Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.4 Published:05 February 2014

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  The Combined Stress of Elevated Temperature and Drought on the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia L. Seedlings 2014, 30 (4):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2438 Abstract + ( 638 )   PDF ( 789830KB )   ( 524 ) Drought and elevated temperature are two main manifestations of global climate change scenario, which significantly affect plants’growth and spread. Through different temperature and water gradients control, photosynthetic performance and antioxidative enzyme activities of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings were studied. The results showed that drought inhibited seedlings’growth, while short-term high temperature promoted their growth; height, leaf number, photosynthetic performance, POD and CAT were significantly affected by temperature, water and temperature×water; elevated temperature and drought would not only promote seedlings’increase of antioxidative enzyme activities, but also seedlings’accumulation of N and P, but excessive temperature and drought inhibited the accumulation of P.

  Study on Influence of Light Transmittance of Shade Net on Growth of Phoebe bournei Seedlings 2014, 30 (4):  8-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2413 Abstract + ( 720 )   PDF ( 498046KB )   ( 528 ) The effect of the different shade treatments (0, 40%, 60%, 70%) on the seeding survival, seedling height and ground diameter of Phoebe bournei seedlings were studied, which to solve the problem that the survival rate of Phoebe bournei seedlings were low on the full daylight condition. The results showed that: the survival rate on the 40%, 60% and 70% shading conditions increased 41-41.7 percent compared to the full daylight, 60% shading condition was suitable, while the full daylight was unfavorable to growth of Phoebe bournei seedlings.

  Research on the Growth Process of Fokienia hodginsii(Dunn) Variant Types Plantation in Sanming City, Fujian 2014, 30 (4):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2983 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 556952KB )   ( 541 ) To formulate effective management measures of Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) variant types in Sanming City, Fujian Province. The stem analysis method coupled with Richards equation was used in the analysis of its growth process. The results showed that the current annual increment of tree height had four peaks, the largest current annual tree height increment 0.85 m/a appeared at the age of 8, and the average annual increment firstly intersected with annual increment at age 16. The current annual increment of breast diameter (DBH) occurred two peaks, they were 0.76 cm/a (8th year) and 2.44 cm/a (24th year). The current annual increment and average annual increment of breast diameter intersected with each other at the age of 28, the rapid growth period of current annual DBH increment ranged from 0 to 28 years and its growth increment was 26.08 cm, which accounted for 87.81% of the total growth increment. The current annual timber volume increment reached a maximum value (0.0354 m3) at 26th year. The F. hodginsii (Dunn) variant types plantation did not reach quantitative maturity at the age of 32. The Richards equation can well describe the growth process of tree height, breast diameter and timber volume of F. hodginsii (Dunn) variant types as followed: H=22.47×(1－e-5.28)1.66，R=0.9832；D=1326.49×(1－e-2.13)1.45，R=0.9291；V=3.89×(1－e-2.51)3.90，R=0.9979. The growth rate of F. hodginsii (Dunn) variant types presented decreasing tendency, and the growth rate of tree height, breast diameter and timber volume declined 45.31%, 81.86% and 52.4% respectively during 0-10 years, while the average growth rates of tree height, breast diameter and timber volume declined only 0.47%, 0.74% and 1.47% respectively during 10-32 years. The results may provide a scientific basis for forest production.

  Short-term Effects of Thinning on Soil Enzyme and Soil Labile Organic Carbon in Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantation 2014, 30 (4):  17-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2454 Abstract + ( 1122 )   PDF ( 566305KB )   ( 474 ) In order to determine the change of soil enzyme activities and soil labile organic carbon contents in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation after thinning in a short time. Soil enzyme activity, soil labile organic carbon and soil carbon management index were studied in 3 thinning intensities (unthinning, moderate and heavy thinning) in C. lanceolata plantation in Kaihua County, Zhejiang Province. After 2 years thinning treatment, the activities of soil catalase, urease, phosphatase and invertase in 0-20 cm soil layers increased in the thinned treatments compared with unthinned treatment. The activities of these soil enzymes increased only in 0-10 cm soil layer in moderate thinning treatment, and which significantly increased in the 0-20 cm soil layers in heavy thinning treatment. Soil labile organic carbon contents in 0-20 cm soil layer increased in the thinned treatments, no significant differences were detected in soil profile for soil stable organic carbon contents. Soil carbon activity, carbon activity index, carbon index and carbon management index in 0-10 cm soil layer increased with increasing thinning intensity, soil carbon management index significantly increased in 10-20 cm soil layer in heavy thinning treatment compared with control. There were no significant differences among the three thinning treatments in soil enzyme activities, soil labile organic carbon contents or soil carbon management index below 20 cm soil layer. Four soil enzymes presented a significant and positive correlation with soil labile organic carbon, and soil carbon management index. These results indicated that: soil enzyme activities and soil labile organic carbon contents in shallow soil layer were enhanced in C. lanceolata plantation after 2 years thinning treatment, which would lead to a release of stored soil carbon.

  The Characteristics Comparison of Soil Active Organic Carbon and Nitrogen of 4 Kinds of Vegetation Types in Yaoluoping 2014, 30 (4):  23-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2620 Abstract + ( 745 )   PDF ( 538644KB )   ( 525 ) In order to explore the difference characteristics of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen in different vegetation types, the author systematically analyzed the different vegetation types in the level of soil active organic carbon and nitrogen. This field study was conducted at Yaoluoping Nature Reserve, Anhui Province. In order to determine the concentrations of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) under 4 different vegetations, including evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF), evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests (EDBF), deciduous broad-leaved forests (DBF) and evergreen coniferous forests (ECF). The results showed that hot water extracted 1.5-2.8 times more soil DOC and DON than 2 mol/L KCl. The pool sizes of DOC and DON were measured by hot water and 2 mol/L KCl extraction were in the order of DBF>EDBF>EBF>ECF under 4 different vegetations；The amounts of DON in 2 mol/L KCl extracts were not significantly correlated with those in hot water extracts. The DON in hot water extracts was significantly related to potential mineralizable N (PMN) (r =0.85, P＜0.05), while there was no such relationship present between the PMN and the DOC in KCl extract. This indicated that the DON in hot water extracts might better indicator of soil active organic N pool. Soil MBC and MBN concentrations were 136.45-297.23 mg/kg, and 16.33-37.11 mg/kg, respectively. 4 forests in soil MBC and MBN were characterized by DBF>EBF>EDBF>ECF. There were significant positive correlations between MBC, MBN and DOC, DON, indicating the close relationships between MBC, MBN and DOC, DON and the main reason of this distinction was the diverse source in active organic carbon and nitrogen under different vegetation.

  Value Analysis of Forest Carbon Fixation and Oxygen Release in Boshan Forest Farm 2014, 30 (4):  29-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1536 Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 574902KB )   ( 591 ) Forest vegetation can fix carbondioxide and release oxygen, which has important role for air purification. Based on the forest inventory, forestry statistics date and net productivity, the quantity of forest carbon fixation and oxygen release were calculated. The values of forest carbon fixation and oxygen release were estimated by applying the method of carbon tax and market value. Results showed that the total value of forest ecosystem services of Boshan Forest was 9.4×107 yuan. The values of fix carbondioxide and release oxygen in Boshan Forest were in the following order: pine massoniana forest>the oak forest>the Chinese pine forest>the poplar forest>the shrub ecosystem>the hard broad forest> the pinus elliottii forest>the China fir forest>the metasequoia forest>the bamboo forest. The poplar forest supplied the maximum value per unit area followed by the China fir forest, and yet the pinus elliottii forest supplied the minimum value per unit area.

