogen, which contributed to the realizing denitrification of denitrifying bacteria. The results showed that: too high or too low temperature restrained the activity of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. When the C/N rate was 1, the ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen could be removed at the same time. The current played a great role in promoting the efficiency of nitrification and denitrification process. And the current intensity increased with the increase of ammonia nitrogen load. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen would be improved with greater hydraulic power.

  Growth and Carbon Sequestration Rate of wild Sargassum thunbergii from Different Sources 2014, 30 (5):  79-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1694 Abstract + ( 749 )   PDF ( 553314KB )   ( 591 ) In order to select Sargassum thunbergii which had high carbon sequestration rate, to guide artificial seed breeding and farming, and to increase fisheries carbon sinks response to global climate change, wild S. thunbergii from Jiaojiang Taizhou, Pingtan Fujian, Dongtou Wenhou and Shengsi Zhoushan were cultivated in Dongtou. The length and weight were determined, the growth rate and carbon sequestration rate were analyzed. The result showed that: the maximum length and weight of wild S. thunbergii was from Dongtou Wenhou, the length of different sources had very significant difference (P＜0.01), the weight of different sources had significant difference (P＜0.05). It was found that factor S, which was the ratio of fresh weight to length of a single algae, the maximum S value of wild S.thunbergii was from Pingtan Fujian, had significant difference (P＜0.05) among different sources. The maximum carbon sequestration rate by standardized conversion was Dongtou Wenhou (0.86 t C/(hm2·a), and comparable with the forest. Therefore, people should vigorously spread the local S.thunbergii germplasm, develop artificial breeding technology and protect the wild S. thunbergii resources in Wenzhou.

  Review of Urban Multifunctional Agriculture Studies Jia MA JIa 2014, 30 (5):  83-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1379 Abstract + ( 820 )   PDF ( 457476KB )   ( 576 ) As the process of urbanization continues to accelerate and resources and environment problems become increasingly prominent, the development of urban multifunctional agriculture causes more attention. Based on a review of relevant literature, the paper analyzed the theoretical and practical research of urban multifunctional agriculture at home and abroad to further clarify research ideas. The study suggested that the development of urban multifunctional agriculture needed the support of the technology and the policy. We should strengthen the relevant research in the future to give full play to the role of urban multifunctional agriculture in the new rural construction.

  An Study on Factors Influencing the Operating Performance of Organic Vegetable Industry Chain——from the Evidence of Nanjing 2014, 30 (5):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1337 Abstract + ( 676 )   PDF ( 539769KB )   ( 570 ) In addition to classifying the industrial chain of organic vegetable into growing and processing, delivering and circulating and retailing, this article analyzes the factors of these three parts and establishes the performance model of supply of agricultural products, thus faking the industrial chain of organic vegetable in Nanjing for example and analyzing the influence of each factor on this chain. After analyzing 400 questionnaires, this article concludes that these three parts can be ranked according to their significance of influence on the entire industrial chain of organic vegetable follows: retailing, delivering and circulating, and growing and processing.

  The Partial Equilibrium Analysis of the Impact on the Export of agricultural Products of Technical—Environmental Barrier 2014, 30 (5):  93-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0740 Abstract + ( 941 )   PDF ( 567787KB )   ( 487 ) This paper analyzes the definition and characteristics of technical-environmental barriers to trade，depict the status of technical-environmental barriers to trade encountered by China's agricultural products. Then analyze the impact on the export of agricultural products of technical-environmental barrier based on the partial equilibrium analysis, the results showed that the welfare of our country was reduced because of the technical-environmental barrier and it induces a high compliance cost. The compliance cost was borne by the consumers of the importing country and the producers of exporting country under different circumstances. At lastly, this study puts forward that the enterprises and government should make decision based on the circumstance when an enterprise subjected to the technical-environmental barrier to trade.

  Comprehensive Evaluation of the Operation Performance of Chinese Listed Agricultural Companies 2014, 30 (5):  99-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1556 Abstract + ( 598 )   PDF ( 567540KB )   ( 671 ) 38 listed agricultural companies were selected to evaluate their operation performance in 2008 to 2012 with the method of factor analysis, and their influence factors scores and ranking of operation performance were calculated, as well as their synthetic scores and ranking of operation performance. According to the results, we found that the operation performance of Chinese listed agricultural companies was not well and there was a phenomenon of deviating from agriculture. If listed agricultural companies wanted to change this situation, they should improve their own operational capacity and growth ability through adjusting the internal structure. Simultaneously, they should improve the ability to deal with debt risk.

  Evaluation and Analysis on the Process of Urban-rural Integration in Heilongjiang Province 2014, 30 (5):  107-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0708 Abstract + ( 812 )   PDF ( 644913KB )   ( 745 ) The development of urban-rural integration is the inevitable requirement of building a moderately prosperous society. Heilongjiang Province is less developed regions, has a vast territory, the contradiction of urban-rural dual structure is obvious, inter-regional development of urban-rural integration is quite different. The study selected 12 major cities of Heilongjiang Province as the objects of study, and establishes the evaluation index system on the process of urban-rural integration in Heilongjiang Province. By comprehensively analyzing its economic integration, lifestyle integration, social undertaking integration and environmental integration, it showed that economic integration and social undertakings integration in relatively had large contribution to promoting the development of urban-rural integration in Heilongjiang, the contribution of economic integration and lifestyle integration was not significant, the development level of urban-rural integration in Heilongjiang Province was not high, and determine the level differences of 12 cities’urban-rural integration on the basis of the empirical analysis. The development of urban-rural integration in Heilongjiang Province was highly uneven, needed to be adapted to local conditions and classification guidance.

