Current issue

• 2014 Vol.30 No.20 Published:15 July 2014

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  Study on the Law Governing the Growth and Development of White Goat in Nothern Shaanxi of Different Feeding Pattern BI Tai-Fei BI Tai-Fei 2014, 30 (20):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2554 Abstract + ( 653 )   PDF ( 645082KB )   ( 610 ) This paper uses a method of different feeding and management group comparison, investigates, counts 2009 completely grazing goat, 2010 half of grazing goat and 2011, 2012 in different supplementary feeding flocks of goat cashmere yield, cashmere length, body weight, length of body, chest circumference, circumference and other growth parameters, comparing in different feeding mothdes in 2012 completely stallfed goat weight was (33.80±5.15) kg, length of body is (76.92±3.57) cm, chest circumference (81.34±4.37) cm, circumference is (7.71±0.26) cm. All higher than other feeding methodes (P＜0.01); half of grazing goat cashmere yield was (549.93±143.15) kg, cashmere length was (5.40±0.92) cm are higher than other feeding mothdes (P＜0.01); stall- fed goat meat production performance higher than the other feeding meat performance conditions. It may be stall-fed goat lack of exercise, less energy consumption. Semi-feeding half grazing goat cashmere performance higher than other methods of grazing goat may be enough exercise, a good mental state, nutritional adequacy. In the same kind of feeding way 2012 ram concentrate supplement increased by 0.25 kg than in 2011, results in 2012, weight was (33.80±5.15) kg, 2.99 kg heavier than 2011. An annual cashmere yiele of 2012 is (470.41±167.74) kg. An annual cashmere yiele of 2011 is (520.73±167.96) kg (P＜0.01); In the nutrition level to above maintenance requirement, improve the nutrition level had no effect on performance of cashmere.

  Study on The Quality of Ram Semen and Extender for Youzhou Black-skinned Goat Semen 2014, 30 (20):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0562 Abstract + ( 943 )   PDF ( 657615KB )   ( 583 ) To protect and utilize a precious genetic resource of Youzhou black- skinned Goat, the author conducted experiments to investigate the quality of ram semen. Several semen extenders were studied in order to find out which is the best extender. The results showed that he average ejaculate volume was 0.85 mL, vitality was 81.56% and the rate of terato sperm was 7.27 %, intact acrosome rate was 91.48 %, sperm density was 23.8 billion/mL, all the index met the requirements of GB20557- 2006. The effects of the ram’s spermatozoa conserved inⅢdiluent was better than other diluents，(P＜0.05)．and the effects of the ram’s spermatozoa conserved in low temperature environment is better than in room temperature environment and high temperature. In conclusion, the collected fresh semen of rams in Conservation field of Chongqing city Youyang was found to be of good quality, the rams are capable of hybridization, the diluentⅢcould be used to conserve ram semen .

  Expression of Bovine IL-6 and the Adjuvant Effects on Subunit Vaccine of Foot-and-Mouth Virus 2014, 30 (20):  11-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3397 Abstract + ( 716 )   PDF ( 753264KB )   ( 621 ) To detect the adjuvant effects of IL-6 on subunit vaccine VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease, bovine IL- 6 and VP1 sequences were cloned and inserted into the expressing vector pGEX- 6p- 1 respectively. Recombined plasmids pGEX- 6P- 1/BoIL- 6, pGEX- 6P- 1/VP1 and pGEX- 6P- 1/BoIL- 6/VP1 were constructed and expressed in E. coli RS21 with a high expression level. The IL-6 effects on immune response in guinea pig as molecule adjuvant were detected. The results showed recombined plasmids were expressed correctly in E. coli in inclusion body. After recombined proteins immunized Guinea pigs for three times, IL-6/ VP1 group induced a high level of humoral immune response and cellular immune response, which had a similar immune level to vaccine group and VP1+CSF group. The results indicated IL-6 could enhance the immunological reaction level as molecule adjuvant.

  Expression of 3C Proteinase of Type O Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Mammalian Cells 2014, 30 (20):  17-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3399 Abstract + ( 734 )   PDF ( 562108KB )   ( 698 ) To construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid of tpye O foot-and-mouth disaese virus(FMDV) 3C proteinase, and to express in BHK-21 cells, 3C gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from type O FMDV strain and then cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(-) using the restriction enzyme XhoⅠand Hind Ⅲ, the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)-3C was transfected into the BHK-21 cells by Lipofectamine TM 2000 Reagent. After the confirmation by PCR, enzyme digestion and sequence analyses, the resulting plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)-3C was constructed correctly; Western-blot analyses showed that the plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)-3C was successfully expressed type O FMDV 3C proteinase in BHK-21 cells. The construction of the eukaryotic expression plasmid would help to study the assembly of FMDV empty capsid in vitro and establish a basic experiment to develop the type O FMDV empty capsid vaccine in future.

  Epidemiological Survey and Analysis on Tembusu Virus in Ducks 2014, 30 (20):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2742 Abstract + ( 627 )   PDF ( 552584KB )   ( 445 ) To investigate the epidemiology and analysis on Tembusu virus in ducks, all of 6854 samples were collected from laying ducks, ducks for breeding and meat ducks which were from duck farms of Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces during 2010—2013. These samples were detected by indirect ELISA and the results were also analyzed. The results showed that all antibodies against Tembusu virus of laying ducks, ducks for breeding and meat ducks were positive except meat muscovy ducks. The positive rate of antibody level against Tembusu virus was uneven. The results indicated that Tembusu viruses were still prevalent in ducks. And the infection spectrum had extended to meat ducks. It would be the scientific basis of the prevention of Tembusu virus in ducks in these provinces even all the country.

