Abstract: Effect of different initial moisture material on microorganism’s number during the organic fertilizer fermentation process was studied to seek optimum moisture content for organic fertilizer fermentation. Three different initial moisture materials were fermented under aerobic conditions, sampled and tested the microorganism number at 3 times turning and finished. The number of fungus, mould, Escherichia coli and ascarid egg showed a declined tendency in the fermentation process of different treatments, the number of bacteria decreased in the second turning pile, then increased. The number of fungus and mould of T3 in the first 3 times was obviously higher than T1 and T2, and the number of bacteria less than T1 and T2 in the first 2 times. The number of bacteria of T3 maintained a relatively high level throughout the fermentation period; the difference of ascarid egg number is very small among the 3 treatments. At the end of fermentation, the number of fungal, bacterial was the highest in T2, the number of mould; Escherichia coli and ascarid egg were few at three treatments, with organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-2012). It was the most conducive to the fermentation of organic fertilizer used the material initial moisture content of 55%, and at the first turning up water to 65%.