Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.2 Published:15 January 2014

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  The Progress of Chemical Communication in the Honeybee 2014, 30 (2):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2280 Abstract + ( 920 )   An important area of physiology of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) is chemical communication between individuals and colony, which maintains its integrity and function. In order to clarify the internal mechanism of honeybee chemical communication, the paper reviews on the researching progress in the interactions queens and worker bees, the interactions queens and drones, the interactions worker bees and the interactions worker bees, the interactions adults and brood, summarizes the function of pheromone, pheromone mediate highly complex social behavior of honeybee. As the intensive research of bee pheromones, will be widely applicate on apiculture, provide theoretical basis and technical support.

  Effect of Different Forage Combination on the Fatty acid of Raw Milk 2014, 30 (2):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1513 Abstract + ( 839 )   This study was conducted to research the effects of different forage combination on the fatty acids of cows’raw milk. Eighteen Holstein Cows were randomly assigned to three treatments, with similar body weight, milk yield and days in milk. The three treatments were: TMR+Chinese wild-rye 100%(control group); TMR+ Chinese wildrye 50% and alfalfa hay 50% (treatment group 1); TMR+Chinese wildrye 50%, alfalfa hay 25% and corn straw 25%(treatment group 2). Milk samples of Holstein Cows were taken at the 1st, 15th and 50th days of the experiment period. The fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. The results were as follows: (1) The contents of t10, c12-CLA in treatment group 1 and treatment group 2 showed significant difference (P<0.05). (2) The contents of C20:1 in treatment group 1 and treatment group 2 were reduced by 16.67% and 33.33% than the control group respectively. (3)The values of C14:1/C14:0 in the control group and treatment group 1 showed the declining trend, while it was down firstly, and then increased in treatment group 2 (P<0.01). (4) The value of n3/n6 in the control group had a

  Effect of Cryoprotectant and Freezing Rate on Semen Cryopreservation of Breeder Cock 2014, 30 (2):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1620 Abstract + ( 894 )   In this study, it was aimed to improve the freezing effect of the frozen semen from Hy-Line Brown breeder cock. Therefore, the effects of cryoprotectant and freezing rate on their semen cryopreservation were also investigated respectively. In the first experiment, both DMA and DMSO were applied as cryoprotectants, and their concentration were 6%, 10%, 15% respectively. The results showed as following: in the group of DMSO (10%), the percentage of total motility of sperm was 37.4%，the percentage of total recovery rate of sperm was 50% and the viability rate of sperm was 58.3%. In the second experiment, three cooling rates were designed totally and compared with one another. The results showed as following: in the best cooling rate group, total motility rate of sperm reached to 44.3%, recovery rate reached to 53%, and morphologically abnormal sperm rate and acrosome integrity rate were 41.9% and 42.9% respectively. Finally, the effect of frozen Breeder cock semen was also evaluated by their artificial insemination (24.9%). Collectively, it can be concluded that combination of 10% DMSO with the cooling rate being treated by the temperature from 5℃ to -35℃at 7℃/min, and then from -35℃ to -120℃ at 9℃/min，initiate the best inseminated effect of their freezing semen.

  Effect of Different Breeds and Gender of Cattle on Beef Tenderness 2014, 30 (2):  18-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1821 Abstract + ( 836 )   This study was to investigate the effect of different breeds and gender of cattle on beef tenderness, and to provide evidence for the varietal improvement and fattening. The beef samples from 15 BMY feedlot steers, 9Yunnan cattle (YNC, 4female and 5feedlot steers), 6Shorthorn×Yunnan cattle(SHY) feedlot steers, 4Simmental×Yunnan cattle (SIY) feedlot steers which had been fattened for (13±1) months were collected and sealed in clean fresh frozen bag. Shear force values were determined. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P> 0.05) for shear force values of beef between the female cattle and the steers. The mean shear force values of brisket from the BMY steers was significantly lower (P <0.05) than that from the SIY steers. The mean shear force values of beef flank from the BMY steers was significantly lower than that from the SHY steers (P＜0.01), SIY steers (P＜0.01)and YNC steers (P<0.05). The mean shear force values of beef flank from the YNC steers was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that from SHY steers. There were no (P > 0.05) gender differences for beef tenderness. Breeds only affected the tenderness of brisket and beef flank and there were no (P > 0.05) breed differences in beef tenderness for highrib, ribeye, striploin, eyeround, outsideplat, beef- neck.

  Effects of Different Livestock Feces Collection Method on Digestibility (or Metabolic Rate) 2014, 30 (2):  22-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1533 Abstract + ( 848 )   In order to confirm the effects of different feces collection methods on nutrients digestibility (or metabolic rate) of livestock, the study discussed the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, and realized the relations and differences among them, through comparing and analyzing the different feces collection methods and feces treatment methods of the predecessors. And the study aimed to provide evidence for the accuracy of digestion and metabolism trials. The results showed that: total feces collection method could accurately assay. The digestibility of livestock, But it was limited by many conditions. In order to simplify total fecal collection, people used indicator method. Indicator method could greatly reduce the workload, and it was concise and convenient to application, but the results had a certain deviation.

  Study of General Resistance Characteristics on Minxinan Black Rabbit 2014, 30 (2):  26-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2777 Abstract + ( 739 )   In order to investigate the resistance characteristics of Minxinan Black Rabbit, the humoral immunity and cellular immunity indicators were measured, which could evaluate Minxinan Black Rabbit immunity comprehensively and systematacially, and that also indirectly reflect the non-specific resistance characteristics. In this paper, the content of immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, IgA and complement C3, C4 in Minxinan Black Rabbit’s (90 days, 12 male and 12 female) serum were determinated, the change of the peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation and the phagocytosis ability of neutrophil were tested. The results showed that,the content of immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, IgA on Minxinan Black Rabbit were 2031.22 mg/L, 96.78 mg/L, 10.94 mg/L, complement C3, C4 were 55.15mg/L, 17.89 mg/L, lymphocyte stimulation index was 1.50 ， neutrophil phagocytic rate was 58.39% and neutrophil phagocytic index is 2.22. IgG, IgM, IgA , C3, C4 has no significant difference between sex (P>0.05). The immune indexes may provide a reference in general resistance selection and nonspecific resistance breeding.

  Effect Comparison between Colonies Indoor and Outdoor Overwintering in Tianshui, Southern Gansu 2014, 30 (2):  30-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1508 Abstract + ( 922 )   The results showed that both the mortality and consumed bee feed for indoor bees were lower than those for outdoor bees in Tianshui region. A mean mortality of 8.30% of indoor overwintering colonies was significantly lower than that of 14.63% of outdoor colonies. The mean consumed bee feed for indoor colonies was 3.59 kg which was lower than that of 4.77 kg for outdoor ones. The result also showed both the indoor and outdoor colonies behaved good spring propagation but the latter hives increased colonies size faster than the former ones. The recorded temperature data showed indoor temperature changed softly while the outdoor ones fluctuated with a wide range so that the outdoor colonies experienced repeated clustering and loosing which accounted for shorter lifespan for wintering bees. The effect of wintering colonies behaved for indoor colonies than those for outdoor ones, which implied that indoor overwintering is preferred for colonies in northwest China during the long term wintering.