  Effects of Ration Levels on Growth, Digestive Enzyme, Immune Enzymes Activities and Nitrogen Budget of Litopenaeus vannamei 2014, 30 (20):  26-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1044 Abstract + ( 731 )   PDF ( 476927KB )   ( 425 ) In order to study the effect of ration level on Shrimp, ration levels on growth characteristics, digestive enzymes, immune enzyme and nitrogen balance of Litopenaeus vannamei was studied. The results indicated that ration level significantly affected the survival rate, weight increasing rate, feed coefficient, growth rate, the nitrogen balance, part of digestive enzymes and immune enzymes activity. Weight increasing rate and specific growth rate were highest in 7% of ration level, survival rate was lowest in 9% of ration level, feed coefficient was lowest in 2% of ration level. A curves relationship existed between ration level and specific growth rate, and specific growth rate was highest in 7.92% of ration level. Feeding nitrogen, growth nitrogen, excretion nitrogen and fecal nitrogen were lowest in 2% of ration level and highest in 7% of ration level significantly. Low ration levels got low digestive enzymes and immune enzymes activity. Therefore, the optimal ration level should be 7%-8%.

  Evaluate the Concentration of Purified White Spot Syndrome Virus with Spectrophotometry qin chongtao 2014, 30 (20):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0583 Abstract + ( 884 )   PDF ( 876562KB )   ( 678 ) First the quality of WSSV genome was calculated and the genomic DNA ratio of total WSSV particle mass was measured. According to the calculation, the mass of complete WSSV particles was 3.079×10-15g. In addition, the different components’proportion in WSSV dry weight was determined. The genomic DNA accounted for 10.17%, nucleocapsid accounted for 43.07%, envelop lipid accounted for 22%, envelop protein accounted for 24.76%. The relation between the concentration of WSSV and the OD600 of the suspension of WSSV is C=OD600×6.79×108virions/μL。

  Molecular Characterization and Tissue Expression Analysis of PmTLR2 Gene from Pinctada martensii 2014, 30 (20):  35-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0839 Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 742607KB )   ( 750 ) Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) is an important component in the TLRs family, which is one family of pathogen-associated molecular pattern recognization receptors (PRRs). In this study, using rapid amplification of cDNA ends technology (RACE), we obtained the full length of PmTLR2 gene cDNA from Pinctada martensii (PmTLR2). The full length of PmTLR2 cDNA was 2614 bp, containing a 5’untranslated region (UTR) of 41 bp and a 3’UTR of 299 bp with 27 bp polyA tail. The open reading frame (ORF) was 2274 bp encoding 758 amino acid residues. Multiple sequence alignment indicated PmTLR2 had 51% sequence identity with that from Crassostrea gigas. SMART program analysis indicated PmTLR2 contained eight Leucine rich repeats (LRRs), one Leucine-rich repeat C-terminal (LRR-CT), one Leucine-rich repeat N-terminal (LRR-NT) and one TIR (Toll/IL-1R). Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that PmTLR2 was constitutively expressed in all studied tissues (aductor muscle, gonad, hepatopancreas, mantle, hemocytes and gill) in P.martensii with the most abundant mRNA in the gill. These studies provide the basis for the further study of PmTLR2 in the immune response in mollusk.

  Contrastive Analyses on Macro-environment of Marine Industry in U.S and China with PEST Model 2014, 30 (20):  42-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2792 Abstract + ( 758 )   PDF ( 489812KB )   ( 532 ) Building China as a marine powerful country is a new strategic goal during the 18th National Congress of CPC. Therefore, the marine industry becomes a new popular research issue. The development of marine industry is restricted with the macro-environment as other industries. To upgrade current China’s macro-environment of marine industry, this passage intends to use contrastive analyses comparing with U.S, a marine powerful nation worldwide, with PEST model analyzing the macro-environment of marine industry from the perspective of the political and law environment, economic environment, social cultural environment and technological environment respectively. After comparison, lack of national-level marine-related laws and regulation and marine-favored economic policies, weak marine conscious and cross-subject integration in marine science development are found. To improve current macro-environment of China’s marine industry, enhance the marine consicious is the first priority. Only all the citizens of China are aware the importance of marine industry can urge the government to launch perfect marine-related laws and economic-favored policies.

  The Sustainable Development of County Agricultural Industrialization: A Case Study in Yugan, Jiangxi Province 2014, 30 (20):  47-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3310 Abstract + ( 893 )   PDF ( 2639838KB )   ( 1102 ) At present, the agricultural industrialization has become the key measures to improve the agricultural efficiency and farmers’ income in our country. It is an important means to solve the issue of ’agriculture, rural areas and farmers’ and advance rural economic work as a whole. With the increasing perfection of agricultural industrialization, the series of problems gradually stand out, such as land sustainable use, improve the rural environment, agricultural products processing waste and recycling industry chain extension, etc. It also puts forward severe challenges. This article analyzed the present situation, problems and ecological footprint of the agricultural industrialization in Yugan, and found it in a state of unsustainable development. From the viewpoint of the sustainable development, then, this article put forward the direction of agricultural industrialization development (agricultural industrialization combined with ecological agriculture and tourism industry). Hope to provide a feasible way for the long-term sustainable development of county agricultural industrialization.

