Abstract: In order to seek the development strategy of major grain-producing counties in Heilongjiang Province and to improve the quality of economic operation of Heilongjiang Province, the author analyzed the current situation of ten major grain-producing counties in Heilongjiang Province and used Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) proposed by Saaty to build hierarchical analytical model on major grain-producing counties in this province. By analyzing the widespread grain advantage versus economics disadvantage in major grain-producing counties in Heilongjiang Province, the thesis pointed out the economically backward, irrational economic structure and the follow-up industry lags in these counties. By using the AHP model, the author analyzed the above issues from development strategy, restricting factor and solution perspectives, and used the Delphi method to propose that the major grain-producing counties should build interest compensation mechanism in their development, strive to break land constraints and expand extraterritorial agriculture. In addition, these counties should actively develop second and tertiary industries, consolidate and improve the agricultural infrastructures, thereby enhancing their development capabilities.