  Establishment of S Phage Synchronization system for BmN Cells 2014, 30 (2):  39-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1619 Abstract + ( 1100 )   S phase of cells is the DNA replication phase, exploring the synchronization of S phase will build foundation for the studies of various factors on the regulation of DNA replication, cell division and proliferation. In this work, three methods (TdR double occlusion, TdR-Nocodazole double occlusion and hydroxyurea occlusion) were used to study the S phage synchronization efficiency of BmN cells. The results showed that S phage sychronization efficiency of TdR double occlusion treatment was 67.2% , TdR-Nocodazole double occlusion was up to 69.7% , while hydroxyurea had the best sychronization efficiency with percentage more than 90%. Furthermore, the detailed conditions of HU occlusion were analyzed. The results showed that the highest S phase synchronization efficiency of BmN were up to 94.9% after 16 h treatment by 1 mmol/mL HU, following by being released in normal medium for 7 h. The results of different methods used to study the S phage synchronization efficiency of BmN cells showed that treatment of 1 mmol/mL HU for 16h and then were released in normal medium for 7h was the best synchronization method for BmN cells with its simple and easy operation.

  Prokaryotic Expression, Purification and cloning of a novel Gene DsSTPK from Dunaliella salina 2014, 30 (2):  45-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1855 Abstract + ( 894 )   Previous studies indicated that the expression of a serine/threonine protein kinase DsSTPK of Dunaliella salina could be induced by salinity stress. In order to study the functions of DsSTPK, the Open Reading Frame (ORF) of DsSTPK gene was obtained through RT-PCR. The target fragment was subcloned into pET32a(+ ), and the recombinant expression vector pET32a(+ )-DsSTPK was transformed into E. coli. BL21 (DE3), then followed by induction of IPTG. The products were purified by His60 Ni Gravity Columns, identified by SDS-PAGE and Western-blot. The results indicated that the recombinant expression vector pET32a(+)-DsSTPK was constructed successfully, the molecular weight of the recombinant protein induced by IPTG was in line with expectation; And the recombinant protein existed both in the supernatant and in the form of inclusion body. Western-blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein could be identified specifically by the anti-his antibody. The research has laid a foundation for further studies on how the DsSTPK works in Dunaliella salina salinity stress signal transduction.

  Clustering Analysis for Some Sterile Lines and Restorers of Forage Sorghum Parents 2014, 30 (2):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1836 Abstract + ( 697 )   The aims were to explore the classification method of forage sorghum, and analyze genetic distance between parent materials of forage sorghum. About 50 forage sorghum parents’materials related traits were analyzed, the genetic distance was calculated between each other by discriminate analysis, chi-square minimum distance and chi-square distance UPGMA clustering analysis method. 50 forage sorghum parents materials were divided into two large groups by the clustering analysis, and could preliminary know genetic distance between parents. Two ways to find out the relationships between different materials was valid, it was also having a certain reference value to material selection in breeding. Breeding hybrid and improving the efficiency of hybrid combinations should refer to parent genetic distance to improve strong dominance.

  Changes of Metabolism of Nitric Oxide and Function of Liver and Kidney and Effects of Aminoguanidine during Endotoxemia in Broilers 2014, 30 (2):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1803 Abstract + ( 619 )   This study aims to research the metabolism of free radical and the influences to liver and renal function of boilers with endotoxemia. Besides the therapeutic effect of aminoguanidine on boilers with endotoxemia were evaluated. 90 boilers were randomly divided into tree groups with 30 in each group. GroupⅠwas the normal control. GroupⅡ and Ⅲ were intravenously injected with lipopolysaccharides and GroupⅢ was intravenously injected with aminoguanidine at 1 h before endotoxin injection. The NO concentration and NOS activity in serum and live as well as blood biochemical index were examined together at 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th h post-injection, respectively. Results revealed that the NO concentration and NOS activity rose in both surum and liver, the effect of detoxication and elmination of toxicant of liver and kidney were all decreased in broilers suffer from endotoxemia disease while the activities of synthesis protein and cholesterol were abated too. The effect of aminoguanidine group was better obviously. The experimental results showed that free radical activity was increased and liver and kidney function were injured during endotoxemia in broilers. Aminoguanidine could significantly reduce the harm of free radicals.

  Construction of Eukaryotic Expression Vector and Production of Antibody to Open Reading Frame 4 of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 2014, 30 (2):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2065 Abstract + ( 853 )   The objective of this study was to construct the eukaryotic expression vector of open reading frame 4 (ORF4) of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and produce the antibody against ORF4. The PCV2 ORF4 gene was amplified by PCR method and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pCDNA3.1 (+) or pEGFP-C1, then the recombinant plasmid pCDNA-ORF4 and pEGFP-ORF4 was constructed successfully. After transfection of the recombinant plasmid pEGFP-ORF4 in PK-15 cells, the expression of pEGFP-ORF4 protein was obvious, and the fluorescence signal was mainly localized in the nuclei. After inoculation of the recombinant plasmid pCDNA-ORF4 in BALB/c mice, the specific immune reaction of the inoculated mice sera with PCV2 was observed, and the antibodies titer were all above 1:26 after the fourth inoculation, was indicative of the induction of the antibodies to PCV2 ORF4. The results indicated that two kinds of eukaryotic expression vector of PCV2 ORF4 were constructed and the antibodies against PCV2 ORF4 were prepared, which laid the foundation for researches on PCV2 ORF4 gene functions.

  Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test of Chicken Colibacillosis in Fujian 2014, 30 (2):  65-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2216 Abstract + ( 820 )   In order to study the resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from broilers in Fujian. Sterilely resorting to visceral organs, such as livers, spleens, lungs of illness, chicklings that were suspected colibacillosis of each large chicken places in Fujian, by the means of combing with epidemiology, clinical, pathology, biochemistry and PCR method, we could separate and identificate to diagnose whether it was colibacillosis or not. By the means of antimicrobial susceptibility test on 12 bacteria those were separated from part chicken places, we could screen some sensitive drugs and find more effective proprietary to provide theoretical basis and practical parameters of treatment and prevention.

  Research Advances in Glycolytic Key Enzyme of Fish 2014, 30 (2):  69-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2426 Abstract + ( 894 )   Glycolysis refers to a process in which the glucose or glycogen is broken down into pyruvate with the production of ATP in the cytoplasm. Each reaction of the process is catalyzed by a specific enzyme without the participation of oxygen. Compared with mammals, the glycolysis ability of fish is lower. This phenomenon may result from the glycolytic key enzyme activity of fish. Whether the different amount of carbohydrate in feed can modulate glycolytic key enzyme effectively from the level of enzyme activity and gene expression is still in controversy up to now. This article summarizes the structure and distribution of three glycolytic key enzyme of fish: Glucokinase(GK), Phosphofructokinase(PFK) and Pyruvate Kinase(PK)and states the influence of the amount and types of carbohydrate on enzyme activity and gene expression of GK, PFK and PK in order to provide theoretic basis for moderate carbohydrates added to feed.