  The Factor Analysis to the Willingness to Pay of Quality and Safety Aquatic Products: as An Example of Shanghai Consumers 2014, 30 (20):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2926 Abstract + ( 610 )   PDF ( 523472KB )   ( 348 ) For the study of the influence factors of consumer willingness to pay for aquatic products quality and safety. Accorded to the Shanghai consumer’s questionnaire survey data, used SPSS statistical analysis software safety of aquatic products for the consumer’s willingness to pay for the regression analysis, the result showed: the consumers' family income level, monthly spending on agricultural products, aquatic products fresh degree, the quality and safety, and gender factors on the quality and safety of consumers has a great influence on willingness to pay, and putted forward related suggestions: increase of aquatic products quality safety knowledge propaganda and popularization; increase subsidies for certification of aquatic products; strengthen the supervision and punishment of aquatic products; set up a corresponding organization communication mechanism, give full play to the enthusiasm of the social from all walks of life to maintain the quality and safety of aquatic products.

  Prices of Vegetables Guiding Relationship Research in Beijing Wholesale 2014, 30 (20):  63-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2709 Abstract + ( 610 )   PDF ( 728613KB )   ( 464 ) According to the guide relationship between the vegetable varieties to carry out market regulation or warning, it is an effective way of warning. Based on the Beijing wholesale market data, it researched the prices guiding relationship of 9 higher changing correlation vegetables, cucumber, tomato, cabbage, potatoes, eggplant, pakchoi, cauliflower, chili, zucchini, etc., and establishing VAR (vector auto regression model) model, using Granger causality test, impulse response function and variance decomposition to analyze and deliberate. The results showed that, there was at least one- way Granger causality between nine kinds of vegetables prices. The prices change impulse of cucumber, pakchoi and zucchini, can cause obvious response to other varieties. At the case of ignoring their own contribution rate, cucumber prices changes contributed the highest to other varieties, moreover lasting longer, which contributed more than 40% to eggplant prices, chili prices, potato prices, zucchini prices. Zucchini prices changes had higher contribution rates to the prices of eggplant, potato, and chili, and the highest to 22%, 19.83% and 16.17%.

  Analysis on the Basic Trend and Characteristics of World Potatoes Production 2014, 30 (20):  78-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2539 Abstract + ( 668 )   PDF ( 2058188KB )   ( 1151 ) Potatoes is the world's fourth largest food crop, widely planted in the world, about 160 countries growing potatoes. Concerned about the development of world potato production is favorable to China's potato industry. This paper analyzed the world and regional potatoes production and its historical evolution from perspective of world potatoes production, and made some basic judgments. The results showed that: world potatoes was intensively distributed in three zones, which were the high mountain zone, lowland tropical zone, and temperate zone. There were two remarkable latitude bands, which were 23°N-34°N and 44°N-58°N, accounting for 70% of total potato area. Potatoes was widely cultivated in the world, but production differs from country to country. World potatoes main producing area is transferring from the developed countries to the developing countries. World potato production pattern is undergoing huge changes.

  The Evaluation of County Town’ s Agricultural Modernization in China 2014, 30 (20):  87-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3180 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 710924KB )   ( 412 ) By reviewing the evaluation of county town’s agricultural modernization, this paper constructed an index system of China which measured the development level of agricultural modernization. It used model analysis method, that measured Chinese 62 counties (including county-level cities) so that got the comprehensive score of agricultural modernization. By analyzing the scores, the whole development level of county town’s agricultural modernization was not high and balanced. The county its agriculture modernization level was higher was generally developed better of economy, The county its agriculture modernization level was lower was generally under-developed of economy, the big county of agriculture wasn't necessarily a strong agriculture county. it put forward countermeasures and suggested that were significant to speed up Chinese various types of agricultural modernization.

  Study on the Evolution of the Concept of Urban Agriculture and Specification Development 2014, 30 (20):  95-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2106 Abstract + ( 848 )   PDF ( 481603KB )   ( 516 ) The concept of urban agriculture has evolved since its idea was put forward. In this paper, it elaborated the different of urban agriculture at home and abroad, and combined with China national conditions, it redefined the new concept of urban agriculture from three levels. Based on domestic urban agriculture development needs and trends, the author stated that China urban agriculture should be established in micro-urban agriculture idea, and research should focus on urban families’ leisure agriculture. At the same time, the author gave advice on urban agriculture standard from improvement of relevant laws, subject integration, technology development, market development etc.

  Research on Influence Mechanism of Agriculture Subsidy Policy on Different Resource Endowments the Willingness of Land Transfer——Based on Jiangxi Sample Data 2014, 30 (20):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2640 Abstract + ( 709 )   PDF ( 577528KB )   ( 516 ) In order to explore how to guide to rice farmers transfer the land orderly under the background of increasing agricultural subsidies policy support. The author adopted 231 sample datum of rice farmers in Jiangxi Province and applied the Probit model to make a research about main factors which effected the rice farmers’willingness to transfer the land. Moreover, the author put particular emphasis to analyze the influence of farmers’willingness to transfer the land on which grain subsidies policy made. The results showed that: there was little positive influence on rice farmers’willingness to transfer the land. There were various uses of grain subsidies funds, grain subsidies policies had no positive impact on famers’willingness to transfer land that seldom put food subsidies policies into rice production and even there were some negative effects; rice farmers ability endowments, socio-economic endowments, objectives and external factors had some influence on farmers’willingness to transfer land to varying degrees.