  The Impact of Environmental Factors on the Growth of Juglans mandshurica in Natural Forest of Changbai Mountains 2014, 30 (4):  34-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2528 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 729755KB )   ( 831 ) In order to reveal the effect of environmental factors on the growth of Juglans mandshurica Maxim, 14 representative sample area of it was selected and the correlation with 14 environmental factors and the growth index of J. mandshurica were analyzed. Result showed that: (1) different stand composition had significant effect on the growth of J. mandshurica, and diameter growth of J. mandshurica in larch forest was superior to non-larch forest, furthermore, canopy density also had significant effect on tree height of it (R=0.5049). (2) Slope degree and slope aspect had significant effect on DBH, volume (P＜0.05) and height, DBH, volume (P＜0.01), respectively, and slope position had significant negative effect on volume (R=-0.5016). (3) Altitude had positive significant correlation between DBH and volume (R=0.4918, R=0.5203), while latitude had negative correlation with volume (R=-0.5458). (4) Soil thickness and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content had significant effect on height of it, and the order was as follows: alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content＞soil thickness; soil organic and pH had significant effect on DBH of it, and the order was as follows: soil organic＞pH; and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content had positive significant correction with volume (R=0.8314).

  AFLP Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Castanopsis fissa Rehd.et Wils 2014, 30 (4):  42-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2361 Abstract + ( 829 )   PDF ( 904526KB )   ( 529 ) The AFLP analysis of genetic diversity provided scientific basis for breeding and utilizing of the good varieties of Castanopsis fissa Rehd.et Wils. The genetic relationships among 39 Castanopsis fissa Rehd.et Wils’s half-sib families were analyzed by AFLP. The results showed that 8 pairs of primers produced 761 distinctive bands in total, 565 bands were polymorphic and the polymorphic rate was 74.14%, there were high genetic diversity among the different half-sib families. There were various genetic diversities among the different plus tree collection sites, the genetic diversity showed obvious regional character. There were different genetic diversity performances in the different collection sites: Hunan Tongdao, Fujian Mingxi and Guangdong Pingyuans’samples had low genetic variation. There were high genetic variations and genetic diversities in Guangxi Yongfu, Rongshui and Pingguos’samples. Cangwu’s samples had the highest genetic variation. The appearing chance of the excellent half-sib families of Castanopsis fissa Rehd.et Wils was closely related to the genetic diversity, the higher genetic diversity were, the more the excellent half-sib families appeared. The appearing chance of the excellent half-sib families had close correlated with the half- sib families′geographical position. The appearing chance of the excellent half-sib families had high reversely correlated with latitude and medium reversely correlated with longitude.

  Research Advances in Key Enzyme Genes of Tobacco Aroma Compounds Synthesis Metabolism 2014, 30 (4):  49-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1481 Abstract + ( 802 )   PDF ( 687231KB )   ( 1134 ) This article specified three main kinds of regulating pathway related with plant aroma compounds synthesis, concluded the function and expression types of key enzyme genes in catalyzing major intermediate products which belong to phenyl propane metabolic pathways, isoprene metabolic pathways and alkaloid synthesis pathway respectively, and highlighted the latest developments of these key enzyme genes in tobacco, Accordingly this article raised that more in-depth research in protein as well as the metabolic network interaction analysis is urgently needed, in addition to the expression regulation and genetically modified crop improvement at the genetic level. From above analysis, next improvement of tobacco fragrance quality through metabolic engineering and its application prospect in agricultural production areas were prospected.

  Research Advances on Gynura bicolor from the Medicinal and Edible Plant 2014, 30 (4):  58-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1640 Abstract + ( 1035 )   PDF ( 505633KB )   ( 687 ) We described the Gynura bicolors from different family members. However, the breeding, cultivation, pest control, health function, health care tastes development ,red pigment extraction and so on were summarized from the Gynura bicolors medicinal and edible plant, At the same time,we prospected the further processing ,new varieties breeding and molecular biology research.

  The Character Evaluation and Seed Propagation for 80 Air-cured Tobacco Germplasm Resources 2014, 30 (4):  62-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1605 Abstract + ( 743 )   PDF ( 630262KB )   ( 692 ) In order to screened to excellent tobacco germplasm resources for tobacco breeding, and breeding seed storage in the National Gene Bank. 80 air-cured tobacco germplasm resources were evaluated for their character in the field. The result showed that there were large differences in the growing period duration, morphological and main agricultural character, and the CV of the budding period duration, main agricultural character was from 9.1% to 21.8% , 9.7% to 35.1% respectively. CV range from biger to smaller was the growing period duration, flowing duration, and the full growing period duration, node interval, stipe, angel between stem and leaf, plant height, effective leaf number, leaf width, stem girth, corolla diameter, calyx length, leaf length, angel between main vein and lateral veins, corolla length. The budding dates of‘Yongshengbianbianyan’was the earliest with 20 d, and than‘Luxiyamomi’and‘Mongbangshaiyan’, were 28 d and‘Pipaiyan’,‘Hekuotuyan’and‘Tuyan No.2’budding the latest with 52 d after being transplanting. The test screen out a few resources had less than 10 disease indexes, such as‘Xiangduoyan’,‘Luxichangyeyan’,‘Bayan’,‘Pipaiyan’,‘Shengnongdaye’,‘Tangpongyan’,‘Mangmongding No.4’,‘Xiachuengyan’,‘Niliangliuyeyan’, etc. With the help of clustering analysis, the germplasm resources were devided into two groups, and each group was devided into two subfamilies, and the each subfamily still could be devided into two types. Finally, the full date of each the germplasm resources were submitted to China Tobacco Heredity Breeding (North) Research Center to accomplish the bulild-up of China Tobacco Germplasm Resources Information Share Flatform, and 5 g seed of each germplasm resource was sent to for Chinese Tobacco Germplasm Bank.

  The Response of δ13C Change to Flue-cured Tobacco in Different Ecological Sub-regions 2014, 30 (4):  72-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1589 Abstract + ( 618 )   PDF ( 790511KB )   ( 578 ) In order to investigate that the differences of geographical, such as latitude and longitude and altitude, impact on tobacco planting, Midu County and Xiangyun County ,which in Dali , Camp Street in Yuxi were selected for the test point. The climate conditions, leaf stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C), photosynthetic pigments, resistance physiological characteristics and chemical composition were analyzed. The experiment showed that: temperature is the most important factor to influence flue-cured tobacco. Compared with Xiangyun and Midu, photosynthetic pigment have no obvious differences, Midu’s flavonoid,δ 13 c and LMA is higher. The variation trend of physiological characteristics on Midu and Camp Street is similar with Midu and Xiangyun. Compared the chemical composition of coordination, the Midu’s tobacco chemical composition is better, Xiangyun and Camp Street followed by, but the two are closer. On tobacco and soil’s δ13C ratio for sorting, still Midu's maximum, so Midu ecological environment is the most conducive to Honghuadajinyuan planting. The δ13C is the core of this experiment, and preliminary explanation that why Honghuadajinyuan are widely cultivated in Dali.

  Preliminary Study of Different Physiological Components of Stigmas and Styles in Nicotiana 2014, 30 (4):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1486 Abstract + ( 850 )   PDF ( 495213KB )   ( 569 ) The status and content of physiological components in the stigmas and styles were important to the germination and growth of pollen tubes. Soluble sugar, protein, acids, phenolic contents and POD isozyme activity in stigmas and styles of different Nicotiana species was determined by phenol method, coomassie brilliant blue, ninhydrin solution staining method, the forint method and guaiacol method. The results showed that the content and activity of different physiological components changed irregularly by the species and development stages. Acids content in stigmas was lower than that in styles among all the Nicotiana species and the same was true of soluble sugar apart from N. Stocktonii. On the contrary, phenolic contents in stigams was higher than that in styles and the same was true of POD isozyme activity apart from N. repanda. Protein contents in stigmas of [(gla.s) K326] and K326 was higher than that in styles.