  The Analyses of Western Rural Financial Restraint 2014, 30 (5):  114-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0703 Abstract + ( 764 )   PDF ( 488834KB )   ( 600 ) Based on the theory of financial deepening, the article searched for the rural finance. Analyses the current situation and the reasons of our western country．The reasons were control of interest rate, single financial products, and poor risk prevention mechanism, etc. The article points out the advices as strengthening the financial deepening, further opening western country market, etc.

  Study on the Diversity of Rural Land Property Rights System 2014, 30 (5):  119-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0792 Abstract + ( 1003 )   PDF ( 514040KB )   ( 578 ) Studying the theory and history of rural land property rights system has important significance for us to correctly understand the new situations and new problems in the reform of rural land property rights. The history of rural land property rights system changes in New China shows that the diversity of rural land property rights system is beneficial to the competition among rural land property rights systems, and to raising the level of rural productivity. The diversity is the result of famers’organization consciously pursuing system profit. Due to technology, governmental action, or entrepreneurial innovation, rural land property rights system is able to evolve from lower to higher, but it must adapt to the level of local productivity. Government has not only to play its positive role in increasing system revenue in the process of institutional evolution of rural land property rights, such as promoting the construction of rural collective economic organizations, establishing the interaction mechanism for urban and rural human resources, appropriately raising the prices of agricultural products, etc, but also to constrain its own behavior to increase system cost.

  A Study on the Efficacy of Villager in Northern Minority Concentrated Regions the Investigation Based on the Degree of Satisfaction——Illustrated by Xuping Village and Xi’an Village in Xihaigu District 2014, 30 (5):  125-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1345 Abstract + ( 684 )   PDF ( 610092KB )   ( 514 ) This essay takes the Xuping and Xi’an villagers in Xihaigu district in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as examples, and the evaluation of villagers’satisfaction as an important index to measure the effectiveness of villagers’self-governance. The results show that: the villager autonomy system implementation effect was more significant in Xihaigu area. The villagers were satisfied with the institution, reflecting in the ability, attitude, working efficiency, dispute resolution and so on. The villagers were satisfied with production and living conditions. However, they were not satisfied with the condition of increasing income, advancing the construction of new rural, electoral procedure and so on.

  Research on Western Farmers’Credit Exclusion Types and Influence Factors: Based on the Peasant Household Survey in Chifeng of Inner Mongolia 2014, 30 (5):  132-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2336 Abstract + ( 698 )   PDF ( 663523KB )   ( 515 ) To solve the problem of farmers’difficulty in loans, with farmers in western area as the research object, using the micro data, identify farmers’credit exclusion situation and analyze the factors that make farmers affected by credit exclusion. The results were as follows: A considerable proportion of farmers were in a state of credit exclusion, the credit exclusion kinds that affected farmers is mainly price exclusion, self exclusion and condition exclusion; householders’age had a significant positive effect on peasant household credit exclusion situation. The variables of householders’education level, if family members have special skills, planting or breeding large, annual household income, fixed assets value of production and life, housing condition had a significant negative effect on peasant household credit exclusion situation.

  Analysis of Objective Situations of Agricultural Classification Subsidies and Mechanism Research 2014, 30 (5):  139-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0905 Abstract + ( 910 )   PDF ( 560957KB )   ( 847 ) Chinese rural households are numerous, and the features of agricultural management diversification stand out. Agricultural subsidies are different and targeted due to regional differences, cultivated land area and plots difference, and the differences between the planting crop varieties and farmers own management behavior differences among farmers. The enthusiasm of rural households food production could be improved by static classification subsidies, which differs the subsidies standard of various rural households’. And with the aid of dynamic classification of subsidy, quantitative change and qualitative change in the process of housholds management are focused and better services are offered to all types of farmers. In the meantime, effective transformation channel between static and dynamic subsidies shall be established for scientific configuration of subsidies and giving full play to the role of the subsidy policies in guidance rural households to increase production.

  Structural Design and Analysis of Temperature and Illumination Performance of Double-roof Solar Greenhouse 2014, 30 (5):  145-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1008 Abstract + ( 671 )   PDF ( 723032KB )   ( 876 ) In order to increase keeping temperature and reservoiring heat capacities and land utilization rate, on the basis of the common solar greenhouse, double-roof solar greenhouse was constructed; temperature and illumination performance and land utilization rate were contrasted. The results showed that: keeping temperature and reservoiring heat capacities of the solar greenhouse facing the sun was far superior to the common solar greenhouse. In the coldest winter, to provide facility security for warm-season fruit vegetable to overwinter safely. Land utilization rate of double-roof solar greenhouse was increased to more than 85%. The solar greenhouse facing the sun was used to produce overwintering and early spring vegetable, the solar greenhouse beyond the sun was applied to produce early spring green leaf vegetable and solanaceous fruits over summer and into autumn.