  Review on Influence Factors of Agricultural Products Safety 2014, 30 (20):  106-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3099 Abstract + ( 846 )   PDF ( 550982KB )   ( 629 ) The safety of agro-food is the focus of the government and society. Through literature analysis, the macro factors affecting safety of agro-food based on the perspective from the government security and the micro factors based on the perspective from the supply chain security including laws and regulations system, standards system, inspection and testing system, regulatory system, supply chain organization model, information transmission, distribution of income, cognition and consciousness, knowledge and technology and reputation are put forward. A influence factors model of agro-food safety is established, and the relationships of the macro factors and micro factors are reviewed. In addition, the further research directions are pointed out.

  Exploration of the Operations on Agricultural Products Marketing of Farmer’s Specialized Cooperative——From Case Revelations of the National Outstanding Farmers’Professional Cooperatives 2014, 30 (20):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2675 Abstract + ( 977 )   PDF ( 624011KB )   ( 426 ) In order to promote the farmer’s specialized cooperatives more effectively carry out agricultural products marketing in the process of linking the "small farmers and big market" of in our country. Taking national outstanding farmer’s specialized cooperative as cases, this article analyzes and compares the effectiveness of its operations on agricultural products marketing during its production process. The results showed that the marketing action is mainly embodied in the prenatal for production planning and control product quality, during production of standardized management and safety control, postpartum use of various marketing strategies to promote sales and establish image and so on. Then this paper analyzed the reasons for the successful marketing of agricultural products and the effectiveness and resistance of in-depth marketing channel, and finally given some suggestions.

  The Analysis of Space-time Variation Pattern of nNet Income of County Farmers in Gansu Province 2014, 30 (20):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3194 Abstract + ( 593 )   PDF ( 831647KB )   ( 826 ) Promote the development of regional agriculture rapidly and increase farmers' income continuously is a very important task to build a well-off society in an all-round way. The thesis synthetically use the SPSS, Geoda and ARCGIS 9.3 software, Use the county per capita net income of farmers in 1995 to 2011 data in Gansu province, analyzing preliminarily the change of famer’s income in time and space characteristics, the overall and local spatial pattern changes and reasons. The results show that the spatial autocorrelation characteristic of farmers' income level is obvious in county of Gansu province, similar levels of income distribution in space agglomeration in, and present a‘dumbbell’form space pattern. Namely high income farmers in areas concentrated distribution in Hexi area, low- income areas concentrated distribution in Longzhong, Longdong and Longnan region. The different geographical location conditions, imbalanced economical development and social conditions’difference is the major causes of regional variations in farmers' income level.

  Factor Analysis of the Consumption Structure of Rural Residents Based on Panel Data of Chongqing 2014, 30 (20):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3223 Abstract + ( 704 )   PDF ( 578699KB )   ( 750 ) Based on the data of consumption from 2000 to 2010 of Chongqing, this paper perform an empirical research by using factor analysis, This paper withdraw survival, health and enjoy consumption public factors. and find that survival consumption is still priority to the others; The score is positive with residence, household facilities, articles and services and clothing, negatively with food, culture, education, recreation and services. The score show "W" type on the whole and the acceleration trend is evident in the Later stage. Finally ,we put forward some suggestions in order to optimize the consumption structure of rural residents in Chongqing.

  Research on the Characteristics of Summer Microclimate in Cultivated Facilities of South China CHEN LINA 2014, 30 (20):  129-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2949 Abstract + ( 573 )   PDF ( 596713KB )   ( 548 ) In order to find out the characteristics of Summer Microclimate in Vegetable Cultivated Facilities, the temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the insect-proof screens as well as rain proof shelter was detected. The results showed that, there was less difference on average temperature between inside and outside facilities. The facilities temperature increased faster, and the daytime temperature was higher than open field, but the highest temperature difference was bellowed 2℃ between inside and outside. The temperature was similar inside and outside facilities in the evening. The relative humidity was much difference between inside and outside facilities. The relative humidity was high during daytime and evening in rain proof shelter, and low in daytime but high in evening in the insect-proof, while there was always low in open field. There was small change of relative humidity in the rain proof shelter, while the change was large in the insect-proof and open field, through compared the maximum and minimum relative humidity. Therefore, the temperature in the rain proof shelter and insect-proof was similar to open field, both facilities are suitable for summer vegetable cultivation in south China. Choosing the right facilities depend on the plant requirement, while the rain proof shelter do reduce the rain, and insect-proof can reduce the insect and disease.

  Rapid Analysis of Rice and Wheat Straw Components by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy 2014, 30 (20):  133-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0024 Abstract + ( 1146 )   PDF ( 897243KB )   ( 686 ) Crop straw can be used as clean fuel, rapid detection of the fuel properties for straw energy utilization has important significance. This paper through studying the content and calorific value correlation between cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the straw samples, found that lignin and hemicellulose two ingredients as the main energy indexes determine calorific value of straw. The results of variance analysis of each ingredient content of wheat and rice straw showed that: ash content, N, P, Na, and Mg contents in rice straw were significantly higher than those in wheat straw (P<0.01); the calorific value and the contents of volatile, fixed carbon, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, C and H in rice straw were significantly lower than those in the wheat straw(P<0.01); the difference of moisture, K, Ca, and Fe contents in rice and wheat straw was not significant(P>0.05). Based on the C, H, N contents in straw, established multiple linear model to predict the thermal value of the sample, the Correlation Coefficient of Determination (R2) of the predicted value and the true value reached 0.9273, root mean square error of 224 J/g.