  Relational Analysis of the Tobacco Leaf’s Reducing Sugar and the Main Chemical Components of Soil and Tobacco Leaf 2014, 30 (4):  85-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4013 Abstract + ( 688 )   PDF ( 517193KB )   ( 590 ) To explore the relationship of the tobacco leaf’s reducing sugar and the main chemical components of soil and tobacco leaf, we studied the influence of 15 kinds of tobacco chemical composition (reducing sugar, nicotine, total potassium, chloride, protein, total nitrogen, total P, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, K / Cl and sugar / nicotine) and 6 kinds of soil composition (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, K and the soil pH value) under two kinds of soil conditions. The results showed that Fe promoted a positive effect on reducing sugar and Ca could restrain the increase of reducing sugar, increased the content of Cu, Zn, Ca and decreased the content of Fe can reduce the reducing sugar content. Moreover, it could optimize the content of volatilizable aroma components and improve the quality of tobacco leaves in south of Anhui province through adjusting the main chemical composition of the soil and tobacco which could be reduced the reducing sugar’s content.

  Cloning And Bioinformatic Analysis of Transcription factor CBF2 in Arabidopsis thaliana 2014, 30 (4):  90-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1118 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 2030725KB )   ( 669 ) The purpose of this study was to clone the transcription factor CBF2 and analysis of the gene related information of the bioinformatics. Arabidopsis genomic DNA was used as templates, and primers were designed according to the Arabidopsis transcription factor CBF2 (FJ491243.1) of known sequence. The recycling amplified fragments were connected with T-easy vector, and then transformed into E. coli DH5α. The recombinant plasmid after blue-white screening was sequenced after lag selection, PCR, restriction enzyme digestion. With the bioinformatics analysis, the cloned CBF2 gene was 651 bp including code segment 648 bp, encoding 216 amino acids, the predicted CBF2 protein’s molecular formula was C1056H1623N293O333S16, whose relative molecular mass was 24.26 kDa and isoelectric point was 5.00. It was predicted that this protein was hydrophilic and non-secretary protein, and there was no signal peptide. Characteristic prediction results indicated that the secondary structure of CBF2 protein mainly includedα-helix,β-sheet and random coil. And there were night serine sites, six threonine sites, and two tyrosine sites. In this study, related information was obtained by means of bioinformatics analysis of CBF2 gene, and through comparing with previous studies, the gene played an important role in the plant resistance.

  Study on Technology of Rapid Propagation in Tissue Culture of Purple Sweet Potato 2014, 30 (4):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1679 Abstract + ( 883 )   PDF ( 587995KB )   ( 656 ) The use of sweet potato stem segments or shoot tips of purple as explants were cultured in medium proportions of various hormones, studying influencing factors of tissue culture of purple sweet potato, screening medium and culture conditions for training required for the best first generation, proliferation and rooting of. The results showed that: when the explant differentiation initial medium is MS+BA2.0mg/L (same unit as below), the best formula proliferation medium is MS+BA1.0+ NAA0.1-0.2, suitable rooting medium is 1/2MS+NAA0.1+IAA0.1.

  Characterization of Mutation at Locus eIF(iso)4E.a and Development of Related Markers in Chinese Cabbage 2014, 30 (4):  101-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1607 Abstract + ( 867 )   PDF ( 3728162KB )   ( 482 ) Interaction between virus of Potyviridae family and eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E is a common mechanism when they infect plant. TuMV of Potyviridae family is the most serious virus resource infecting Chinese cabbage. It can use both eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E when infection and each gene has three copies in genome of Chinese cabbage. Thus it’s necessary to screen the status of each locus among core Chinese cabbage germplasms resistant or susceptible to TuMV. At present study, we characterized three novel haplotypes among five lines possessing intact eIF(iso)4E.a gene; the status of eIF(iso)4E.a pseudogene was identified by Tail-PCR among seven lines studied. A set of codominant markers were developed to distinguish the intact state and pseudogene mutation. The stratage used in the study can still be used to identify status of other loci of eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E family or other functional genes. The markers could be used for breeding new virus-resistant varieties through polymerized cross and marker assisted selection when mutations and markers of other loci were identified.

  The Effects of the Extract Solution of the Parsley Seed on Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. cucumeris Pathogenicity 2014, 30 (4):  108-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1501 Abstract + ( 640 )   PDF ( 678373KB )   ( 494 ) To investigate the effects of the extracts solution of parsley seed on the pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. cucumerinum, the change of the activity of the three cell wall-degrading enzymes and content of the toxins (fusarinic acid) of Fusarium oxysporium f.sp. cucumerinum were studied by the methods of liquid culture. The result showed that, the activity of the three cell wall-degrading enzymes (pectinase, cellulase,β-glucosidase) secreted by cucumerinum was lower than the control after the extract treatment. And the contents of the toxins (fusarinic acid) produced by cucumerinum lower by 20.02%, 31.50% and 34.18% than the control. So allelochemicals of the eextracts solution of parsley seed inhibited the activity of cell wall hydrolase, and impeded the contents of fusarinic acid, and weakened the ability of pathogenicity to host.

  The Genetic Relationship of Malus Species Based on AFLP and SSR Markets Analysis 2014, 30 (4):  113-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1668 Abstract + ( 848 )   PDF ( 1481168KB )   ( 582 ) AFLPs and SSRs were compared in terms of their efficiency in studying the genetic relationship of 41 Malus species. Genetic relationship among 41 Malus species was analyzed by AFLP, SSR technique and AFLP+SSR. 7 primer pairs were selected from 64 AFLP primer pairs, and 7 primer pairs selected from 40 SSR primer pairs. The average polymorphic rate of 7 pairs of primers was 86.72% and 100.00%. UPGMA clustering analysis indicated that the 41 Malus species could be divided into 6 categories separately using the three methods, which were similar to the traditional classification methods. Some new found apple species were identified and clarified, the accuracy of the three methods were compared. The cluster results showed AFLP technique had higher consistency with traditional classification and field performance than SSR and AFLP+ SSR. The results provided molecular basis for classification of Malus germplasm resources.

  Hyperspectral Estimating Leaf Water Contents Based on Spectral Index in Apple 2014, 30 (4):  120-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1599 Abstract + ( 812 )   PDF ( 3918808KB )   ( 658 ) The objective of the paper is to establish a hyperspectral estimating model of rapid and nondestructive for the apple leaf water contents and to provide the theoretical basis of drought warning for the fruit tree. The apple leaves were collected as the research object on two different growthes and studied the different water contents of apple leaves of hyperspectral features. The relationship was analyzed between the different leaves water contents and spectral parameters. Estimating models of apple leaf water contents were set up by means of constructing six common spectral indexes which were WI, WBI, PWI, GVWI, MSI and NDWI. The results indicated that sensitive bands of the apple leaf hyperspectral were focused mainly on the near infrared and short wave infrared light areas. All single variable estimating models reached a significant level (P＜0.01) by six vegetation moisture indexes. But the moisture index established estimation model was y=29503x2-57746x+28317, its fitting determination coefficient R2=0.5401, was the largest. The model tested, its RMSE was 2.4 and RE was 5.8% . The test accuracy of the model reached 94.2% . Using principal component analysis method, the model was y=-556.819+347.838x1-17.815x2-27.864x3+299.492x4+ 25.647x5+9.835x6, its fitting determination coefficient R2=0.6371. The model tested, its RMSE was 1.26 and RE was 1.8%. The test accuracy of model reached 98.2%. It showed that the estimating model of apple leaves water contents had good sensitivity and stability using principal component regression analysis method.