  Major Histocompatibility Complex IIB Gene Polymorphism and Its Association with Resistance/Susceptibility to Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) 2014, 30 (2):  76-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1164 Abstract + ( 1307 )   In order to understand the relationship between polymorphism of the major histocompatibility complex genes and the disease resistance of Nile tilapia, the MHC IIB gene fragment was amplified from 40 susceptible individuals and 40 resistant individuals, using primer pairs of 2b-snp-sf and 2b-snp-sr. The length of the PCR products was 775 to797 bp. Among the PCR products of 775 to 797 bp nucleotides acid, 265 (33.2%) nucleotide positions were variable in resistant individuals and 255 (31.9%) in susceptible individuals, respectively. Among the putative 101 amino acid sequence encoded by the amplification product, 32 amino acid positions were polymorphic in resistant individuals and 33 in susceptible individuals, respectively. 7 different MHC IIB alleles which encoded 7 different amino acid sequences were identified among 441 clones from 80 individuals. Most alleles were commonly found in both individuals. Alleles Orni-DAB*0201 and Orni-DAB*0401 were significantly more prevalent in resistant individuals than in susceptible individuals, with 15.5%, 5.6% in resistant stock and 7.4%, 1.8% in susceptible stock respectively. Allele Orni-DAB*0501 and Orni-DAB*0601 were only found in resistant individuals. 70% in resistant individuals presented 2-4 alleles, only 30% individuals presented 1 allele. Whereas 42.5% in susceptible individuals presented 2-3 alleles, 57.5% individuals presented 1 allele. These results indicated that individuals possessed more MHC IIB alleles have stronger resistance ability to streptococcus disease. This study has identified potential candidate genes for further investigation into the breeding of disease-resistant strain of Nile tilapia.

  Comparison of Physical Characteristics and Nutritive Components of Wild, Bionics and Hothouse Trionyx sinensis 2014, 30 (2):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1638 Abstract + ( 796 )   In order to choose a reasonable way of farming, improve the nutritional value and simple identification of Trionyx sinensis. Wild, bionics and hothouse Trionyx sinensis were used as experimental material, analyse the physical characteristics and nutritive components of three kind of Trionyx sinensis between different cultivation patterns. The results indicated that the skirt weight of wild turtle and bionics turtle were higher than hothouse turtle(P<0.05).The content of crude protein in muscle of wild turtle was higher than that of the other turtle 0.78%,6.37%, respectively(P>0.05).The content of crude protein, crude ash and moisture in livers of wild turtle were significantly higher than bionics and hothouse turtle(P<0.05),but the content of crude fat was lower than others. There were also differences in composition of fatty acids. The wild turtle had higher PUFA content in muscle compared with that in bionics and hothouse turtle(P<0.05). The EPA+DHA content in muscle were significant difference in three turtles, hothouse turtle> bionics turtle> wild turtle(P<0.05).

  Classification and Differences of China's Aquatic Fingerlings Industry Based on Factor Analysis 2014, 30 (2):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0662 Abstract + ( 702 )   The specialization of aquatic fingerlings production is the inevitable trend of the future aquaculture development. Through factor analysis, this article analyze competitiveness index of aquatic fingerlings industry for 29 provinces. This competitiveness index includes infrastructure, human resources, natural resources and policy. And infrastructure, human resource plays a crucial role in the formation process of regional competitiveness. Finally, according to four indexes’scores and rankings, aquatic fingerlings industry could be divided into four categories. Also, the improvement suggestions are put forward.

  A Comparative Study of the Anesthetic Effect of Different Anesthetic on Juvenile Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) 2014, 30 (2):  95-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2524 Abstract + ( 844 )   The current study aimed to find the best anesthetic for accurate body length measurement. The anesthetic effects of magnesium sulfate, eugenol and ethylene glycol phenyl ether (EPH) on juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) (1.3815±0.2138) g, (Mean±SD) were tested at different concentrations and treat times. The results showed that: (1) the anesthetic effect of EPH was minus and the eugenol had a moderate anesthetic effect only at low concentration (≤0.3 mol/L). Both reagents caused significant side effects at increased concentrations. The anesthetic effect of magnesium sulfate was best at the concentration of 0.3-0.4 mol/L. The anesthetic took effects about half an hour after treatment. The anesthetic and recovery rates all reached to 100%. (2) Individuals were treated by magnesium sulfate sea water solution at concentrations of 0.3 mol/L and 0.4 mol/L respectively. The body lengths were extremely significantly longer than those before treatment, and were not significantly different among 1 h, 1.5 h and 2 h treatments for both concentrations. These above results indicated that the best work concentration of magnesium sulfate for A. japonicus was 0.3-0.4 mol/L. The suggested concentration didn’t affect the growth of sea cucumbers and greatly improved the accuracy of body length measurement. Thus our suggested anesthetic concentration and treat time is 0.3-0.4 mol/L and 1 h respectively.

  Analysis of Water Quality Changes Under Different Breeding Density and Breeding Benefit of Penaeus vannamei 2014, 30 (2):  100-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2177 Abstract + ( 1171 )   In order to study the rule of water quality changes under different breeding densities and to analyze the relationship between different breeding area, different breeding densities and economic benefit, the author studied the general pollution rule in white leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei ponds by monitoring different breeding density ponds continuously from May to August in 2012. Under the experimental testing density, the water qualities were in the normal range of shrimp for healthy growth. The contents of TN, TP, NH3-N and NO2-N increased with the increasing densities while the CODMn had no significant changes. The author studied the relationship between different breeding densities and area and economic benefit, and the results showed that area of 0.067 hm2 and breeding density of 1050 to 1500 thousand individuals per 0.067 hm2 were the best model for small-scale shrimp culture.

  Inhibitory Capabilities and Purification Abilities of Daphnia magna on Algae Under Different Temperature Conditions 2014, 30 (2):  105-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2521 Abstract + ( 736 )   In order to understand the mechanism of zooplankton ecological regulation for eutrophication and improve the natural water environment, the author studied the grazing capacity and water purification ability of Daphnia magna to Chlorella pyrenoidosa under a settled light condition in 16℃ and 22℃. The results showed that: under the same temperature, with the increase of the density of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, feeding rate of Daphnia magna was gradually increasing, but the water filtration rate decreased. For the same algae density, Daphnia magna filtrating rate and feeding rate under 22℃ were significantly higher than that under 16℃. In all treatments, with time elapsing, water purification effect of Daphnia magna was more evident. The same inoculum density of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, water purification effect was better in 22℃than that in 16℃.