  The Application of Environmental Quality Impact Index Method in the Environmental Impact Comprehensive Assessment of Land Consolidation Planning in Shangqiu 2014, 30 (20):  141-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2113 Abstract + ( 711 )   PDF ( 610437KB )   ( 448 ) In order to solve the problem of quantification of comprehensive assessment of environmental quality impact in land consolidation planning, the author used comprehensive quantitative assessment method on environmental quality impact in land consolidation planning. By taking the change in the land use structure caused by the planning as an entry point and the impact on environmental systems structure-function-value in the implementation of the planning as the object of study, environmental quality impact assessment index system was established. Meanwhile, quantitative assessment model of environment quality comprehensive impact index method was put forward, which was used to assess environmental quality impact of the planning in Shangqiu quantitatively. The assessment index was easy to be valued quantitatively and assessment model of comprehensive impact index method was easy to apply. The impact value of the planning on environmental quality index was +11.76, which showed that the impact of the planning on environmental system structure-function-value environmental system was advantageous overall. The results indicated that: environmental quality impact assessment index system, established by the impact on environmental system structure-function-value in the implementation of the planning, had strong pertinence and the index were easy to be valued quantitatively. By environment quality impact comprehensive assessment model method, the assessment was simplified greatly. This method was practical and had the value of application.

  Study on the Detoxification Process of Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng and its Rotten Fertilizer Application in Allium schoenoprasum L． 2014, 30 (20):  149-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3043 Abstract + ( 696 )   PDF ( 630575KB )   ( 441 ) To find out the best process of solvent detoxification treatment for Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng and to investigate the correlation between Allium schoenoprasum L. yields and the contents of 9-oxo-10 and 11-dehydroagerophorone in Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. Methods: to employ the orthogonal design and the HPLC method combined with compost fermentation and compartment analysis. Results: By comparing toxic ingredient changes before and after solvent detoxification, the optimum process of the treatment was observed by soaking Eupatorium adenophorum for 48 hours in a condition of solution ratio of 1 to 10 (pH=8) at a temperature of 50℃. Meanwhile the correlation between Allium schoenoprasum L. yields and the contents of 9- oxo-10 and 11-dehydroagerophorone was analyzed. The result showed that the toxic ingredients in the organic fertilizer made out of detoxificated and rotten Eupatorium adenophorum was very low and it had no discernible effect on shallot yields. Conclusion: it has an obvious effect of solvent detoxification treatment for Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng, which will get a promising application in the production of organic fertilizer by fermentation of detoxificated Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.

  A Review of Research on Chemical Behavior and Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Soil Caused by Earthworms 2014, 30 (20):  154-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0141 Abstract + ( 812 )   PDF ( 488019KB )   ( 661 ) In order to understand the interaction between earthworm activity and chemical behavior of heavy metals in the soils and reduce the toxic effects of heavy metals on soil organisms. A lot of research works on the cumulative effects of earthworms on soil heavy metals and use earthworms as a indicator organism to represent soil heavy metal pollution have conducted by many domestic and foreign scholars. This paper reviewed the Effects of earthworms on the chemical behavior and bioavailability of soil heavy metals by research material selection, evaluation methods, and influence mechanism of earthworms on soil heavy metals. On this basis, suggestions were made about the research on chemical behavior and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil caused by earthworms.

  Research Progress in Remediation and Its Effect Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil 2014, 30 (20):  161-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2212 Abstract + ( 842 )   PDF ( 595645KB )   ( 1006 ) With the rapid development of agriculture and industry, soil contamination has become a very serious environmental problem facing today, while the contamination of soil by heavy metals is one of the important parts. Physical remediation and chemical remediation and bioremediation are the important methods for solving heavy metal pollution in soil, combined remediation is raised as the research continues. The sources and current situation of soil heavy metal contamination in our country and its repair mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, the standards and evaluation methods after remediation and research progresses both in domestic and abroad are discussed carefully in the text, on this basis, the author comes up with some issues in the future research and looks forward to the future, in order to have contributions to subsequent researches.

  Study on the Variations of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Surface Water Body of Paddy Field 2014, 30 (20):  168-174.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2619 Abstract + ( 666 )   PDF ( 1014317KB )   ( 429 ) In order to look for the best fertilization management for controlling N and P loss availably, a field experiment based on independent irrigation system was conducted to study the dynamic characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water of paddy field, which applied with six different levels of nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that the high amounts of fertilizer will enhance the concentration of total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) in the surface water. The content of TN, NH4+-N and NO3--N increased at the beginning and then decreased as the time past, finally approached a relatively stable level after a week; NH4+-N in the surface water reached the peak on the following day after fertilizer application, and rapidly decreased to 25.69%-36.80% of the maximum on the third day. The concentration of NO3--N in surface water was lower than that of NH4+-N, and the peak value which appeared during the 3th day to 5th day was 8.87 mg/L, 1.91 mg/L and 1.50 mg/L, respectively. NH4+-N/TN was increased with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and peaked 2-3 days after fertilizer applied. With the same level of P fertilization, the concentration of TP was increased with the amount of N fertilization. The concentration of TP peaked on the first day after fertilized and decreased afterwards after three times of fertilization.