  Microclimate Simulation of Sunlight Greenhouse in Winter Based on BP Neural Network 2014, 30 (5):  149-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1050 Abstract + ( 830 )   PDF ( 1177975KB )   ( 530 ) To systematically analyze the relationship of climate characteristics inside and outside the solar greenhouse, and provide support to the solar greenhouse crop environmental regulation and microclimate forecasting, based on the observed data of plastic sunlight greenhouse microclimate and neighboring weather station, by using the method of BP neural network, 3 models were established, to assimilate the microclimate characters under plastic sunlight greenhouse in Shijiazhuang Region during the winter. The results showed that: all of the root mean square error (RMSE) between air temperature trained and measured value from 3 models was no more than 2℃ and the coefficient of determination was more than 0.95 respectively. RMSE between relative humidity trained and measured value was no more than 2 percent points and the coefficient of determination was more than 0.95. RMSE between trained and measured value of solar radiation received was no more than 16 W/m2 and the coefficient of determination was also more than 0.95. All of the RMSE between air temperature predicted and measured value from the 3 models was no more than 2℃ and the coefficient of determination was more than 0.95 respectively. RMSE between relative humidity predicated and measured value was no more than 4 percent points, and their coefficient of determination was more than 0.9 in sunny or slight cloud-cloudy day, more than that which was 0.8 approximately in sunless day. RMSE between predicted and measured value of solar radiation received was no more than 26 W/m2 and the coefficient of determination was more than 0.95. The results indicated that 3 BP neural network models had quite precisely for predicting microclimate characteristics under plastic sunlight greenhouse in different weather conditions in Shijiazhuang Region in winter, which could meet the forecast requirements.

  The Distribution of the Water and Temperature Under Different Furrow Irrigation Methods 2014, 30 (5):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1179 Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 882093KB )   ( 578 ) In order to understand effect of different furrow irrigation methods on soil water and heat distribution, variation of soil water and heat at different sites (furrow, slope and ridge) in maize field with alternative furrow irrigation (AFI) and conventional furrow irrigation (CFI) was investigated. Results showed that: most of soil water in root zone with AFI moved downward and laterally during an irrigation period. It was conductive to crop roots to uptake soil water. Soil moisture in root zone with AFI was always to maintain a high level to promote soil water to move out the root zone, increasing the probability of deep percolation. Variation of the temperature in the soil profile was caused by furrow irrigation patterns. Low value of soil temperature happened in the zone with high soil moisture. During an irrigation period, soil temperature in root zone with AFI was higher than that with CFI by 0.56-1.78℃, but the soil temperature difference among different sites was lower than that with CFI. During maize growing season, mean soil temperature in root zone with AFI was greater than that with CFI by 0.05-2.16℃, while soil water content in root zone with AFI lower than that with CFI by 3.31%. The relationship between soil temperature and soil moisture could be figured by a quadric equation. When soil moisture X was 37.3%, soil temperature was at its lowest. Therefore, compared with CFI, AFI had important roles to regulate soil moisture and temperature. It was beneficial to high efficiency use of soil moisture in root zone and uniform distribution of soil temperature in root zone.

  Applying Automated Extraction Techniques of Stream Channel to Determine Arid Ephemeral Arroyos 2014, 30 (5):  165-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1898 Abstract + ( 605 )   PDF ( 3488380KB )   ( 482 ) In order to study the effective method of arroyos extraction for ephemeral stream in hyper-arid area. Arroyos were extracted automatically in gobi catchment using the hydrological analysis model in ArcGIS platform on the base of DEM, and the author discussed the effect of drainage water threshold on the extracted arroyos by overlapping the TM image to verify the accuracy. The results showed that: the smaller the drainage water threshold, the finer and more concentrated of the extracted arroyos were, while the larger of drainage water threshold results in the sparser of extracted arroyos; as the research area was large, according to the research objectives, when the drainage water threshold reached to the 4.5 km2, the extracted arroyos would better describe the arroyos distribution in gobi catchment, with the better matching up arroyos located in the upper catchment and in the main and sub-main breaches, could meet the practical needs. The fact that there was a turning point on the curve between drainage water threshold and the accumulated numbers of the first sources breaches could be used to roughly determine the best drainage water threshold for arroyos extraction.

  Progress on Research and Application of Rapid Measurement of Soil Moisture Sensor 2014, 30 (5):  170-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1650 Abstract + ( 930 )   PDF ( 691493KB )   ( 924 ) Soil moisture measurement relating to the crop irrigation directly, which affects the yield of crops, is a long-term and arduous task. Three kinds of the major soil moisture sensors based on the theory of dielectric at present were summarized in this paper. Their measuring principle, calibration method, influencing factor and performance were expounded. The problems in the process of using those sensors were analyzed and their development trends were given in order to provide some reference for the agricultural technology department and water conservancy department in the process of selecting those types of soil moisture sensor products or measuring the soil moisture.

  Effects of Biochar Fertilizer on Growth and Nitrogen Utilizing Rate of Rice 2014, 30 (5):  175-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0969 Abstract + ( 1059 )   PDF ( 623564KB )   ( 714 ) The aim was to investigate the effects of various fertilizations on rice yield, agronomic traits and nitrogen use efficiency. A field experiment was employed, two levels of biochar fertilizer (low total nitrogen, BCF1; high total nitrogen, BCF2) and conventional compound fertilizer (conventional fertilizer, CF) were set in this study. The result showed that there was no significant difference between CF and BCF1, though the nitrogen amount of BCF1 was lower than CF by 30% . The highest grain/straw ratio was observed in the treatment of BCF1 which was significant higher than CF by 23.6%; and earing percentage of BCF1 (86.1%) was significantly higher than CF. The nitrogen absorb and utilize rate was increased with the application of biochar fertilizer, while the rate under BCF1 (36.3%) was significantly increased by 10.2% compared to CF. The highest nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen harvest index was also observed in the BCF1 treatment, and enhanced by 37.4%-54.7% and 6.3%-10.4% comparing with CF and BCF2 treatments. The application of biochar fertilizer could significantly improve rice nitrogen utilization rate, reduce nitrogen loss, maintain normal yield of rice, provide economic and environmental benefits and marketing spread potential.