  An AHP-based Research on the Development Strategy Major Grain-producing Counties in Heilongjiang 2014, 30 (2):  110-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2910 Abstract + ( 867 )   In order to seek the development strategy of major grain-producing counties in Heilongjiang Province and to improve the quality of economic operation of Heilongjiang Province, the author analyzed the current situation of ten major grain-producing counties in Heilongjiang Province and used Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) proposed by Saaty to build hierarchical analytical model on major grain-producing counties in this province. By analyzing the widespread grain advantage versus economics disadvantage in major grain-producing counties in Heilongjiang Province, the thesis pointed out the economically backward, irrational economic structure and the follow-up industry lags in these counties. By using the AHP model, the author analyzed the above issues from development strategy, restricting factor and solution perspectives, and used the Delphi method to propose that the major grain-producing counties should build interest compensation mechanism in their development, strive to break land constraints and expand extraterritorial agriculture. In addition, these counties should actively develop second and tertiary industries, consolidate and improve the agricultural infrastructures, thereby enhancing their development capabilities.

  Research Progress of China's Rural Land Assets Market 2014, 30 (2):  117-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0593 Abstract + ( 887 )   The land assets market in rural areas received highly attention in the academic circles. In this paper, the methods are literature and comparative analysis, use this methods to sum up the research results about the China's rural land assets market in the academic circles, analyze the necessity of establishing the land assets market in rural area, clear the main problems, discuss the mechanism construction of rural land assets market, and future research direction and focus. The results show that : first, the construction of rural land assets market is very necessary, it is the objective requirement of improving the socialist market system, safeguarding the land rights of farmers, improving the urban and rural development; two, the construction of rural land assets market may have certain difficulties, especially in shortage of land policy ,also lack of management system platform and market development environment; three, the development of rural land assets market mechanism need an innovation, we should establish the peasant land assets rights protection mechanism, integration mechanism and rural land asset allocation mechanism.

  Research on the Assets Attributes in Rural Land and Housing 2014, 30 (2):  124-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0622 Abstract + ( 677 )   Rural land and housing was the important resource for rural economic development, and the precious wealth of the farmers. The paper focuses on the basic properties of the land and housing in rural areas: subjectivation, capitalization and marketization. The integrating use of documentation retrieval and the comparative analysis combs and summarizes the research results on them, which have been done by the academic authority.The results show that: first, the three basic properties have been highly concerned by the economists,which leads to the prosperous research results; Second, the relevant research results show that in China the development of subjectification, capitalization and marketization in rural land and housing make new progress; Third, it’s also such a long way for us to fulfill the three basic properties that we must adhere to the scientific outlook of development, base on basic national conditions in our country and promote the assets management on rural land and housing.

  Research on Influence Factors of Borrowing by Rural Households in areas with the New-type Rural Financial Institutions 2014, 30 (2):  130-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0567 Abstract + ( 702 )   Based on the analysis of the influence factors of borrowing by 517 rural households from the six New-type Rural Financial Institutions introduced counties in Western Region, this paper uses classification Logistic Regression Model to analyze the decisive factors of the demand of peasant households’loans. The quantitative modeling analysis shows that a number of factors significantly affect the farmer's lending practices, such as age of head, education degree of head, number of dependents per family, cultivated land, the value of productive fixed assets, total income, total consumption expenditure, levels of debt, village cadres or civil servants, bank staff, household production type. In light of the influence factors and how it works, the authors provide some suggestions on how to improve it.

  Study of How‘Sannong’ Works are Carried out by Agricultural Colleges and Universities in Beijing 2014, 30 (2):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0612 Abstract + ( 731 )   In order to know how‘Sannong’work in Beijing was carried out through science and technology promotion by experts and professionals from agricultural colleges and universities, we study the experience and field research conducted over many years by Beijing Agriculture College(BAC). The results show that: BAC has successfully carried out mobilization and organization of teachers, experts and students to visit and interact with farmers, in order to conduct scientific research, promote agricultural technology and popularize science knowledge in the countryside. The significant achievements include establishing close relationship between experts and farmers, connecting scientific research with agricultural production, speeding up the transformation of scientific and technological breakthroughs into modern agricultural application; we also succeed in the training of new farmers, enhanced their understanding of scientific knowledge, and enable them rely on science and technology to become rich; we have devoted efforts on cultivating college students village officials, with practical skills to meet the demand of modern countryside, our experience in cultivating grass-roots talents can be a useful model for other universities.

  Empirical Analysis on the Influence of Preferential Policy to Farmers on Their Purchase Intention of Products to Countryside——Based on Farmer Households of Jiangxi Province 2014, 30 (2):  141-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0544 Abstract + ( 874 )   Intention is the forerunner of behavior. It can predict the behavior better than will. Exploring the inner formation rules of intention can better guide consumers to buy. Intention is the interactive result of various factors. Preferential Policy to Farmers, as an external stimulus, obviously has a great influence on farmer households' purchase intention of Products to countryside. This paper, based on the research data of farmers in Jiangxi province, uses the Structural Equation Modeling to analyze the influence mechanism about the home-appliances-to- countryside policy on farmer households’purchase intention of home appliances to countryside. The results of the study show that: the policies about subsidy kinds of products, subsidy proportion, subsidy limit, subsidy way and subsidy supervision all have effects on farmer households’purchase intention, but their influence degree is different. Their understanding degree of the policies, their family characteristics and their local infrastructure play a certain role in adjusting their purchase intention of home appliances to countryside. Based on this, the paper puts forward some relevant suggestions in policy such as increasing subsidy kinds of products, enhancing subsidy proportion, giving consideration to regional differences when making a policy, intensifying supervision, perfecting rural consumption environment and so on.

  Influence of the Treatment of Left-over Problems of Reservoir Resettlement on Resettlers’ Life——Based on the Fuzzy Analysis of Resettlement Area in Yantan Hydropower Station 2014, 30 (2):  151-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0963 Abstract + ( 723 )   The treatment of left-over problems of reservoir resettlement has improved the living conditions of the resettlers, socioeconomic development of resettlement area achieved remarkable results. The study makes the fuzzy analysis of resettlers’ life of reservoir area of Yantan hydropower station after the treatment of left-over problems. The study results show that the treatment of left-over problems has had a positive influence on the improvement of the living standard of resettlers, resettlers’ living standrads of both Dahua, Donglan and Bama have improved in some degree. To deal with the problems produced in the process of treating left-over problems, put forward to accelerate the implementation of projects, strengthen the ability construction of resettlement management departments, resettlement off-side relocation etc.

  Forecasting Income of the Rural Residents in Hunan Province Based on Gray Multivariable Linear Econometric model 2014, 30 (2):  155-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0588 Abstract + ( 743 )   The accuracy of a single forecasting model is not high, and the forecasting results can not reflect the relationship between economic variables. For solving these problems, the gray multivariable linear econometric model is constructed by combining with the gray GM(1,1) model and multivariable econometric model. And then, the proposed model is used to forecast trend of the per capital net income of rural residents in Hunan province. The forecasting precision of the proposed model is not only higher than the single gray GM(1,1) model and multivariable linear regression model, but also could reflect the relationships between the economic variables. The forecasting results show that the per capital net income of rural residents in Hunan province will increase year by year in next few years, but the growth rate will be relatively slow. Finally, some suggestions for regulating the income gap of rural residents in Hunan province.