  Spatial Distribution and Content of Available Boron for Tobacco-growing Soil in Shaoyang 2014, 30 (20):  175-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2244 Abstract + ( 748 )   PDF ( 619626KB )   ( 552 ) In order to understand the distribution of available boron contents for tobacco-growing soils in Shangyang, distribution frequency and difference in different county, towns, Ph group, organic matter group and Spatial distribution of available boron contents were analyzed by collected 1790 soil samples. The results were as follows:(1) The available boron contents in the tobacco-grown soil is an abundant supply for tobacco cultivation，with a mean of 0.80mg/kg and variation coefficient of 42.92%. About 27.26% of the soil samples had available boron contents for suitable tobacco cultivation. (2)The available boron contents of tobacco-growing soils in Longhui county and Xinning county were extremely significant more than Shaoyang county.(3) The tobacco-growing soils in Jiugongqiao town and Huangtang towmship had available boron contents for suitable tobacco cultivation.(4) There is extremely significant differences among the contents of available boron in the different pH group.(5)There is no-significant differences among the contents of available boron in the different organic matter group.(6)Kriging interpolation map indicated that the spatial distributions of available boron were patchiness, while the 0.60～0.90mg/kg were main distribution of available boron contents.

  Pattern Designs of Scale Land Management in Loess Hilly and Gully Region——Based on the Analysis of Questionnaire Surveys of Farmers of Chakou Small Watershed in Yonghe, Shanxi Province 2014, 30 (20):  181-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3200 Abstract + ( 734 )   PDF ( 844553KB )   ( 376 ) There is obvious district difference in China. Pattern of scale land management should be designed according to local conditions. The author designed 2 questionnaires to investigate the condition of scale land management of farmers of Chakou small watershed in the loess hilly and gully region, the data showed 6 key problems: shortage and low quality of manpower, fragmentation and big area gap of cultivated land, high demand of agricultural technology and lack of variable product category, low willingness and simple form of land transaction, poor conservation of water and soil and damage of environment, lack of policy and fund. To solve these problems and to develop Chakou small watershed, based on land use types and farmers’ scale land management willingness, watershed was cut into three parts that contain 5 pattern designs: contract after rent and farmers cooperatives pattern in north area, accurate production pattern in middle area, family farm and service-oriented brand operation pattern in southeast area.

  Analysis of the Impact of Topography on the ‘721’ Extreme Heavy Rainstorm 2014, 30 (20):  188-196.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3104 Abstract + ( 687 )   PDF ( 1140248KB )   ( 618 ) In order to more deeply study the impact of topography to the heavy rain, improve the rainstorm forecast accuracy, the author used the NCEP data and WRF model, the numerical simulations and analysis were conducted for a heavy rainstorm event occurred on July 21 2012 in Beijing, Hebei. The results showed that: the heavy rainfall was in favorable environment and special terrain occurred under the action of this area. Heavy rain center main valley, the mountains and plains of border area, was closely related to the effects of topography. Two aspects of terrain effects mainly thermodynamic and dynamic: wind valley while blowing, obvious form of high temperature, high humidity and water vapor transport, ascending motion, formation of convergence; mountains and plains along the border between the temperature gradient in the windward slope, plus the role, was conducive to the development of convection.

  Research on Treatment on Groundwater Pollution by Landfill Leachate Using 5 Reaction Mediums 2014, 30 (20):  197-201.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2621 Abstract + ( 677 )   PDF ( 609923KB )   ( 552 ) In order to research the possibility of repairation of groundwater polluted by landfill leachate by PRB, the author researched on treatment on groundwater polluted by landfill leachate using zero-valent iron, bentonite, zeolite, activated carbon and slag. The results showed that: treatment to COD with activated carbon was the best, which the removal rate reached to 76.0%. Treatment to COD with zeolite was the worst, which the removal rate was only 45.0% . However, treatment to NH 3 with zeolite was the best, which the removal rate reached to 70.8% . Treatment to NH 3 with zero- valent iron was the worst, which the removal rate was only 42.3%. Experiment continued with zero valent iron, activated carbon and zeolite in different proportioning. It concluded that treatment to COD with zero valent iron, activated carbon and zeolite in 2:2:1 was the best, and then was 1:2:2 and 2:1:2. Treatment to NH 3 with zero valent iron, activated carbon and zeolite in 1:2:1 was the best, and then was 2:1:2 and 2:2:1.

  Study on Pollution Characteristics and Source of Groundwater Pollution in Heavy Metal Contaminated Sites: A Case of Plating Base 2014, 30 (20):  202-207.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2078 Abstract + ( 957 )   PDF ( 1381604KB )   ( 556 ) In order to study the characteristic of groundwater pollution and its influencing factors, and make traceability analysis in plating contaminated sites. With an electroplating contaminated site in Guangdong as an example, the authors collected 9 samples of groundwater, and detected 39 indicators to analyze the pollution characteristics and source of groundwater in plating contaminated site. The results showed that: the groundwater of the plating contaminated sites had received the serious pollution, major pollutants were turbidity, pH, total hardness, total dissolved solids, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, nitrite, anionic surfactants, potassium permanganate index, ammonia, cyanide, total α radioactivity, manganese, chromium, nickel, iron. Different sampling point had different pollution degree and types, in which all test indexes exceeded the standard most serious was GW6. Due to the original enterprise management not standardized of waste-water treatment, pipeline leaks and other reasons, resulting in contamination of groundwater, such as GW6 sampling points for illegal sewage near the electroplating enterprises, GW9 located near septic tanks, thus, on-site survey of corporate management, the understanding of site contamination had an important supporting role.