  Environmental Change in Horqin Sandy Land During Three North Shelterbelt Project Construction 2014, 30 (5):  181-184.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0546 Abstract + ( 750 )   PDF ( 507632KB )   ( 673 ) In order to study the role of Three North Shelterbelt Project on ecological environment change in Horqin sandy land, for providing the basis for later engineering planning. According to the most typical region 1961-2010 years of meteorological data, the average wind speed, wind and the dust weather before and after Three North Shelterbelt Project construction were analyzed. The results showed that: in the recent 20 years, the average wind speed was 3.2-3.3 m/s between fluctuation in Horqin sandy land, sandstorm weather was a sharp decline trend, by 1995 be contained. Three North Shelterbelt Project played an indispensable protection and control effects on the ecological environment of the well-kown Horqin sand production, farming and animal husbandry.

  The Evaluation System of Grassland Ecological Protection Complement Award Policies 2014, 30 (5):  185-188.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2023 Abstract + ( 899 )   PDF ( 474420KB )   ( 839 ) Grassland ecological protection complement award police is a new era grassland ecological environment construction, and also the key to protect grassland sustainable development. To establish a scientific and reasonable compensation awards grassland ecological protection policy evaluation system is to track the progress of project implementation effectiveness and timely implementation of the project content optimization an important guarantee. This study combines award grassland ecological protection policy implementation complement the content analysis of evaluation index system based on the objectives and principles to build grassland ecological protection award compensation policy evaluation index system. The results of this evaluation provide reference for government to carry out performance evaluation, but also track the progress of project implementation effectiveness and timely implementation of the project content optimization an important guarantee.

  Study on Ecological Function Regionalization Based on GIS System:An Example of Mishan City, Heilongjiang Province 2014, 30 (5):  189-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0868 Abstract + ( 719 )   PDF ( 1298070KB )   ( 628 ) In order to explore and study the application of GIS system in ecological areas, especially the prominent role in which testing of remote sensing technology played in ecological function regionalization. The basic data of Mishan City, Heilongjiang Province administrative districts as the research object, by using in July 2012, 133/28, 133/29, 134/28, 134/28, 133/29 5 TM satellite data and basic topographic maps, the author set introduces overall study area. By using ERDAS correction, image enhancement processing of satellite data, combined with the basic status data, the author conducted a supervised classification. The results showed that: supervised classification was divided into 4 types: forest, grassland, cultivated land and waters, and established the classification of satellite image interpretation. Using the spatial analysis method and combining with the principle of ecological function zoning, the ecological function regionalization was carried out on the basic data, and Mishan City were divided into 4 ecological functional areas: Ⅰ northwest forestry ecological construction development area; Ⅱ industrialized and intensive development area along the railway; Ⅲ south-central agriculture construction development area; Ⅳ Xingkai Lake ecological tourism and fishery development area.

  Effects of the Land Use Change on Ecosystem Service Value Based on Remote Sensing and GIS 2014, 30 (5):  195-202.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0810 Abstract + ( 872 )   PDF ( 1676054KB )   ( 507 ) In order to research the effect of land use change on ecosystem service value, and provide the reference for land sustainable use and ecological environment protection, the land use information was extracted based on Landsat TM images from 1992 to 2008, following remote sensing and GIS in Shuangliu County, Sichuan Province. The land use/cover change in study area was analyzed for 16 years. The ecosystem service value as result of the regional land use change was evaluated by adopting the service value method in Chinese terrestrial ecosystem. The results showed that: (1) the land use change in Shuangliu County was significantly notable in 1992 to 2008. The area of cultivated land (paddy field and dry land) and forest land respectively was decreased by 28207.249 hm2 and 1752.915 hm2, respectively. Construction land area was increased with 17034.99 hm2. The cultivated land (paddy field) and forest land was converted to construction land (town land, industrial and mining land); (2) The regional ecosystem services value was increased by 4508.859×104 Yuan, but there was different change trend at different times, such as the ecosystem services value fell by 10.59% in 1992 to 2000, increase by 16.024% in 2000 to 2008; (3) The conversion from forest land and cultivated land (paddy field) to construction land (town land, industrial and mining land) caused a decline in the value of ecosystem services and negative flow, the total value was 2197.233×104 Yuan, 5317.460×104 Yuan; (4) The coefficient change of ecological value on the ecosystem service value change was inelastic, the relative sensitivity of forest land was: forest land＞cultivated land (paddy field and dry land)＞water area. The impact of land use changed on regional ecosystem service value change, the most affected by water, arable land and forest land was relatively small.

  Land Use Changes and Driving Forces in Chongming Island Based on RS 2014, 30 (5):  203-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0733 Abstract + ( 772 )   PDF ( 793448KB )   ( 673 ) Studying on the regional land use change within a certain period and its driving force factors were to judge the land resource utilization rationality, as well as the sustainable development of economic, especially to provide scientific basis for the development of the low carbon industry. The author made an interpretation about there phase Landsat ETM+image of Chongming island by remote sensing software ENVI 4.8, the characteristics and rate about land use change and the driving force factors were also analyzed. The main results showed as the follows: the Chongming island area increased accompanied by changing, each type was changing, in which the area of cultivated land and forest land decreased, among them, the forest land dropped most; the area of construction land, water and unused land showed an increasing trend, among them, the construction land gained the most. The rate of the land use change was continuously improved. The most important factor was social and economic factor, including agricultural and industrial development models, population growth. For the performance of the carbon source forms of land use area reduced, and performance for the increase of carbon.