  The Influence of Mineral Nutrient Elements Content of Almond’s Leaves on Exogenous Fertilizer of N、P and K 2014, 30 (4):  127-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1473 Abstract + ( 718 )   PDF ( 538203KB )   ( 538 ) For research the influence of mineral nutrient elements content of almond’s leaves on exogenous fertilizer of N, P and K, providing the theory of references for nutrition diagnosis of balanced fertilization technology in Xinjiang. The soil was fertilized by different concentration’s fertilizers of N, P and K in the almond garden which was in fruit during the budding period from 2009 to 2010. From the determination and analysis of ten kinds of mineral nutrient elements content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu). The results showed that exogenous fertilizer of N, P and K can improve the corresponding elements in the leaves. N can promote the absorption of P, B, Fe, Zn and Cu, but restrict the absorption of K, Ca and Mn. P can promote the absorption of N, K, Mg and Mn, but restrict the absorption of Zn and Fe. K can promote the absorption of B, Fe and Zn, but restrict the absorption of N, P, Ca and Mg. It can significant or extraordinary significant improve the corresponding element content of almond’s leaves after spraying different fertilizers of N, P and K. There was linear relationship between fertilized quantity and the absorbed elements content of leaves, and also the fertilizer of N, P and K formed to promote and restrict dual relationship for nine kinds of various mineral elements content of almond’s leaves.

  The Effects of 60Co-γ Ray Irradiation on Germination of Macadamia Pollen 2014, 30 (4):  132-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2460 Abstract + ( 656 )   PDF ( 966976KB )   ( 581 ) In order to explore the effects of 60Co-γ ray irradiation on the pollen germination of different macadamia cultivars, the fresh pollen of macadamia cultivar‘HAES900’and‘HAES951’were irradiated by 60Co-γ ray at different dose with the dose rate of 10 Gy/h, the pollen viability and morphology were observed. The results indicated that the in vitro pollen germination rate of‘HAES900’increased with dose increasing after low dose irradiation and the pollen germination rate of‘HAES951’increased firstly and then decreased. After irradiation at high dose, the in vitro pollen germination rate of‘HAES900’increased firstly and then significantly decreased, and‘HAES951’decreased significantly. The variation of pollen tube length in the same treatment was larger after irradiation of 60Co-γ ray at high dose; some pollen tubes appeared distorted or intumescent at the top. The lethal dose of both‘HAES900’and‘HAES951’were 600 Gy, but the LD50 of‘HAES900’and‘HAES951’was 480 Gy and 360 Gy respectively. The study found that irradiation of 60Co-γ ray at low dose could promote the macadamia pollen germination in vitro and at high dose could inhibit the pollen germination; the cultivar‘HAES951’was more sensitive to 60Co-γ ray irradiation.

  Classification of Zhaoqing Local Citrus Germplasm Resources based on Simple Sequence Repeat Molecular Marker Analysis 2014, 30 (4):  137-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1625 Abstract + ( 657 )   PDF ( 1699327KB )   ( 473 ) Evaluation of genetic relationship between Zhaoqing local citrus germplasm resources and other citrus cultivars and related genera by simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular marker technique, the results of present study may provide solid supporting evidence for their classification and breeding.The materials include main citrus cultivars planted in this region (8 samples), other Citrus cultivars (20 samples), Poncirus (1 sample), and Atalantia (1 sample, used as out-group) for PCR amplification with 13 pairs of SSR primers, the amplification product was tested in 1×TBE buffer solution using 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. Cluster analysis was performed using UPGMA, and a cluster tree was built using the NTSYSpc2.1 analysis software. Meanwhile, the genetic similarity coefficient was calculated. A total of 13 primer pairs with high polymorphism were selected from the 34 pairs of SSR. The codes of primer sequence with polymorphism are TAA3，CTT01，TAA15，SS18，TAA1，SS16，CMS30，CAC19，CMS24，CSSR036，CMS14，CMS21，CMS20. A total of 83 polymorphic bands were amplified. Each primer has an average of 6.4 polymorphic bands. The average polymorphism is 100%. The clustering results show that the SSR molecular marker technique can reveal genetic diversity and differentiate citrus, Poncitrus, and Atalantia genera from one another. This method is proven effective in identifying citrus species, breeds, and strains in this region. SSR molecular marker technique can effectively differentiate Zhaoqing local citrus germplasm resources . Tested materials showed a closer genetic relationship.

  Study on the Pollen Viability of‘Caozhou’Chaenomeles speciosa’s Traditional Cultivation Types and Specific Germplasms 2014, 30 (4):  144-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1660 Abstract + ( 757 )   PDF ( 496198KB )   ( 415 ) In order to study the differences of ‘Caozhou’ Chaenomeles speciosa’s different cultivation types and specific pollen viabilities, isolated culture was used in the experiment to test pollen viability of ten ‘Caozhou’ Chaenomeles speciosa, to explore the differences of pollen viability among different kinds and sexual distinction. The results showed that, there were some differences among different kinds of ‘Caozhou’ Chaenomeles speciosa’s pollen germination speed. The best time to test pollen viabilities of ‘Yulan’, ‘Shenghua’, ‘Xipi’, ‘Douqing’, ‘Changqing’, ‘Xiaoshizitou’, ‘dwarf’ was cultivating three hours, and best time to test pollen viabilities of ‘Fomian’, ‘Dashizitou’ and ‘pear-shaped’ was cultivating six hours. There were no significant affects on pollen viability of Bisexual flowers and abortive. But the differences of pollen viability among different species and cultivars were significant. The pollen viability of ‘Caozhou’ Chaenomeles speciosa was better, the average germination rate was eighty percent. The lowest germination rate was 42.9%, and the highest germination rate was 86.1%.

  Comparison of Different Culture Methods in Ultra-structure of Starch Granules of Oriental Hybrid Lily 2014, 30 (4):  148-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1657 Abstract + ( 899 )   PDF ( 14526944KB )   ( 371 ) In order to study the mechanism of bulb development, the test material was oriental hybrid lily ‘Sorbonne’. Comparison of different culture methods in ultra-structure of physiological indexes (such as starch content, soluble sugar content, protein content) and starch granules of oriental hybrid lily was studied. Results showed that: the marketable bulb of starch granules was obvious more than that in cuttage and in test tube in quantity. Water content in the marketable bulb was the least in the three. The result was consistent with the determination of starch content. Protein content in the marketable bulb was the lowest, which in test tube bulb was highest. The starch granules which were big and small were co-exist in marketable bulb, and that was the same size in cuttage or in test tube. The quantity of bulb of starch granules was obvious the most in the basal than that of the middle and the upper, whether it was marketable bulb, bulb in cuttage and in test tube.

  Research on the SO2 Resistance in Three Kinds of Foliage Plants 2014, 30 (4):  152-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1666 Abstract + ( 647 )   PDF ( 569028KB )   ( 516 ) The purification effect of 3 important landscaping plants, green dill, ivy and chlorophytum, on contaminant gas SO2 was studied. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and chlorophyll (Chl) in these plants under fumigation with SO2 of different concentration were analyzed. The results showed that the activity of these antioxidase and physiological indices changed differently with an increasing in concentration of SO2. The MDA in these plants increased significantly, with ivy the highest and green dill the lowest. The SOD in ivy and chlorophytum exhibited an increase followed by a decrease, while the SOD in green dill decreased significantly. The POD in all plants increased and then decreased significantly; the maximum concentrations of POD under a SO2 gas 60 mg/m3 was 1.58, 2.34 and 0.07△OD470/(min·mg) for green dill, ivy and chlorophytum, respectively. Content of Chl decreased significantly with ivy showing the largest effect and green dill showing the smallest effect.