  The Analysis of Soil Moisture Variation in the Hilly Region of West Henan Province Under the Different Months 2014, 30 (20):  208-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0424 Abstract + ( 588 )   PDF ( 839149KB )   ( 479 ) In order to realize the effective restoration of the degenerative environment in hilly region and select the suitable vegetation restoration models, the dynamic changes of soil moisture of 6 vegetations under the representative months were analyzed with the fixed monitoring on the field. The results showed that the soil moisture of vegetations varied greatly in the different months and it had the definite characteristics. For all the vegetations, the variation of soil moisture in soil superficial layer was greater than that in soil deep layer, and with the soil depth increased, the tendency of the variation for soil moisture was: firstly decreased, then increased and finally decreased. The distributions of soil moisture for all vegetations present fall-S shape in the investigated months, and the variation extent of soil moisture in November was greater than that in April and July. According to the comprehensive analysis for all the vegetations, locust+alfalfa land and wild grass land was better compared to other vegetations. In addition, the specific characteristics of soil moisture variation for every vegetations were also found.moisture in soil superficial layer was greater than that in soil deep layer, and with the soil depth increased, the variation of soil moisture first decreased, then increased and finally decreased. The distribution of soil moisture presents fall-S shape for all the vegetations in the investigated months, and the variation extent of soil moisture in November is greater than that in April and July. According to the comprehensive analysis for all the vegetations, locust+alfalfa land and wild grass land is better compared to other vegetations. In addition, the specific characteristic of soil moisture variation under the different months was also found for every vegetation.

  Research on the Using Efficiency of Household Biogas Digesters in the Rural Areas:Taking 6 Cities in Heilongjiang Province as Examples 2014, 30 (20):  214-218.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0712 Abstract + ( 562 )   PDF ( 535428KB )   ( 371 ) In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of the using of rural biogas in Heilongjiang Province, adapt to the pace of the new rural construction, improve the using efficiency of rural household biogas digester in Heilongjiang Province. The author used questionnaire survey, survey data obtained from the questionnaires of 27 villages in the 6 cities: Harbin City, Daqing City, Suihua City, Jixi City, Mudanjiang City, Hegang City, Heilongjiang Province was applied. The results showed that factors of strategies of state subsidies, education level of farmers, technology service system, costs for digesters’ operation and construction had a great effect on the efficiency. And then suggestions to improve the efficiency were put forward.

  Investigation and Evaluation on Nitrate Concentration Status of Groundwater in Rural Areas of Tianjin 2014, 30 (20):  219-222.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2202 Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 604317KB )   ( 620 ) Nitrate content is an important index to evaluate the quality of groundwater which affects human health directly. As to evaluate the nitrate contamination in groundwater in Tianjin, an investigation and watersampling analysis on nitrate concentration in Tianjin groundwater was performed in 2011, and the nitrate pollution status was studied. The results showed that: the average concentration of NO3--N in groundwater was 7.11 mg/L, and about 12.06% samples exceeded the criterion of national drinking water quality. The nitrate concentration of groundwater was affected obviously by sampling period, sampling area and sampling depth. The nitrate concentration in groundwater after raining period (6.89 mg/L) was lower than that before raining period (7.33 mg/L). The nitrate concentrations in groundwater of 0-30 m, 30-100 m and≥100 m depth were 47.66 mg/L, 13.5 mg/L and 0.18 mg/L respectively. As being affected by cultivation system, fertilizer application and landform, there were obvious differences between the nitrate concentrations of different areas. The nitrate concentrations of Xiqing and Jixian were exceeded 10 mg/L, higher than other districts; the nitrate concentrations of Wuqing, Baodi and Jinghai were between 6.95 mg/L and 9.82 mg/L. The nitrate concentrations of other 5 districts were under 5 mg/L.

  Characteristics of Spatial-temporal Distribution About Hail Days Over Tibet 2014, 30 (20):  223-228.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2518 Abstract + ( 831 )   PDF ( 1181722KB )   ( 740 ) For a comprehensive, in-depth understanding of the characteristics and distribution of Tibetan hail trends relevant for the government and society to provide a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation. The author used the method of Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), the characteristics of spatial-temporal distribution about hail days were analyzed based on the daily hail records of 38 stations over Tibet during 1981 to 2010. Results showed that hail days over Tibet increased from southeast to northwest part of Tibet, and the area with annual average hail days more than 10 days was distributed in Langkazi and north region of the Tibet Plateau above 4000 m sea level. There were 2 spatial distribution characteristics about hail days: unitary consistency, difference between south and north in Tibet. The hail occurred frequently at 12-21 o’clock, especially during afternoon to dusk and often occurs in June to September especially in summer with 60% hail occurrence, but in winter not enough 1 days in Tibet. The annual hail days decreased significantly with the rate of 7.7 d/10 a.