  Studies on the Evaluation for Integrated Benefit of Land Consolidation Based on the Method of Fuzzy model recognition—An example of Golmud City 2014, 30 (5):  208-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0864 Abstract + ( 1042 )   PDF ( 676366KB )   ( 461 ) In order to verify the feasibility of the method of fuzzy model recognition for the integrated benefit evaluation of land consolidation project, the author firstly constructed the comprehensive evaluation index system of land consolidation from three aspects, which were the social evaluation, the economic evaluation and the ecological evaluation, to make the evaluation quantization of land consolidation project in the Greater Grenoble Township in Golmud City. Then, the paper used the literature summarize method to establish the model recognition libraries ,and based the principle of normal distribution data in the model libraries to determine the membership function, to build the evaluation system and the grade correlation model of comprehensive benefit. The results showed that the project in the Greater Grenoble Township in Golmud City belonged to a level on ‘good’, the Ukraine map Meiren Township and the gol Wood German Town belonged to the ‘general’ level. The main reason for differences in levels was due to that the higher weight in the significant resistance of the social benefits was too low, which was in accordance with the actual situation of the project area. The case study indicated that the theory and the method based on the method of model fuzzy recognition on the comprehensive benefit evaluation of land consolidation had the scientificalness and operability.

  Benefit Evaluation of Cultivated Land Use in Tai’an City 2014, 30 (5):  214-221.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1727 Abstract + ( 741 )   PDF ( 697948KB )   ( 667 ) In order to in-depth understand the cultivated land use benefit and coordination, utilize cultivated land scientifically and efficiently in Tai’an City, the cultivated land in Tai’an was taken as the research object. The evaluation index system of cultivated land use efficiency was constructed from the economic, social and ecological aspect. On this basis, based on the data from 2000 to 2009, Delphi method and the variation coefficient method were used to determine various index weight and comprehensive evaluation values of cultivated land use of Tai’an. Coordination degree model was utilized to quantitative analyze the system coordination. Finally, combining with the evaluation results and characteristics of arable land use, appropriate countermeasures were put forward to promote the improvement of arable land use efficiency. The results showed that: from 2000 to 2009, economic benefits of cultivated land use took on the state of fall-rise-fall; social benefits occurred minor fluctuation in the first 3 years, the later had been steadily rising; ecological benefits were unstable, overall numerical lower downward, the overall took on the state of fall-rise-fall three stages; comprehensive benefits and social benefits had the same curve; system coordination degree was also in a constant state of fluctuation, and the trend was not the same as the overall efficiency curve, overall coordination level was not high. Based on the above analysis, the author put forward the cultivated land use efficiency measures to improve the cultivated land use efficiency of Tai’an: people should strengthen agriculture finance and scientific research investment, improve the rural labor quality, strengthen agriculture oil-field infrastructure construction, strengthen farmland protection, eventually improve cultivated land use efficiency.

  The Desalting Dynamics of Clayey Saline Dredger Fill After Efficiency Improvement with Straw Treatment 2014, 30 (5):  222-228.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0514 Abstract + ( 707 )   PDF ( 637654KB )   ( 577 ) In order to develop a sound saline soil improvement technique and find its application effects, the author introduced lysimeter column test, in which desalting dynamics in clayey saline dredger fill columns treated with straw mixture, straw column and straw layer and the CK column were observed respectively under the condition of continuous water leaching. The results showed that: compared with the CK column, the former could remarkably improve soil permeability and water desalting rate and constrain salt accumulation and resalinization. Moreover, it could shorten desalting time and save over 50% fresh water. Soil alkalization was obviously observed in the CK column, while it was not the case in improvement column as big pores were formed by straw and flue gas desulfurization gypsum was added. Both organic matter and nitrogen content were reduced in the control column, but they were increased in improvement column after the straw was added. Those findings indicate that this technique could effectively reduce water usage, increase desalting rate, curb soil alkalization and shorten desalting time in improving clayey saline dredger fill.

  Changes of Urease and Phosphatase Activities Under Water and Lead Stress 2014, 30 (5):  229-234.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0636 Abstract + ( 878 )   PDF ( 544829KB )   ( 547 ) The activities of urease and phosphatase in Lou soil were investigated and the relationships between the enzymatic activities and the contents of lead, water as well as soil properties were discussed through water-containment cultivation of Lou soil with added lead, in order to explore the feasibility that soil enzyme indicates soil heavy metal pollution. The results showed that, urease and phosphatase activities increased under 80%, 60%, decreased with lead content increasing, the two enzymatic activities were 43.7%, 61.9% against that in control respectively. Path analysis showed that, the sequence of factors based on their direct effect on urease activity is: available K > organic matter > lead > total N > available P > pH > water content, the sequence of factors on their direct effect on phosphatase activity is: organic matter > lead > total N > water content > pH > available K > available P, meaning that available K is the most important factor that affects urease activity and lead, organic matter are the most important factors for phosphatase. Soil enzymatic activities were affected by lead, water content and soil properties, however phosphatase activity was more vulnerable to than urease activity.