  Development of Peanut’s Whole Course Mechanization in Our Country and the Application in Xinjiang Wang Liang1, Wei Jianjun1, Li Yan1, Wang Qiaojiang2, Han Ping2, Guan Quncai2, Li 2014, 30 (2):  161-168.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0579 Abstract + ( 917 )   In order to rise the peanut’s whole course mechanization production level in Xinjiang and promote furtherly the development of peanut industry. This paper reviews the situation of developing mechanical harvest for peanut in foreign countries and summarizes their main experience of mechanization production, meanwhile, the peanut’s general planting situation, production trait, developing status of whole course mechanization and existing problems at present in our country were analyzed. The developmental countermeasures and proposals of peanut’s whole course mechanization in Xinjiang were finally put forward in this article and the developmental prospect was envisaged. Lastly, the successful example of peanut’s whole course mechanization in Xinjiang was introduced and Xinjiang Tianying biological science and technology limited corporation achieved firstly peanut’s whole course mechanization in Xinjiang. Per-hectare yield of peanut in Xinjiang was highest in west region of China. By the firm combination of agricultural technology and mechanical production technology, it should will promote the development of peanut’s whole course mechanization in Xinjiang if we endeavor from follows, such as breeding new peanut cultivates (lines), extending peanut’s plant technology of standardization and large-scale field management technology, founding a base of green and organic peanut production, forming a peanut growth area on a large scale in south and north region of Xinjiang, manufacturing or introducing the peanut sower and harvester that are suitable for Xinjiang condition, and developing some of large enterprises which they are main of peanut processing deeply.

  The Impact of Different Drip Irrigation Periods on the Cotton Fields of Seedling Water and Salt Distribution and Growing of Cotton 2014, 30 (2):  169-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0500 Abstract + ( 687 )   In order to explore the impact of different drip irrigation periods on the cotton fields of seedling water, salt distribution and growing of cotton. Selecting 121 Mission where continuous applying drip irrigation 0-16 years, 8 similar plots of the cotton field to monitor the water and salt chances, to test and analyze of water-salt transport at seedling stage in every cotton fields. The results initially showed that: the land which has been used of drip irrigation more than seven years, salt cotton had upward trend from the surface to the deep. The land which has been used of drip irrigation less than seven years and the wasteland, salt content had decreased gradually from surface to deep. After the first irrigation, water and salt which soil move away from the drip in the horizontal direction. Salt gradually gathered in the film gap 0-10 cm depth by evaporation. In the vertical direction, water carried salt which from the soil movement down to 90 cm below, 0-20 cm soil depth reservoir salt changes was negative. Cotton which had used drip irrigation within seven years, seedling emergence and average height increased with the increase in the number of years of drip application. Drip irrigation for more than seven years cotton germination rate basically stable at more than 83%. The application of drip irrigation more than seven years cotton seedling plant height get basic stability.

  On the Status Quo and the Prospect of Eco-compensation Research in China 2014, 30 (2):  176-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0493 Abstract + ( 1310 )   By applying quantitative analysis toward the papers related to Eco-compensation selected from core journals of CNKI and the projects which have been sponsored by the National Fund of Philosophy and Social Science and the National Fund of Natural Science, which concerned the number of papers, research areas, author affiliation and project number, project content, to review the development of 23 years of Eco-compensation, it is found out that Chinese Eco-compensation research is characterized by substantial papers, steady growth of thesis, comprehensive research domain, stable research team, strong teamwork, projects growth, more youth projects, developing new research fields. Also, there are still some problems to be settled, such as high quality papers not much, the research is not thorough enough, compared with abroad, research is relatively slowly, inadequate follow-up study, the discipline on projects is not wise. Based on above-mentioned analysis, the Eco-compensation study direction for the future is brought forward.

  The Construction of Marine Oil Spill Damage Assessment System 2014, 30 (2):  183-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0928 Abstract + ( 833 )   Global marine oil spill accidents occur frequently, which have become the important restriction factors to affect the economy development, ecological balance, social stability and development. In view of this, establish a set of comprehensive, systematic marine oil spill loss evaluation system is very important. On the basis of previous studies, the marine oil spill losses are divided into direct losses and indirect losses. This paper established the evaluation indexes and provided the monetization assessment models and methods. Use the market price method, questionnaire method, replacement cost method, the results refer method, carbon tax method, shadow engineering method and restoration cost method and so on to establish this assessment system. On the basis of building a comprehensive, systematic assessment system of marine oil spill, the marine oil spill damage can be effectively monetized and we can provide the suggestions for the following marine oil spill compensation and improvement of emergency response capabilities.

  The Difference Analysis in Time and Space of the Relative Carrying Capacity of Resources Around the State (City) in Xinjiang 2014, 30 (2):  190-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0701 Abstract + ( 1121 )   In order to multi-angle research theory and application of bearing capacity of relative resources carrying capacity, as well as considering integrity of research areas, open and dynamic of resources. This paper based on the new model of bearing capacity of relative resources carrying capacity that added in natural wetland and forest resources. From 2004 to 2009, the author analyzed change trend of relative carrying capacity of economic, energy, land, water, natural wetland, forest, and analyzed compositive carrying capacity of resources and its bearing state and degree of changing around the state (city) in Xinxiang. It was found that: to longitudinal compared from various relative carrying capacity of resources, relative carrying capacity of land resources and economic resources rose in the state (city) of each relative carrying capacity of resources, but relative carrying capacity of water resources and energy resources reduced, relative carrying capacity of natural wetland resources and forest resources changed similarly, which was not obvious. In most areas, the compositive carrying capacity of resources was in a rising trend. A state of serious overload region from a relatively comprehensive bearing capacity: Shihezi, Yili Region. The state region had been in surplus 6 years in a row: Turpan and Hami Areas, Basque, it had been in a very abundance areas: Karamay, Altay Region, Bazhou, continuously was in surplus, but the surplus state region was a downward trend, which population growth was slightly higher than the bearing capacity of growth. When developing economic, these six areas must control population.

  Research of the Urban Landscape Security Pattern and Plan: An Example of Xiamen City 2014, 30 (2):  199-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0886 Abstract + ( 916 )   Taking ENVI and ArcGIS as the main technical platform and the landscape security pattern of Xiamen was analyzed by the "patch-corridor-matrix" mode. Taking natural factors and social factors into consideration, and giving the different factors different resistance value and weight, the three kinds of urban sprawl plan was made: urban sprawl preferred plan of low security level, coordinate development plan of medium security level and the plan of ecological conservation priority plan of high security level. The minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) was applicated to establish respectively the cumulative resistance surface of three plans, and comparative impact evaluation for these plans were showed as follows: (1)The area suitable for urban land of three different security levels were 694.87 km2, 575.1 km2, 454.96 km2. The new land was provided new land for urban expansion area of approximately 433.12 km2, 313.12 km2, 193.21 km2. (2)With the security level development, the ecological land gradually increased, but suitable land for urban construction is being less. (3) The urban growth pattern based on low security level and medium security level can be both provided for the requirements of urban expansion land of Xiamen in“Twelve-Five-Year”plan for 2020 forecasts, and taking ecological protection for consideration priority the pattern of the high level of safety required of construction land need to make concessions.

