Abstract: Based on the data of consumption from 2000 to 2010 of Chongqing, this paper perform an empirical research by using factor analysis, This paper withdraw survival, health and enjoy consumption public factors. and find that survival consumption is still priority to the others; The score is positive with residence, household facilities, articles and services and clothing, negatively with food, culture, education, recreation and services. The score show "W" type on the whole and the acceleration trend is evident in the Later stage. Finally ,we put forward some suggestions in order to optimize the consumption structure of rural residents in Chongqing.