  Spatiotemporal Distribution of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollutants in the Little Arkansas River Watershed in the United States 2014, 30 (5):  235-241.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3260 Abstract + ( 762 )   PDF ( 1278381KB )   ( 482 ) The role of spatiotemporal distribution of agricultural non-point source pollutants, including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and Atrazine in the Little Arkansas River watershed in the United States were monitored and analyzed, in order to provide guidance for the analytical investigation and further treatment of similar pollutants at a watershed scale in our country. The three sampling sites along the main stream of the river were located in upstream, midstream, and the outflow of the watershed. The rainfall and flow rates were monitored in real time and the water quality parameters of TN, TP and Atrazine concentrations were periodically detected. The results showed that: the factors most influencing all of the water quality parameters were the crop plant area in the watershed and the rainfall intensity and timing. The peak concentrations of both TN and TP were obtained in the lower portion of the watershed, and the loss amount of TN and TP in rainy year was about twice as much as that in drought year. Whereas, the most Atrazine lost occurs in the midstream portion of the watershed. During the period of observation, there was a large amount of TN and TP lost throughout the watershed and the Atrazine concentration was above the critical value of 3 μg/L, which should be paid enough attentions. It was suggested that the best management practices (BMPs) should be implemented to reduce the agricultural non-point source pollutants.

  Non-point Source Pollution Research in China and Aboard Based on Bibliometrics 2014, 30 (5):  242-248.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0528 Abstract + ( 865 )   PDF ( 550530KB )   ( 778 ) In order to get comprehensive understanding of the non-point source pollution research in China and aboard, using bibliometrics method, the characteristics including temporal distribution, regional distribution, subject distribution, subordinate organization distribution, and key words distribution of the literatures from science Citation Index Expanded were analyzed. The results showed that: the amount of the literatures on non-point source pollution increased dramatically since 1990s; non-point source pollution research was an interdisciplinary field; the United States was the country whose literatures were published and cited most, and the average citation rate of the literature published by USEPA was the highest, about 32.81 times/article; the Chinese academy of sciences published literatures most, but the literature citation rate was relatively low. The key words analysis by Endnote indicated that both China and the United States had same research topics on non-point source pollution, but China should give more attention to GIS and BMPs in the future research.

  Physiological Responses of Hydrilla verticillata to Cadmium and Cadmium Bioaccumulation 2014, 30 (5):  249-253.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1581 Abstract + ( 752 )   PDF ( 842971KB )   ( 627 ) In order to evaluate the potential of phytoremediation application of Hydrilla verticillata, The accumulation of heavy metals and the changes of some physiological indexes for Hydrilla vericillata were investigated. The results showed that, compared with stems, leaves of Hydrilla accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals. Moreover, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT first increased and then decreased as the Cd2+ concentration increased. The content of membranous peroxide MDA first decreased, and then remained stable and last increased. It concluded that activate the protective enzyme system could inhibit MDA formation. These results suggested that Hydrilla verticillata could accumulate a certain concentration of heavy metals, in a certain concentration range of heavy metals it exhibitted physiological adaptation. In summary, Hydrilla verticillata had the potential of phytoremediation.

  A Study on Influence of Clouds to Climate Factors in Tianshui 2014, 30 (5):  254-258.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1979 Abstract + ( 761 )   PDF ( 487974KB )   ( 660 ) In order to study the effects of cloud cover on climatic factors in Tianshui, based on the data of cloud mount in 1951-2010 in 7 weather stations in Tianshui, the relationship between cloud amount and its interrelated climatic factors had been analyzed. The results showed: the number of all level rain days, precipitation and amount of cloud were notability correlation. It also indicated that: the precipitation varied with cloud amount in which the amount of cloud increased by 10%, with the annual precipitation increased by 160 mm, spring precipitation increased by 23 mm, summer precipitation increased by 79 mm, autumn precipitation increased by 39 mm and winter precipitation increased by 3 mm. The correlation between cloud amount and temperature showed periodical change in which cloud amount increased by 10% with mean temperature decreased by 0.7℃ and 0.5℃ respectively in spring and summer, but there was no correlation between cloud and mean winter and autumn temperature. The sunshine hours was seriously influenced by cloud amount in which cloud amount increased by 10%, with the sunshine hours decreased by 104 h in spring, 92 h in summer, 85 h in autumn and 65 h in winter. There was positive correlative between mean cloud amount and relative humidity in which cloud amount increased by 10%, with the relative humidity increased by 4% in summer, by 3% in spring and autumn, by 2% in winter.

  County GIS-based Meteorological Disasters and Wheat Growing Trend Analysis of Meteorological Disasters: A Case Study in Yanggu County 2014, 30 (5):  259-267.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1647 Abstract + ( 678 )   PDF ( 1490417KB )   ( 401 ) In order to better explore the county’s meteorological disasters specific distribution and its impact on winter wheat production, improve the level of disaster prevention and reduction of agricultural production. The author used the GIS, statistical and agricultural meteorology and other methods, to the township as a unit, for Yanggu County meteorological disaster risk trends in research, systems analysis of Yanggu County 1981-2011 year risk indicators and integrated risk index, details of the different meteorological disasters in the county’s comprehensive risk index frequency and geographical distribution of computing the township comprehensive agricultural meteorological disaster risk, and the corresponding hazard trend analysis. Trend analysis showed that: the township basically had the same frequency of droughts; flood frequency gradually increased from northeast to southwest; disasters hot days gradually weakened from southwest to northeast, cold and vice versa; hail was mainly concentrated in the central urban township; while winter wheat king during Gaomiao highest integrated meteorological disaster risk, Doo camp, a comprehensive meteorological disasters town lowest degree of risk.