  Evaluation of Eco-security in Qinghai Province Based on Entropy Weight and Matter Element Model 2014, 30 (2):  208-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0539 Abstract + ( 704 )   In order to estimate scientifically land eco-security of ecologically fragile area and it’s change of cultivated land resources in Qinghai Province, an index system and the corresponding weight values were established based on “pressure-state-response” model and entropy weight method, and an integrated evaluation model was constructed with matter element model to evaluate land eco-security of Qinghai Province. Land eco-security change situation was analyzed in Qinghai Province during 2000 to 2010. Results indicated that, the whole level of land eco-security in Qinghai Province improved slightly from relative insecurity to critical security; The change of cultivated land eco-security index was different of each city/state in Qinghai Province and the distinction of different city/state were obvious. The main restriction factors of land eco-security was density of economy, cultivated land area per capita, forest and grass coverage ratio, proportion of natural disaster area and dosage of farmland fertilizer.

  Evaluation on the Ecological Security of Baiyin City Based on P-S-R Model 2014, 30 (2):  215-221.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2440 Abstract + ( 870 )   To explore land ecological environment of resource-exhausted city in northwest region and its influencing factors, the author chose Baiyin City in Gansu Province as the case, and establishes an evaluation index system of land ecological security by applying the Pressure-State-Response (P-S-R) model and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Combined with entropy method and Delphi method to determine the weight of each index, at the moment, the author estimated aggregated index of land ecological security to identify condition of land ecological security in Baiyin City. The results showed that: land ecological security index showed ‘W’ type trend, cut first, then increased, then reduced and increased. In 2004-2006, the aggregated index fell to 0.131562 from 0.574594, security level from the criticality safety drop to unsafe; in 2006-2010, aggregated index rose from 0.131562 to 0.131562, safety level from un-security rose to less security; from 2010 to 2011, aggregated index decreased from 0.378097 to 0.338470, security level had been in a less security; 2011-2012, aggregated index rose from 0.338470 to 0.416796, security level less safe from rising to criticality safety. In general, the ecological security of Baiyin City had experienced from good to bad and then gradually getting better trend, this paper provided useful information to improve the land ecological environment, therefore, it had important practical significance.

  Dynamic Variation of Landscape Pattern of Land Use in Songyuan City in Nearly 20 Years 2014, 30 (2):  222-226.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0676 Abstract + ( 839 )   To explore the dynamic variation of landscape pattern of land use in Songyuan City in nearly 20 years, under the Three-North Shelterbelt construction background, and provide reference for the shelter forest construction of paddy field reclaimed in recent years in the west of Jinlin Province, the author chose Landsat TM images in 1989 and 2010 of Songyuan as the main datasource, and quantitatively analyzed the dynamic change of landscape pattern by landscape pattern characteristics, dynamic changes, transfermatrix and landscape dynamics in Songyuan. The results showed that: the dominant landscape in the past 20 years in Songyuan City was arable land, saline-alkali soil and grass, the three accounted for more than 85% of the total land area of the study area, the other landscape was a patch-like distribution in the study area; land use changes from sharp mainly to the slow process; transfer of land-use types for a lot of grass and saline conversion to arable landscape types. Landscape density, shape index and plaque index increased, indicated that the shelterbelt construction enhanced role of the study area control, landscape fragmentation intensified, increasingly complex shape; landscape diversity and evenness decreased to reduce diversity, heterogeneity weakened spread increases, increased connectivity.

  Application of Clustering Analysis to Land Use Regionalization of Prefecture in Hilly Southwestern of China 2014, 30 (2):  227-232.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0527 Abstract + ( 705 )   Land use division can reflect the regional variance in land and is an important aspect of comprehensive land use planning. The aim of this paper is to provide theoretical direction for land use and the future development of coastal region in prefecture in hilly southwestern of China. Taking Jiangjin prefecture in Chongqing as the example, creating a division system of land use rationalization, assigned the appraisal index system and standardized the statistics. The quantification of the land use in Jiangjin was classified based on the hierarchical cluster analysis of SPSS. In order to satisfy the boundary completion of region, the regional continuity as well as the demands for future economic development, the study made future adjustments depending on the classification results. The region, it was divided into three sub-regions: highly development area in the northern town, potential development in middle area, agroforestrial ecotope in southern. At last, the main problems and future development direction in landuse for each sub-regions were put forward according to the similarity and discrepancy among different regions. Finally, the result indicated that cluster analysis could use to land use regionalization of prefecture in hilly southwestern. Meanwhile, it is a beneficial change from quality to quantify.

  Speciation and Season Change Characteristic of Lead in Contaminated Soil with Biochar Amendment 2014, 30 (2):  233-239.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3997 Abstract + ( 1157 )   In order to study the chemical speciation of typical heavy metal lead in contaminated farmland soil and the response to the amendment by biochar, the BCR three-step sequential extraction was used to the speciation analysis of lead in contaminated soils amended biochar with different application rate during three years (2009-2012), the seasonal variations and stability mechanism was also discussed. Results showed that the pH value and the content of soil organic carbon (SOM) increased by 0.11-0.65 units and 16.0%-51.2%, respectively. Acid dissolved state, reduced state and oxidation state components were significantly reduced and translated to residue state, for example, the three of them decreased by 5.3%-25.0%, 9.8%-22.3% and 40.8%-43.5% in wheat season in 2010, and the residual state increased by 7.8%-16.1%, but different responses in wheat and rice season were also found that the four states concentration were higher in wheat season (2011) than rice season (2010) for the different oxidation-reduction potential due to the different water conditions. The different lead states were significant correlation with soil pH and SOM. Biochar contained large amounts of alkaline material and hydroxyl, carboxyl and organic functional groups, which could fix the varieties, lead effectively by complexation, precipitation, and other chemical mechanisms. It showed that remediation of soils by biochar could effectively reduce the bioavailability and ecotoxicity of lead, and provided a theoretical basis for the amendment of soil polluted by heavy metals.

  Study on the Accumulation Characteristics of the Soil Nitrate Nitrogen and Salinity in Greenhouses of Different Cultivation Years 2014, 30 (2):  240-247.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0660 Abstract + ( 924 )   The accumulations of the soil nutrients and salinity are the main problems in the development of the protected agriculture. To find the impacts of the development of greenhouses on the accumulations of the soil nutrients and salinity, the study chose the greenhouses of different cultivation years and the near wheat-maize fields in Shiyang River basin and analyzed the soil nitrate nitrogen and soil electric conductivity in the field survey and sample analysis method. The results indicated that the nitrate nitrogen and the salinity are accumulated at the surface layer in greenhouses; the average soil nitrogen content of soil layer in greenhouse is 1.2-3.3 times than in wheat-maize fields in the same soil profile, and the average EC of soil layer in greenhouse is 0.7-3.2 times than in wheat-maize fields; the nitrate nitrogen and EC increase with the increasing of cultivation years in a depth under the root zone; with the increasing of cultivation years, the maximum value is increased, and the accumulation depth is more deepened. The accumulations of the soil nutrients and salinity are mainly caused by the over-fertilizer and illogical irrigation, so it is necessary to adjust the coupling of the water and fertilizer and to take the efficient irrigation schedule of water-saving and fertilizer-saving.

  Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Salt Accumulation and pH Changes in Greenhouse 2014, 30 (2):  248-252.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0827 Abstract + ( 941 )   A field plot experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic fertilizer on soil salt accumulation and pH changes in greenhouse. The result showed that: the greenhouse soil application of organic fertilizer could also increase soil salt content, but the cumulative amount gradually decreased with increasing usage. Compared with chemical fertilizer, soil salinity cumulative amount could be reduced from 9.22% to 21.13% by using chicken manure, and from 9.40% to 27.59% by using pig manure. But there was not obvious difference between commercial organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. Salt cumulative amount was even more than chemical fertilizer in low application treatment. Different seasons had different effect of organic fertilizer on soil salinity. In the same chicken manure treatment, soil salinity was 19.10%-64.18% higher in summer than in winter. There was similar result in pig manure treatments. The application of commercial organic fertilizer had little difference in vary season. In green house, application of chemical fertilizer reduced soil pH. In contrast, application chicken manure, pig manure increased soil pH to avoid soil acidification. Commercial organic fertilizer was not obvious to reduce soil pH. Chicken manure, pig manure could delay the soil salt accumulation speed, avoid soil acidification might be appropriate applied. But commercial organic fertilizer ineffective should be used cautiously.

  Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Biofertilizer on Tea Yield and Quality 2014, 30 (2):  253-257.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0685 Abstract + ( 1308 )   Biofertilizer play an important role in eco-agriculture, its application can not only improve the quality of agricultural products but also reduce the pollution of agricultural non-point source. To explore the impacts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biofertilizer on tea yield and quality, the experiment was conducted with 5 treatments to study the effects of treatments on bud density, 100-bud weight, water extracting materials, amino acids, tea polyphenol, theine content and TA/AA. The treatments included 1%, 2% and 4% of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biofertilizer, sweet potato starch wastewater and none-fertilization as the controls. Results showed that the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biofertilizer treatments improved tea yield and quality significantly, while treatment of sweet potato starch wastewater had not obvious improvement in tea yield and quality. 2% Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biofertilizer treatment increased the quantity of buds by 42.1%, 100-bud weight by 22.3%, water extracting materials by 21.94%, amino acids content by 8.83%, tea polyphenol content by 9.76%, TA/AA by 3.05% and decreased theine content by 8.32%, respectively, compared with the none-fertilization. Application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biofertilizer, which was produced using sweet potato starch wastewater, on tea yard is not only recycled sweet potato starch wastewater but also improved tea yield and quality

  The Study of the Mountain Villagers’ Sewage Emission Awareness in Three Gorges Reservoir Area:A Case Study of Gelan Town in Chongqing 2014, 30 (2):  258-264.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0604 Abstract + ( 771 )   In order to provide constructive suggestion on environment education to villages, 100 typical samples were selected in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing. The author analyzed the data of local mountain villagers understanding of domestic sewage disposal current situation, water consumption knowledge and environmental awareness by a questionnaire survey. The sewage disposal understanding of villages over 40, female villages and villages with educational level below the junior secondary school level were worse than others. While the water consumption understanding of villages over 40, male villages and villages with educational level below the junior secondary school level were worse. The main cause of the variance was multiple ways to obtain information.

  Change Characteristics of Precipitation Nearly 60 Years in Anqing City 2014, 30 (2):  265-271.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0704 Abstract + ( 861 )   In order to study the precipitation and its characteristics at all seasons of Anqing in nearly 60 years, and predict the precipitation trend of Anqing in short term, to provide scientific basis and guidance for the agricultural production in the area, and guidance for flood control and drought relief. The author used Morlet wavelet to analyze the precipitation data of Anqing city in nearly 60 years. The results showed that: the precipitation concentrated in spring and summer and annual precipitation was increasing slightly. After experiencing 6 cycles, it would enter a new wet season after 2010. The variation trend of precipitation was different in four seasons. It was on a declining curve in spring and autumn, but on the rise in summer and winter. Anqing city’s smaller scale cycle shocked significantly in nearly 60 years, and it had a strong periodicity. The inter-annual rainfall changed greatly and alternate frequently. Floods and drought were easy to appear, but severe drought was hard to appear. In spring and summer, Anqing was influenced by monsoon circulation. Atmospheric circulation changed frequently and inter-annual precipitation varied greatly. Wet and dry alternated frequently. Small scale cycle shocked significantly. The inter-annual rainfall changed greatly and droughts and floods appeared frequently. While it was affected by the westerlies in autumn and winter, north air flow was prevailed. Air was relatively drier than it in spring and summer. Precipitation varied smaller. The inter-annual rainfall changed smaller relatively too. Drought and flood alternated slower than it did in spring and summer. Small scale cycle shocked not significantly.

  Effect of Climate Change on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Corn in Shiyang Rive Basin 2014, 30 (2):  272-279.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0860 Abstract + ( 1031 )   In order to make good use of the limited water resources, We improved the effectiveness of agricultural water. It’s based on spring corn’s growth, water use efficiency and meteorological observation data in Shiyang rive basin. The effect of climate change on growth and water use efficiency of spring corn were analyzed. The results showed that: the annual change of average temperature was a significant rise in Shiyang rive basin, which linear fitting trend rate was 0.383℃every 10 years. The crop growth season’s (April to October) temperature was significant rising and warming trend. The precipitation in autumn showed a decreasing trend, but the annual precipitation, crop growth season and other seasonal precipitation showed slow wave increased. And the crop growth season precipitation increase of annual precipitation was the biggest contributor in all. By the effects of climate warming, the spring corn’s three leaf stage、jointing stage and blossom period were ahead of 2-3 days every 10 years . But the milk stage and mature stage were after of 1-2 days every 10 years. And the spring growth period was decreased from 2 days to 3 days every 10 years. The autumn reproductive period was increased by 2 days to 3 days every 10 years. As the temperature increased, the water use efficiency of spring corn increased. The influence of temperature on spring corn’s water use efficiency was the positive effect. As the temperature increase by 1℃, spring corn’s water use efficiency increased by 0.46 kg/(hm2·mm) to 0.57 kg/(hm2·mm). While the precipitation’s change on effect of irrigation spring corn’s water use efficiency was the negative effect. precipitation decreased 1 mm, spring corn’s water use efficiency could be increased by 0.19-0.78 kg/(hm2·mm). Along with the sunshine duration fluctuated increasing, the water use efficiency of spring corn showed an obvious increasing trend, which impacted on water use efficiency was the positive effect. As hours of sunshine increased every 10h, the spring corn’s water use efficiency increased by 0.2-0.6 kg/(hm2·mm).