  Determining the Cold Hardiness of Tea Germplasm from Fujian 2014, 30 (4):  157-161.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1603 Abstract + ( 766 )   PDF ( 566590KB )   ( 660 ) Aiming at understanding the cold resistance of tea gemplasms resources in Fujian province, 34 tea germplasms was preliminarily indentified with electrical conductivity method, freezer method, natural field method and synthetic order preference method. The result showed that these tea germplasms were affected significantly during different low temperature. Slight damage was observed from tea germplasms when air temperature was -6℃.When air temperature was -9℃, 17.6% tea germplasms were freezed injuredly. When air temperature was -12℃, 67.6% tea germplasms were freezed injuredly. However, the result also showed that great differences of cold resistance and adaptability were observed during 34 tea germplasms. The chilling resistance of local tea germplasms was great different, but the chilling resistance of new hybrid lines was between two parents. Low critical temperature of tea germplasms was under -9℃.In conclusion, these tea germplasms belonging to more resistance to chilly type, were suitable to be planted in tea area in the south of the Yang tze River and the southern part of China.

  Influence of Glomus mosseae Inoculation on the Growth of and Phosphorus, Sulfur, Arsenic Uptake by Tobacco Under Phosphogypsum Addition Conditions 2014, 30 (4):  162-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1553 Abstract + ( 827 )   PDF ( 957464KB )   ( 483 ) This objective of this research was to find out the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on seedling growth of and nutrient uptake by tobacco grown on the soil with P deficiency and low S, as well as explore the application possibility of PG to agricultural soil. A pot simulation experiment was conducted to study the seedling growth of and phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), arsenic (As) uptake by tobacco ‘NC297’ under different phosphogypsum (PG) addition levels (0, 40 g/kg) and mycorrhizal inoculation status [none mycorrhizal(NM), Glomus mosseae (GM)]. The result showed that whether inoculation or not, the ‘NC297’ shoot and root biomass were increased by PG addition (PG40) significantly, and P concentrations in and uptake by shoot and root as well as P, S, As specific absorption rate (SAR) of ‘NC297’ were also increased by PG40 significantly, thus making the As concentrations in and uptake by, uptake ratio of P to As (P/As ratio) in roots, and S concentrations in and uptake by shoots increased. With the same phosphgypsum addition levels, inoculation GM fungi significantly increased P SAR and P/As ratio in ‘NC297’ plants and shoot P and S concentrations and uptake, but significantly decreased ‘NC297’ shoot and root As concentrations and uptake under PG0 treatments. Therefore the combination treatment of PG40 and GM inoculation was more effective for promoting plant growth through increasing P, S uptake and resisting As stress to tobacco plants.

  The Influence of Tobacco Seed Transplanting Above Plastic Mulching and that under Plastic Mulching on the Growth of Flue-Cured Tobacco and the Quality of Tobacco Leaf 2014, 30 (4):  170-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2075 Abstract + ( 836 )   PDF ( 506081KB )   ( 667 ) The result of comparisons of the growth stages, botanical characters of tobacco plants transplanting under plastic mulching and that above plastic mulching, and the economic traits, appearance quality and interior quality of Flue-Cured tobacco show that though the former method can advance the transplanting time the ripening time of tobacco leaf only enjoys a little ahead. Besides, transplanting under plastic mulching or above that doesn’t affect the growth, botanic character, economic benefits and quality of tobacco leaf a lot. In addition, transplanting under plastic mulching requires more labors, so as a result transplanting above mulching in early March is preferred.

  Effects of Soilless Culture on Cherry Tomato Characters after Using Foliar Fertilizer and Study on the Mathematical Model of Pplant Characters and Yield 2014, 30 (4):  175-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1684 Abstract + ( 895 )   PDF ( 523073KB )   ( 683 ) The aim was to explore the cherry tomato soilless cultivation effect and plant production in tropical areas of Hainan. In this paper, different foliar fertilizers were used by 3 treatments and 3 times for yield contrast test. The mathematical model of plant characters and yield were built for best effect test. It showed that there was 20.2% yield-increasing than traditional fertilization after using foliar fertilizer, about increasing 2250 kg/hm2. The mathematical model of yield and plant height was YYield=(47.92060XHeight-24.95763)2 (P= 0.0114＜0.05), yield and stem width was YYield=(61.885Xwidth-46.97988)2 (P=0.0372＜0.05). So, development of soilless culture for cherry tomato in Hainan was feasible, and it could be adjusted by regulating the growth of plants to improve yield, increase economic benefits.

  Study on Substrates Formula for Pepper Seedling Mainly with Edible Fungus Scrap and Cattle Manure 2014, 30 (4):  179-184.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1566 Abstract + ( 1094 )   PDF ( 531264KB )   ( 619 ) Pepper seedling substrate, mainly consisted of edible fungus scrap and cattle manure, was selected. In this study, with 13 kinds of seeding substrate formulas, in various proportions, mixed by edible fungus scrap, cattle manure and perlite, and with Lverwang seeding substrate (made in Shouguang, Shandong Province) mainly consisting of peat as control, the pepper variety,‘Hangjiao 5’was selected and complete random design was applied to carry out plug seedling. Consequently, it showed us that the seedling growth indexes treated by T6 [cattle manure: mushroom stick: perlite=4:2:4 (V/V)], T10 [cattle manure: mushroom stick: perlite= 3:5:2 (V/V)], T11 [cattle manure: mushroom stick: perlite=3:4:3 (V/V)], were significantly better than the control. Besides, among them, plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight of the whole pant, aerial part and underground part, as well as dry weight of underground part of seedlings treated by T10 had the best appearance, and those treated by T6, T11 both come second. In terms of cholorophyll content, seedling index, dry weight of aerial part and whole plant, T6 had the best appearance and both of T10, T11 came second, however, the control had the lowest powder lump rate. In conclusion, comprehensively, T6 and T10 displayed a relatively better effect, thus, which could be considered as the optimal substrate formula for pepper seedling in Zhangye.

  Effect of Different Substrate Formula on Yield of Agaricus bisporus 2014, 30 (4):  185-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1147 Abstract + ( 1028 )   PDF ( 593189KB )   ( 1178 ) In order to take full advantage of straw resources, based on the traditional formula of wheat straw and fowl manure in tunnel fermentation, separately add spent mushroom compost and corn straw, then study the moisture content, pH, the nitrogen content and C/N during the composting between different formulas, finally count the yield and agronomy traits of Agaricus bisporus. The results showed that the moisture content was the highest in formula which was added corn straw, the nitrogen content was maximum in traditional formula, and there was only a small difference of pH between three treatments from beginning composting to phaseⅡ. The yield was 18.31 kg/m2 for traditional formula, 11.43 kg/m2 for formula added spent mushroom compost and 14.48 kg/m2 for formula added corn straw. The proportion of flushⅠwas significantly improved for formula added corn straw. Moreover yield was related to C/N of compost in phaseⅡ.

  Effect of Different Chemical Treatment on Growth and Fruit Setting Rate of Lingwu Long Jujube Planted in Greenhouse 2014, 30 (4):  190-194.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1515 Abstract + ( 686 )   PDF ( 845531KB )   ( 460 ) Using KH2PO4(0.2%)+sucrose(0.3%)、gibberellin(30ppm)、Israel special fertilizer(0.3%)、boric acid(0.3%) to treat the plant of lingwu long Jujube grew in greenhouse. This paper studied the effect of different chemical treatment on growth and fruit setting rate in lingwu long Jujube. The results showed that all these treatment have no significance effect on growth、net photosynthesis rate ,and water utilization efficiency ,but the fruit setting rate of lingwu long Jujube were increased by 3 times and 2.6 times when treated by saccharose(0.3%) and Israel special fertilizer(0.3%) respectively ,and the leaf chlorophyll contents and shading rate were increased also when treated. Above all, Israel special fertilizer(0.3%) has significant effect on fruit setting rate and shading rate in lingwu long Jujube when spayed at flower stage and fruit growth stage ,that it should be applied in lingwu long Jujube cultivation.