  Analysis and Study on the Features of A Spring Dense Fog Weather in Southwest Shandong Province 2014, 30 (5):  268-271.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0979 Abstract + ( 755 )   PDF ( 1609110KB )   ( 617 ) In order to improve the forecast accuracy of fog in southwest Shandong, by using conventional observation data, numerical prediction model products and satellite cloud image, the causes of the heavy fog in March 17, 2012 at Jining City was analyzed .The results showed that: (1) the height and strength of inversion layer had close relationship with the concentration of fog, the weak cold and warm advection might be beneficial to produced fog; (2) The heavy fog showed significant influence from the change of relative humidity on 1000 hPa, the fog would occur if the surface layer had inversion and relative humidity≥80% on 1000 hPa; (3) The dew-point deficit in land (T-Td)≤2℃ could easily produce the heavy fog; (4) The environmental condition of forming fog provided by numerical forecasting pattern products; (5) Infrared images and visible cloud picture were helpful to prediction the formation, development, dissipation of fog.

  The Changing Trends of the First and Last Frost Dates, Frost-free Periods in Recent 58 Years in Linfen City 2014, 30 (5):  272-275.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0595 Abstract + ( 761 )   PDF ( 525559KB )   ( 537 ) In order to master the change of frost-free periods that effect on the agricultural production in Linfen, improve the frost forecast and prediction abilities, try the best to reduce the harm that frost-free periods cause in crops. Meteorological observation data of the first and last frost dates and frost-free period days was been used since the stations of 17 counties (areas) in Linfen, and the author adopted these climate statistical methods which there were about trend analysis, 5 years moving average, analyzed the basic features and changing trends of the first and last frost dates, frost-free period days. The results showed that: (1) the first frost day of Linfen delayed trend year by year, the trend rate was 1.327d/10 a. The city’s average first frost day was on October 18th, first appeared in September 20th, late appeared in November 5th, there are 46 days between them, maximum differential Puxian County was 56 days. (2) The trend rate of the last frost date was -1.83 d/10 a, showed a tendency to advance year by year, the city’s average last frost day was on April 2th, first appeared in February 19th, late in May 2th, there were 73 days between them, compared with the first frost day interval number nearly twice as many days. (3) The trend rate of the frost-free period was 3.156 d/10 a in recent 58 years in Linfen, which appeared a trend of increasing year by year, the variation rate of frost-free period was stable basically. The longest frost-free period appeared in Yicheng County in 1961, it had lasted for three hundred and one days. The shortest frost-free period appeared in Xixian County in 1980, it had lasted for one hundred and twenty-seven days; there were 174 days about the range.

  Evaluation of the Tourism Climatic Comfortable Index in Xi’an based on Fuzzy Mathematics 2014, 30 (5):  276-283.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1775 Abstract + ( 616 )   PDF ( 1010977KB )   ( 856 ) The paper used the data of average air temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity from Xi’an Meteorological Station in every pentad from 1981 to 2010, carried on the refinement analysis of fuzzy mathematics to evaluate the climate environment of Xi’an. The results showed: The most comfortable tourism periods were from the end of April to early July (24-37 pentads) and from mid August to the end of September (45-53 pentads), relative suitable tourism period was from early July to early August (38-44 pentads), the uncomfortable tourism period was from mid October to early April in next year (56-20 pentads in next year). May holidays was in the transformation stage from the uncomfortable tourism period to the most comfortable period, and October holidays was in the transformation stage from the most comfortable tourism period to the uncomfortable period. Affected by low temperature, the tourism climate comfortable index in October holidays was lower than in May holidays. The most tourism comfortable days and comfortable days had notable interdecadal variation in recent 30 years, the comfortable days showed a rising trend year by year. The most tourism comfortable days and comfortable days showed a decreasing trend in summer, but a increasing trend in spring and autumn, which increased obviously in spring than in autumn.

  The Design and Implementation of the Weather Modification Command System Based on GIS for Prefecture-level City 2014, 30 (5):  284-291.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2031 Abstract + ( 871 )   PDF ( 1405202KB )   ( 679 ) Weather modification operation activities are carried out in meteorological departments at all levels extensively. In the traditional operation mode, the command and scheduling information of the prefecture-level weather modification operation are mainly transmitted by telephone, wireless radio, etc. after the command personnel analyzing data manually. The instructions between the command and scheduling personnel are given and fed back mainly in written and oral ways. With the development of social economy and the improvement of the public needs, the scale of the weather modification operation expands rapidly, and the operation becomes more and more frequently. Thus, the traditional telephone and radio communication ways can not adapt to the modernization of the weather business. In order to further improve the work efficiency, the Sanmenxia Weather Bureau has developed a prefecture-level weather modification operation command system based on GIS. The system is consisted of software and hard ware. Thereinto, the command system software uses GIS technology to display the geographic information of operation areas, and obtains radar maps, satellite cloud pictures and so on, after a series of data processing to provide data support for the decision of the operation commander’s. The software will generate detailed operating parameters for the operating personnel at the short point according to the pre-established conditions automatically, and transfer the operational instructions to command operation display screen by short message, electronic screen, voice speaker and send them to the front-line operation personnel. The system mainly includes the geographic sand table model as command auxiliary and mobile phone, voice speaker, LED electronic screen, etc as the instruction receiving terminal. The instruction receiving program connects to the system server through the GPRS network. The system has been applied in the meteorological department of the counties in the districts of Sanmenxia already. It has been functioning stably and reliably as well as receiving instructions timely and accurately. It turns out to reach the expected design purpose.