  Analysis on Effective Accumulated Temperature Variation Characteristic of Growth Jixiaomai in Chaoyang Area in 50 Years 2014, 30 (2):  280-285.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0348 Abstract + ( 1220 )   PDF ( 1967418KB )   ( 431 ) In order to study the effect of climate change on wheat growth season and effective accumulated temperature of Chaoyang, the rational response to climate change, to provide the basis for the impact of regional climate change on agricultural production and agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation system construction and improvement. Use of Chaoyang and Jianping from March to July from 1961 to 2011, the daily average temperature data, through the use of climate statistical analysis method, analyzes the Jixiaomai effective accumulated temperature change rule and characteristics of growth arid region of Chaoyang. The results showed that: Jianping and Chaoyang effective accumulated temperature climate mean showed increasing trend, Chaoyang spring, summer and annual effective accumulated temperature was higher than the mean climate of Jianping, increase rate was high in Jianping; the worst heat condition was in 1970 to1979, and the best heat condition was near 2001; Chaoyang and Jianping summer and annual effective accumulated temperature warming trend was basically consistent, point mutation was in 1996 to1997; 1980 to1989 in Jianping become warming, rising from 2000 to 2009 warming, warming faster than Jianping; annual effective temperature increased Chaoyang more apparent than in Jianping, the summer temperature increasing tendency in Jianping than in Chaoyang significantly.

  The Evolvement Trend of Ground Climate in China Loess Plateau 2014, 30 (2):  286-294.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2632 Abstract + ( 731 )   In order to more fully reveal decadal change characteristics of climate system in loess plateau of China, look for near-surface climate evolution, the author investigated the loess plateau area 33 climate items, with weather datum of 51 stations during 1960-2009 in China loess plateau, by applying weighted average and fractal dimension analysis to make clear the characters of ground climate system trend characteristic of China loess plateau. The results showed that: the temperature increased with symmetry evolvement. The trend of kinds of month temperature factor had different patter. The maximum temperature change was the most complex, so the minimum temperature was contrary. The rainfall and rain day had reverse directed trend in front a half year and behind a half year; that had obviously increased in June, so contrary in September. The continuum overcast and rainy reduced in autumn, ascended in spring; on the contrary in the connect un-rain period. In the rain climate factor, rain-day change was the most complex; the heaviest rainfall was simple. The wind speed became slow and the air vapor ascended in the loess plateau during 1960-2009. The sunlight time was decreased; mainly did in the spring, on the contrary in autumn. The trend of cloud and relative humidity was not inclining in the plateau; the cloud and relative humidity had increased in the front a half year, but one decreased in the behind a half year; specially different in spring and autumn. That the evaporating descended large extent particularly did in the front a half year; the evaporating had marketable correlation between other climate factors.

  Variation Characteristics of Shandong Province’ s Four Seasons in Resent 50 Years 2014, 30 (2):  295-301.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0711 Abstract + ( 1104 )   In order to master the characteristics of the beginning dates and length of four seasons in each region of Shandong Province, the daily average temperature data at 115 meteorological stations in Shandong Province in 1961 to 2010 were selected. Using the methods of climate trending rate, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of the average beginning dates and length of four seasons had been analyzed. The results showed that: decadal variation of four seasons was similar in northwest Shandong, middle Shandong and south Shandong. The averaged beginning dates of spring and summer in Shandong peninsula area was obviously later than others. Annual length of summer in Shandong peninsula area was obviously shorter than others, annual length of winter was longer. Before 2000, the decadal variation of beginning dates and length in each Shandong area were not obvious. After 2000, the average beginning dates of spring and summer were early in each Shandong area, of autumn and winter were similar. The average length of summer was longer and of winter was shorter. In recent 50 years, the beginning dates of spring was highly significantly earlier, of autumn was postpone, of summer and winter were not notable in each Shandong area. The length of spring was highly significantly longer in each Shandong area except Shandong peninsula area, of winter was significantly shorter and variation of the length of summer and autumn were not obviously except summer of Shandong peninsula area.

  Change Characteristics of Agroclimatic Resources in Jingyuan County for Nearly 60 Years 2014, 30 (2):  302-308.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0635 Abstract + ( 975 )   In order to overall analyze the change characteristics of agroclimatic resources in Jingyuan County under the background of climatic warming, providing scientific reference for reasonably utilizing climatic resources and agricultural production. The author used the observation data, including temperature, rainfall and sunlight hours over the recent 60 years and the statistical methods of linear-trend analysis, Mann-Kendall and power spectrum, the long-term changes in agroclimatic resources in Jingyuan County were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) in the context of global warming, the heat resources of Jingyuan County significantly increased tendency of the annual average temperature change rate of 0.17°C/10 a, there were 9 a and 4 a significant periods and mutations of warming in 1994. The active accumulated temperature for daily mean temperature steadily through 0℃ and 10℃ showed increasing trends, with rates of 25.5 ℃.d/10 a and 34.3 ℃.d/10 a, respectively. (2) The annual precipitation of Jingyuan County showed a trend of weak reduction and change tendency rate was -5.3 mm/10 a, the precipitation mainly concentrated in the summer, with a large inter-annual change, and prone to droughts and flood disasters. Changes in precipitation showed 7.6 a and 3 a significant periods. (3) The annual amount sunshine duration was 2706.4 h in Jingyuan County, with regard to summer crop growing season (April to July) and autumn crop growing season (May to September), the total sunshine duration are about 1010 h and 1233.6 h, respectively. The annual amount sunshine duration transformed reduction into increase from the 1970s and showed 4.5 a significant changes periods.

  The Research of Agricultural Meteorological Forecast Model Based on the Microsoft Excel Statistics 2014, 30 (2):  309-313.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1468 Abstract + ( 775 )   In order to provide sowing time, growth of crops and other agricultural weather forecast accurately and timely for local governments, agricultural sector and farmers, by the establishment of model about the interval number of the average daily temperature through the 5℃ and 0℃ steadily and rice forecast from growing to earing. The author introduced the application of Microsoft Excel SLOPE, INTERCEPT and LINEST the statistics function to the agriculture weather forecasts model. Practices showed that: these three kinds of functions could carry on the best reglin to the known data, and easily deal the relationship between variables, and according to the returned array to observe directly the interrelation between all the independent variables and dependent variable and F value. Therefore, agricultural meteorological forecast model by use of Microsoft Excel statistical function not only can greatly reduce labor intensity, but also improve the work efficiency and prediction effect.

  Analysis on the Dynamic Mechanism of Leisure Agriculture Industrial Cluster 2014, 30 (2):  314-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0590 Abstract + ( 1024 )   Leisure Agriculture plays an important role in adjusting rural industrial structure and promoting rural economic development. Based on the theory analysis of industrial cluster dynamic mechanism, this article analyses the compose and evolution of leisure agriculture industrial cluster according to System dynamics. We find the conclusions: the development of industrial cluster is the interaction of element, dynamic mechanism and competitive advantage. Dynamic mechanism of leisure agriculture industrial cluster has three main parts: basis, incentive and formation path, and in the different development stage, basis is different and incentive and formation are the same.