  Analysis on the Ecological and Economic Benefits of Cultivation Patterns of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. in Hilly Loess Region 2014, 30 (4):  195-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1492 Abstract + ( 681 )   PDF ( 507097KB )   ( 559 ) In order to study the ecological and economic benefits of different cultivation patterns of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat varieties, split plot experiment was designed using 3 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat varieties as primary factors and 3 cultivation patterns as secondary factors. The varieties included Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat originating in Bozhou, Henan and Hangzhou. The cultivation patterns involved watermelon interplanting, transplanting after wheat harvest and single planting. The results showed that: the pattern of intercropping with watermelon was the best for both economic and ecological benefits. The economic output of Bozhou Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat was the highest. Because it could make full use of natural temperature, moisture, light and other ecological factors, and had higher economic and ecological benefit, intercropping watermelon with Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat could be popularized in similar rigions. 3 varieties were suitable for introduction and cultivation in hilly loess regions of southern Shanxi Province.

  Effects of Sowing Date on the Light Use Efficiency and Yield of Platycodon grandiflorum 2014, 30 (4):  200-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1714 Abstract + ( 648 )   PDF ( 540587KB )   ( 413 ) This study was conducted to explore the effects of different sowing dates on light utilization and yield of Platucodon gradiflorum canopy structure and to reveal the efficient utilization modes of different sowing dates, and finally to provide the basis for establishment and improvement of P. gradiflorum cultivation techniques. In this text, the LP-80 plant canopy analysis was adopted. The canopy photosynthetically active radiation, interception rate, conversion rate and use efficiency of P. gradiflorum under both the spring sowing and the summer sowing were investigated, and the agronomic traits of its overground part and root segment were also compared to do correlation analysis. The results of the experiment were shown as follows: (1) at the harvest time that year, although the spring sowing had the advantage of higher plant height and longer taproot, it had the disadvantage of more severe aging and falling off of leaf blade, higher transmittance of canopy structure and lower solar energy utilization; the summer sowing still had a stronger photosynthetic capacity although the reflection loss of canopy structure was severe. (2) The spring sowing had higher yield and better root type, which was suitable for use as one year of medicinal cultivation, and P. gradiflorum could be dug in the end of October; for the summer sowing, the canopy radiation utilization remained at a higher level in mid to late October, which was suitable for use as two years of food cultivation.

  Effects of Species and Cultivation Models on the Production of Gastrodia elata in Northern Area 2014, 30 (4):  205-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0289 Abstract + ( 575 )   PDF ( 583887KB )   ( 528 ) In the present study, 3 species of Gastrodia elata (red stem, green stem, and black stem) and 3 cultivation models (indoor plot planting, indoor basket planting, and outdoor planting) were used for screening the best specie and cultivation model in northern solar greenhouses. Production of monolayer and double-layer cultivation models was also investigated. The results showed that the optimal cultivated species in northern solar greenhouses was red stem G. elata, followed by green stem G. elata, and finally black stem G. elata. Over 1 g seed red stem G. elata formed 33% of total amount and 79% of total production, which was the highest among the tested three. Among the tested 3 cultivation models, indoor plot planting manifested the highest production, followed by indoor basket planting and outdoor planting. Among all the tested 3 species, production of double-layer cultivation was remarkably higher than monolayer cultivation.

  Contents Comparison and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Soil of Guizhou Major Tea Garden 2014, 30 (4):  210-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1559 Abstract + ( 901 )   PDF ( 529748KB )   ( 656 ) In order to identify pollution status of heavy metals in tea garden soil in Guizhou, to ascertain soil heavy metal pollution of tea garden in Guizhou, protect the quality and safety of tea. Soil samples were collected in Yunwu, Duyun and Meitan tea producing areas in Guizhou Province, and the contents of heavy metals Cr, Cu, As, Cd and Zn were analyzed. Single factor pollution index and pollution load index were evaluated as the based on the tea gardens soil environmental quality standards of NY 5020-2001 Green Food Tea Producing Environmental Conditions. The results showed good soil quality of tea gardens in Guizhou. The PLIzone of Yunwu, Duyun, Meitan were less than 1, the order of pollution load index was Meitan>Yunwu> Duyun. Contents of Cr, Cu, As, Cd in 3 tea producing areas soils were all below the limited values of pollution-free tea garden soil, but Zn exceeded the limited values in part of Meitan tea area. Cu and As had highly significant negative correlation in three tea gardens soil, Cd and Cr were highly significant between the positive correlation, which indicated that Cd and Cr were homology.

  The Progress of Issues of Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security of Oil Palm 2014, 30 (4):  215-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1426 Abstract + ( 766 )   PDF ( 559242KB )   ( 898 ) The aim of this review was to provide some useful insights for the sustainable and healthy development of China's oil palm industry. Firstly, significance of studies on issues regard to integrated pest management (IPM) and ecological security in the development of oil palm industry in China was elaborated, then a brief overview of diseases, pests and rats of oil palm at home and abroad was made, which focused the principles of integrated control and the construction of monitoring and forecasting system; finally, 5 IPM measures for the development of oil palm industry were put forward.

  Research Advances on the Bionomics and Control of Sitophilus zeamais M. 2014, 30 (4):  221-225.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0443 Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 496906KB )   ( 634 ) Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky belongs to Coleoptera, Curculionidae, it is the important early storage pests, which is ranked the number one destructive pests in stored grain. It is more and more harmful to stored grain recently, so the research to this pest had got more and more notice. This paper gave a review on the research advance in S. zeamais Motschulsky about the influence of temperature, moisture, nutrition on the S. zeamais Motschulsky and the present situation of preventions-treatments measures. The strategies and research direction to continuously control S. zeamais Motschulsky were pointed out as follows: to study the fluctuation rules of population, to carry out the model form of population harm, to pay attention to the pollution-free prevention and control technology. The purpose to research the bionomics and prevention of maize weevil was to provide technological backup for controlling the pest population system.

  Research Progress on Corn Rust in China 2014, 30 (4):  226-231.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1232 Abstract + ( 1064 )   PDF ( 548831KB )   ( 1385 ) The corn rust had been one of the major diseases to producing areas of maize in China at present. In this paper, the disease characters of corn rust, together with its damage actuality and pathogeny were summarized, and the anti-disease mechanism and resistant cultivars improvement of maize were reviewed. In addition, integrated control of corn rust was analyzed and advanced according to its occurrence and damage characters, and the fundamental measure that planting resistant cultivars to control corn rust was presented. Finally, research suggested that the damage of corn rust has been more serious. As a result, breeding of resistant cultivar of corn especially that of fresh corn should be accelerated, to provide security for control of corn rust and producing of maize.

  Progress on Avirulence Genes in Magnaporthe grisea 2014, 30 (4):  232-237.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1656 Abstract + ( 1246 )   PDF ( 573907KB )   ( 909 ) The specific interaction between rice and Magnaporthe grisea is an important model system for studying the host-pathogen interaction mechanisms. Avirulence genes (Avr) are hereditary factors of pathogen which could induce disease resistance of host plant and are the most important elicitor of the interaction between host and pathogen. In order to find a new way of precaution and cure rice blast, the significance of M. grisea avirulence gene and three modes of interaction between resistance gene and avirulence gene were summarized, and recent research progresses on avirulence gene and molecular cloning and functional analysis of avirulence gene were summarized, and the application in rice blast epidemic and forecast was also been discussed. It pointed that it was more scientific and practical to classify M. grisea by the connection between resistance gene and avirulence gene and should accelerate the process of avirulence gene cloning.

