Abstract: In order to improve the selection efficiency of Valencia oranges’ quality traits, and provide a theoretical basis for Valencia oranges’ quality optimization, 16 fruit quality indices were analyzed, including physical characteristic indices(fruit mass, shape index, firmness, thick, kin color, juice color, juice percentage)and chemical property indices(fiber, soluble solids, titratable acid, vitamin C etc.) for 9 valencia orange cultivars grown in Zigui area, Hubei province. The results showed that the properties of the fruit mass, firmness thick, fruit fiber, moisture, soluble solids, titratable acidity variation both had a very significant difference, while the varation coefficient of fruit color, fruit index coefficient is small and no significant changes has been showed in other indicators. Principal component analysis showed that the quality of Valencia orange reflected by 16 indicators can be represented by four principal components with a cumulative contribution rata of 93.37%,and the contribution rate of each trait focus on some point. Different quality between different Valencia orange provides a good selection of reference for quality improvement, and provides a theoretical basis for rational consumption in people daily lives.