  Disaster Risk Assessment and Regionalization Technology of Lightning in Southeastern Shandong Mountainous Area Based on GIS 2014, 30 (5):  292-296.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0807 Abstract + ( 777 )   PDF ( 2043092KB )   ( 398 ) In order to defense lightning disasters, master the mountains of southeastern Shandong lightning hazard, exposure, vulnerability and disaster prevention and mitigation capacity distribution. Through the number of disaster risk index method, analytic hierarchy process, a weighted composite score, spatial analysis method, by the support of GIS technology, the author established a information platform of GIS-based database of meteorological disasters as risk analysis and identification, risk assessment and zoning, analyzed and evaluated the disaster thunderstorms risk in Wulian County, established the thunderstorms disaster risk zoning map. The results showed the uneven distribution of the space integrated risk of thunderstorms disasters in Wulian County, and Hung condensate streets was the highest integrated risk parts, the western and eastern parts of integrated risk slightly higher, slightly lower risk of the north, southeast, and put forward the thunderstorms disaster recommendations of defense.

  Analysis of Variation on Temperature and Precipitation in Recent 52 Years and Future Projection in Jimunai County, Xinjiang 2014, 30 (5):  297-302.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1502 Abstract + ( 677 )   PDF ( 815141KB )   ( 566 ) In order to study the climate change character in Jimunai since 1961, based on observation of monthly mean temperature and precipitation from Jimunai meteorological station, Mann-Kendall test and Morlet wavelet transformation methods were used to analyze the variation of temperature and precipitation during 1961-2012, meanwhile, the responses of temperature and precipitation during 2021-2050 under SRES A1B scenario in Jimunai County was analyzed by using PRéCIS. The results showed that: (1) the annual mean temperature and precipitation during 52 years increased with the rate of 0.4℃ per 10 years and 10 mm per 10 years, abrupt change occurred obviously in 1988 and 1986,dominant periodic oscillation performed 20 years and 18 years, respectively; (2) in terms of seasonal temperature, the increment was autumn>spring>summer>winter, and statistical significance wasn’t presented in winter, in terms of seasonal precipitation, only winter presented obvious increasing trend; (3) PRECIS might reproduce seasonal variation of temperature and precipitation in Jimunai during 1971-2000, cold bias and positive bias were mainly performed in temperature and precipitation, respectively; (4) under SRES A1B scenario, the annual mean temperature and precipitation during 2021-2050 might vary with the rate of 0.75℃ per 10 years and -5.6% per 10 years. Compared with baseline, the annual mean temperature might increase 2.8℃ and precipitation would decrease 9.5%.

  The Study of Causes and Drop Zones of Heavy Rainfall in Fushun on 31 July, 2010 2014, 30 (5):  303-308.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1374 Abstract + ( 662 )   PDF ( 1265114KB )   ( 608 ) In order to reveal the mechanism of the Fushun strong storm, using the conventional data, Shenyang Doppler radar data and FY-2E infrared satellite data, the author studied the causes and drop zones of Fushun strong storm on 31 July 2010. The results showed that: the main impact weather systems of the strong storm in Fushun on 31 July 2010, was the western pacific subtropical high, cold vortex and Mongolia cyclone. The 584 dagpm contours southwards through Fushun was an important indicator for Fushun rainstorm forecasting; low-level temperature ridges and the trough of middle and upper level constituted unstable stratification of the atmospheric. The convergence caused by weather systems and upfliting of Fushun mountain triggered heavy rainfall; the proper coupling of the exit region of high-level and low-level jet stream was the important reason of strong heavy rainfall in Fushun; the left front of low-level warm tongue and the maximum gradient of the moisture flux divergence was the drop zones of the strong rainstorm; the vertical configuration that low-level convergence and upper level divergence was momentum causes of strong storm; satellite imagery and Doppler radar data in nowcasting warning of this strong rainstorm played an important role.

  Study on Agricultural Information and Risk Warning 2014, 30 (5):  309-313.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0815 Abstract + ( 691 )   PDF ( 589878KB )   ( 540 ) Exploring relationships of agricultural information, risk prevention and early-warning analysis has theoretical and practical significance in reducing agricultural disaster losses, ensuring safety of agricultural products, encouraging the healthy development of agriculture. This paper dissected the basic connotation of agricultural risks, discussed the logical relationship among agricultural risks, monitoring, information, entropy and early-warning: the risks were necessary and sufficient condition of early-warning, while the early-warning effectively managed risks, searched for security; the monitoring was the basis of early-warning, while the early-warning was the stretch of monitoring; information got a inverse relationship with risks. The early-warning of agriculture security risks used information to add negentropy and decrease system entropy, which presented the establishment in the evaluation system of agricultural production risk and risk early-warning model system, promoted the theoretical approach and key technology reach in agricultural monitoring and early-warning, accelerated the development of some essential measures like agricultural information discipline that can strengthen the agricultural risk early-warning.

  Research on Land Use Planning Demonstration System——Taking Jincheng City, Shanxi Province as an Example 2014, 30 (5):  314-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0938 Abstract + ( 669 )   PDF ( 844674KB )   ( 613 ) This paper takes the land use planning scheme of city Jincheng of Shanxi Province as example, applies the researching method of three-dimensional modeling and visualization, combines the technology of electronic sand table and relevant planning dates, realizes the land use planning demonstration system by ArcGIS and skyline, and forms a technology flow which costs low and is advantageous to copy, so it improves the scientific and feasibility of land use planning. It was concluded that building the land use planning demonstration system by generating three-dimensional electronic sand table demonstration platform and superposing land use planning dates is better than plane planning demonstration platform on economic benefit, and it could change the visual effect of planning achievements effectively, improve the use of original data, at the same time it is convenient for experts and leaders to participate and judge the planning directly, and reference will be made available to other areas.