  Progress and Countermeasures for Soft Rot Disease of Amorphophallus konjac 2014, 30 (4):  238-241.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1912 Abstract + ( 746 )   PDF ( 449607KB )   ( 809 ) Soft rot disease occurred frequently has become the bottleneck for restricting the development of konjac planting industry. The research progress of the identification, the infection pathways, the prevention and control of soft rot pathogens was summarized. We can screen and create the resource for konjac of the high quality and disease resistance (tolerance), so we can obtain resistance materials of soft rot disease. We can mine new bioactive substances or new genes against pathogen of the soft rot by the metagenomic library constructed of the rhizosphere soil microbial of konjac, so we can obtain the new resources and strategies for ecological prevention the soft rot disease. We can study the change of soil microbial community for konjac rhizosphere by the theory of the rhizosphere microecological balance, so we can reduce or eliminate the soft rot disease of konjac by the modified for the soil biological activity.

  Recent Advances in Rapid Detection Technology of Pesticide Residue 2014, 30 (4):  242-250.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1105 Abstract + ( 845 )   PDF ( 550099KB )   ( 969 ) Enzymatic inhibition method, immunoassay and biosensor are playing an increasingly important role in rapid detection of pesticide residues, drawing developing attention of the international society. This article introduced the testing principle, research status and practical application situation of enzymatic inhibition method, immunoassay and biosensor in detail, and discussed the future development trend of the technology of rapid detection of pesticide residues.

  Research Progress in Structure, Function and Signal Transduction on the PR10 Protein 2014, 30 (4):  251-258.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2152 Abstract + ( 752 )   PDF ( 708880KB )   ( 635 ) PR10 is a kind of pathogenesis-related protein (Pathogenesis related proteins, PRs), which was induced by various biotic and abiotic stress. This paper reviewed and summarized the recent progress of PRs and PR10 firstly. PR10 protein sequence and structural characteristics were mainly introduced and PR10 signal transduction pathways were summarized combining with domestic and foreign research production; Different functions of PR10 protein were analyzed, such as having nuclease activity, resistance to pathogenic microorganisms and other biotic and abiotic stress, as well as being closely related to the host cell programmed death. Finally, still existing problems in the present study and future prospects were put forward for PR10. So we think deep exploring on the function and mechanism of this disease resistance-related gene for improving the quality and yields of crops has important significance in the future.

  The Antimicrobial Activity of 5 kinds of Mangrove Fungi in Rhizosphere soil and Endophytic Fungi 2014, 30 (4):  259-263.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0519 Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 544290KB )   ( 733 ) In order to obtain the new antibacterial compounds from the marine fungi, the antibacterial activities on the secondary metabolites of the medicinal mangrove rhizosphere soil of symbiotic fungi and endophytic fungi were tested. The secondary metabolites of marine fungi were tested 6 sensitive bacteria by the disc diffusion method according to its antibacterial circle diameter. 50 strains of fungi were isolated from the mangrove plants, Aegiceras corniculata, Kandelia candel, white lotus, Bruguiera cylindrica and Acanthus ilicifolius. The secondary metabolites of 16 fungi showed antibacterial activity, 30.77% of the total fungi, and the highest antibacterial activity of Staphyloccocus aureus reached to 32% . Accoding to the study, the secondary metabolites of HGC-MT3-A, HGC-LT3-A and HGC-QJ1-A, HGC-MT3-A, HGC-LT3-A, HGC-QJ1-A, HGC-TY3-A showed strong antibacterial activity for E.coli, Micrococcus luteus, White staphylococcus and Bacillus subtilis respectively. The secondary metabolites of HGC-QJ1-A, HGC-QY2-A, HGC-MT3-A, HGC-TY3-A, HGC-LT3-A and HGC-TT22-A1 showed strong sterilization effect respectively to Staphyloccocus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, White staphylococcus and Bacillus subtilis; the bactericidal concentration of HGC-LT3-A and HGC-TT22-A1 to White staphylococcus were 25 mg/mL; the bactericidal concentration of HGC-MT3-A and HGC-TT22-A1 to E.coli respectively was 1.56 mg/mL and 3.125 mg/mL. The secondary metabolites of symbiotic fungi and endophytic fungi from the medicinal mangrove plants and rhizosphere soil were important resources of novel antibiotic compounds.

  With the introduction of time the varying responses of Eupatorium adenophorum in vegetative growth and insect resistance 2014, 30 (4):  264-269.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1542 Abstract + ( 739 )   PDF ( 825445KB )   ( 593 ) Crofton weed (Eupatorium adenophorum) is one of the worst invasive species in China，and there is the risk of invasive Huazhong area according to the existing route. In order to analyse the responses of phenotypic varying in introduced ranges, populations of crofton weed collected from Xichang in 2009 and 2012 were planted in a field common-garden. The growth parameters such as plant height, stem diameter, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, as well as the resistance to Fabricius（Prodenia litura）, were compared between cutting seedlings of the two populations. The results showed that the leaf C/N ratios of Eupatorium adenophorum were similar beween the two populations, however, plant height, stem diameter and the insect resistance were highly significantly higher in 3-year population than 1-year population, showing obvious phenotypic plasticity; specific leaf area increased significantly with the time of introducing prolonged, while leaf dry matter content significantly reduced. The survival strategy and the competition ability for the above space in plant can be reflected though the combination of plant height and some leaf characters, larger plants meaning with more resources. With the extending of introduction time, there have enhanced in the adapation ability, accessing to resources and insect resistance for generalist herbivory in the introduced range as well as no-specialists. As low matter content for defence against generalists herbivores and low-cost for synthesis, the plant use more resources to grow. therefore, in the process of E. adenophorum control we should be introduce natural enemies and chemical control in the early invasion, we may control its spread more effectively.

  The Effects of Water Extracts from Different Straws on Seed Germination and Growth of Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) Under Different Light Intensities 2014, 30 (4):  270-274.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0846 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 1040710KB )   ( 439 ) The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of water extracts from 4 different straws on germination and growth of crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) under different light intensities. 4 different straws of rice, sweet corn, banana and sugarcane were collected from farmland and orchard after fruit were harvested. The effects of water extract from different straws on germination, radicle and germ of crabgrass were assessed by seed petri dish bioassay under different light intensities (0-totally darkness, 800 lx and 4000 lx). The result showed that firstly, totally darkness, in contrast with the 800 lx and 4000 lx light intensities, could reduce the germination of crabgrass seed a bit, but still its germination rate was up to 70% and more. Secondly, totally darkness was the most significant one that inhibited the germination of crabgrass among 3 light intensities, and the higher water extracts concentration, the lower seed germination. However, the effects of water extracts on radicle and germ were not obvious. Thirdly, the inhibiting order of the four water extracts to the germination of crabgrass was rice > sugarcane > banana > sweet corn.

  The effects of fertilization and light intensity on the growth and competition of winter wheat weeds Geranium carolinianum and Vicia sativa 2014, 30 (4):  275-282.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0564 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 677648KB )   ( 443 ) In order to study the effects of fertilization and light intensity on weeds in winter wheat field and effectively utilize fertilization modes comprehensive manage winter wheat field advantage weeds, pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of fertilization on seed germination of winter wheat weeds Geranium carolinianum and Vicia sativa, and the effects of fertilization on the growth and competition of the two weed species under different light intensities. The results showed that Geranium carolinianum seed germinated faster and had a higher rate of germination, and its germination started earlier, too. And in the processes of seed germination, Vicia sativa seed was more competitive than Geranium carolinianum seed. Different lighting conditions affected the role of fertilization on the growth of the two weed species. In the case of the two weed species competition, with the reduction of light intensity Geranium carolinianum showed a strong competitiveness for the nutrient elements at different growth stages. Above results showed that the relatively large competitiveness differences of nutrient elements of the two weeds in different growth stages and the nutrient elements competition change of different lighting conditions on the two weeds provided possibility for integrated weed preventing in agriculture by rational fertilization.

  Studies on the Synergistic Effects of JS399-19 and Hexaconazole to Rhizoctonia cerealis and R. solani 2014, 30 (4):  283-287.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1506 Abstract + ( 661 )   PDF ( 517818KB )   ( 446 ) In order to clarify the synergistic effects of mixed JS399-19 and Hexaconazole to Rhizoctonia cerealis and R. solani and to find the best mixed ratio of two preparations, the JS399-19 and Hexaconazole and their mixtures-made up by mixing the two pesticides in five different ratios, on Rhizoctonia cerealis and R. solani were tested by mycelial growth rate method. Experimental results demonstrated that EC50 of JS399-19, Hexaconazole, and their five different ratios to Rhizoctonia cerealis were 0.212, 0.339, 0.227, 0.207, 0.213, 0.315, 0.320 mg/L. The efficiency coefficients of the five different ratios to Rhizoctonia cerealis were 1.35, 1.52, 1.51, 1.02, 1.02. Experimental results demonstrated that EC50 of JS399-19, Hexaconazole, and their five different ratios to R. solani were 0.452, 2.984, 1.091, 1.139, 1.217, 1.280, 1.781 mg/L. The efficiency coefficients of the five different ratios to R. solani were 1.41, 1.54, 1.57, 1.59, 1.20. The mixed ratio of two preparation 1:(7-9) to Rhizoctonia cerealis and R. solani had synergistic effects.

  Studies on Core Collection of Rice Germplasms for Resistance to White-backed Planthopper 2014, 30 (4):  288-292.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2137 Abstract + ( 681 )   PDF ( 530266KB )   ( 439 ) For developing a core collection of rice germplasms for resistance to white-backed planthopper (WBPH), a total of 101 rice accessions which resistant to WBPH were used for evaluating 10 main agronomic traits by field observation, resistance grouping, and ward clustering analysis. The results indicated that core collection was composed of 12 accessions, which max, min, range, mean, standard deviation, variable coefficient and index of diversity of 10 characters analyzed were very close to those of the whole collection. Core collection covered genetic diversity of the whole collection.

  Control Efficacy of 9 Fungicides Against Chinese Chives Gray Mold 2014, 30 (4):  293-298.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3021 Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 564880KB )   ( 453 ) The aim of this study was conducted to provide reference for the screening of novel fungicides and their scientific application in fields. 2010-2012, 6 experimental fungicides and 3 bio-control agents were selected to conduct field efficacy trials used to control Chinese chives gray mold in fields in 3 consecutive years. The results showed that, the control effect of carbendazim 50% WP, procymidone 50% WP, pyrimethanil 40% SC, chlorothalonil 75% WP, difenoconazole 10% WDG, SYP-Z048 25% EC, polyoxin 10% WP, berberine 0.5% and pythium oligadrum 106 spores/g WP were respectively 69.09% , 63.36%-67.62% , 64.90%-76.41% , 72.62% , 54.32%-72.61% , 82.14%-84.72% , 22.04% , 38.07%和12.15% . Carbendazim 50% WP, procymidone 50% WP, pyrimethanil 40% SC, chlorothalonil 75% WP and difenoconazole 10% WDG exhibited common efficacy in Chinese chives gray mold management, while SYP-Z048 25% EC had a safety and steady efficacy with a control effect of more than 80%. 3 bio-control agents also performed certain effect.

  Allelopathy of Panax notoginseng Aqueous Extracts on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Several Crops Seeds 2014, 30 (4):  299-303.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1944 Abstract + ( 758 )   PDF ( 580622KB )   ( 469 ) The aim was to compare the strength of allelopathy of Panax notoginseng aqueous extracts through different parts, different concentrations and different growth years, and select suitable plants that could rotate Panax notoginseng. Wheat, corn and rape was selected as receptors, the allelopathy of Panax notoginseng aqueous extracts on seed germination and seedling growth was compared with orthogonal test on these three seeds. (1) Aqueous extracts of various parts of Panax notoginseng inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of wheat, rape. (2) Panax notoginseng aqueous extracts in low concentrations could promote seed germination and seedling growth, but inhibit in high concentrations. (3) Allelopathies of Panax notoginseng aqueous extracts of different growth years and different parts on recipient plants were also significant differences. In all test factors, different concentrations of Panax notoginseng aqueous extracts had the most significant impact on recipient plants. Corn was the best suited plants that could rotate Panax notoginseng in three recipient plants, and it might be relate to the strong tolerance of corn on allelopathy of Panax notoginseng. Key words: Panax notoginseng; aqueous extracts; allelopathy; orthogonal test method

  Optimization of Floral Attractant Formula with Broad-trapping Spectrum of Moths Using Uniform Design 2014, 30 (4):  304-311.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1361 Abstract + ( 788 )   PDF ( 872715KB )   ( 485 ) In order to define the interaction between floral compositions and study the appropriate screening methods of floral attractants trapping moths, the authors mixed a list of floral attractant formulas using formula uniform design and conducted field trapping for noctuids and pyralids as the main target. The results showed that the selected floral attractants could mass trap a variety of important moth pests including Helicoverpa armigera, Argyrogramma agnate, A. albostriata, Spodoptera exigua, Hymenia recurvalis, Ostrinia furnacalis, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Maruca testulalis, etc. Among floral compositions, phenylacetaldehyde, benzyl acetate and salicylaldehyde were three key active compositions with wide-trapping moths, however, two aromatic compounds with the shortest side chain, benaldehyde and benzyl alcohol, exhibited generic negative effects on trapping moths. Therefore, developed wide-trapping attractant using floral scents preferred collectively by important moths can simplify trapping and control techniques of moths.

  Effect of Lufenuron on Survival, Pupation and Adult Emergence of the Third Instar Larvae of Plutella xylostella 2014, 30 (4):  312-315.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1649 Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 478234KB )   ( 418 ) Together with the indoor toxicity test of lufenuron to the third instar larvae of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), the effect of lufenuron on survival, pupation and adult emergence of the tested insect was studied to fully understand its biological activities. The results showed that lufenuron had characteristics of high biological activity at low dosage, slow effect but lasting efficacy on P. xylostella. The mortalities after 48 h at 5 concentrations (0.01953125, 0.0390625, 0.078125, 0.15625 and 0.3125 mg/L) were not significantly difference compared with control, but the mortalities of accumulated before pupation at the rest concentrations were significantly lower than control, except the lowest concentration (0.01953125 mg/L). Similarly, the pupation rates at the rest concentrations were also significantly lower than control, except the lowest concentration. Besides that, the adult emergence rates at all tested concentrations were significantly lower than control, and expressed the higher the concentration, the more significant difference. However, the pupal weight between all the treatment groups and the control group were not significantly different.

  Researching on Extraction and Silica Gel Column Chromatography Isolation of An Agro-antibiotic 2014, 30 (4):  316-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1800 Abstract + ( 787 )   PDF ( 632189KB )   ( 598 ) In order to extract and isolate an agro-antibiotic from the fermentation products from a soil rare actinomycetes strain, acetone was chosen as extracting agent instead of more commonly used methanol as extracting agent and ethyl acetate as column chromatography eluent. A 3 levels and 3 factors orthogonal test design method was used to optimize extraction technology. From the data processing results by extremum difference analysis and variance analysis method, the optimal extraction condition was to extract with 3 fold acetone with 2 hours. Silica gel column chromatography was used to separate the active ingredients and ethyl acetate as eluent. A large amount of impurities was removed by once column chromatography and the recovery was more than 83%, which built foundation for further separation and purification of effective components.