  Analysis of Heavy Snowstorm of Return-flow Events in Shandong Province on November 2014, 30 (20):  229-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2220 Abstract + ( 707 )   PDF ( 6698476KB )   ( 384 ) Blizzard process is one of the important disastrous weather in autumn and winter in Shandong Province, to strengthen the analysis of the disastrous weather forecast, improve the ability and level, the author based on the conventional observational data, the circulation situation and mesoscale and dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of heavy snowstorm of return-flow events in Shandong Province on November since 2000 were analyzed. The results showed that: these heavy snowstorm of return-flow events had phase transformation (rain and snow), temperatures below 925 hPa was a very useful index for precipitation phase. The conceptual model of these events were the trough of 500 hPa and 700 hPa in the Hetao Area or east, the shear line of 850 hPa from the southwest to the Shandong, the high pressure from northwest to southeast of ground, directly affect system were trough, shear line and low-level jet. The thick layers of atmospheric humidity to middle troposphere or higher, the inversion layer were important characteristics of these events. The characteristics had strong convergence in the lower vapor flux divergence field, low zone of θse extended to the hinterland of the central plains, convective instability in the atmosphere of the top, alternately convergence and divergence of divergence from up to down, ascending motion of vertical velocity field from the surface to the tropopause.

  The Analysis of the Climate Characteristic of Variation in Past 50 Years in Xinzhou City 2014, 30 (20):  237-243.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3155 Abstract + ( 1152 )   PDF ( 1911410KB )   ( 584 ) In order to study the regional differences in climate change and rational development and utilization of climate resources, better improve agricultural production environment. Based on the observation data of 15 meteorological stations from 1963 to 2012 in Xinzhou City, the spatio-temporal changes of temperature and precipitation trends were analyzed. Results showed that: (1) Hequ, Wutai, Wuzhai regression coefficient was negative for the downward trend in annual average precipitation, and Xinfuqu, Fanshi average annual precipitation in regression coefficients were expressed as an upward trend. (2) The temperature mutations had occurred in the 90’s of the last century in Xinzhou City, and it temperatures showed an upward trend.

  Photosynthetically Active Radiation Characteristics of the Typical Steppe 2014, 30 (20):  244-248.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2500 Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 727891KB )   ( 571 ) In order to use solar energy, provide a basis for agricultural industrial structure adjustment by use of 2010 average photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and global solar radiation (Rs) data, using the least squares linear fit of photosynthetically active radiation area characteristics. The results showed that: a typical sunny day and cloudy day PAR and Rs curve consistent trends, and the former was significantly greater than the value of the latter; PAR average monthly total of 8.15 MJ/m2, the annual total of 2983.1 MJ/m2, spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons, the average daily total seasonal variation was obvious, summer maximum and winter minimum; PAR/Rs sunny day cloudy day was significantly less than the value of the annual average of 0.497, the monthly average at 0.422-0.544 between the maximum in late summer in August to 0.544, minimum in winter in January was 0.42. PAR/Rs changes in the magnitude and the local weather and climate related, by the sky clouds, atmospheric aerosols, water vapor content in the atmosphere and other factors.

  Temporal Distribution and Trend Prediction of Lightning Disaster of Country in Chongqing 2014, 30 (20):  249-254.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2523 Abstract + ( 716 )   PDF ( 642711KB )   ( 425 ) Lightning disasters were serious in rural areas in Chongqing, which made greater casualties and property loss every year. By analyzing the time distribution rule of lightning disasters from 1998 to 2012 and using the grey system theory modeling method, the grey cataclysm GM (1,1) prediction model of disastrous year was established to predict the lightning disaster trend in rural areas in Chongqing. The prediction result showed that: in the future 20 years, especially the year of 2021, it would be 4 to 5 disastrous years. The researches offered the scientific basis to the government sectors to make out the lightning protection and disaster mitigation plans and countermeasures, and contribute to reduce the threat and harm of lightning disasters.

  Study of the Objective Weighting Method Based on Data Information in Land Resource Evaluation 2014, 30 (20):  255-262.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2102 Abstract + ( 816 )   PDF ( 1052824KB )   ( 570 ) Nowadays, quite a lot of objective weighting methods were used in evaluating index, and results of all the methods for the same index data were different, some common objective weighting methods were classified and regulated. Meanwhile, land consolidation evaluation data in Zhuanglang County in Gansu Province were taken as the basic materials. From the principle of objective weighting method, based on characteristics of data information, introducing coefficient of variation (cv) and variance inflation factor (vif), according to mean cv and mean vif in different indicator systems, differential group and related group were created. Under every indicator system, different methods were compared and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) among the method of entropy, variation coefficient, mean square difference and maximizing difference diciding based on different information, the entropy method was best; (2) the results of the entropy method using different information and the multiple coefficient method using repeated information were different; (3) combinational weighting method based on the entropy method and the multiple correlation coefficient method was optimal.

  High Temperature Risk Analysis in Chongqing Area Based on the Information Diffusion Theory 2014, 30 (20):  263-269.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2150 Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 848920KB )   ( 618 ) In order to understand the high risk rules in Chongqing area, reducing the area of disaster losses caused by high temperature. Using the temperature data (1981-2010) in 34 ground meteorological observation stations in Chongqing area, combining the theory of information diffusion model, the author analyzed high temperature risk and the causes of the Chongqing area. The results showed that: the number of years the average maximum temperature, the high temperature days in Chongqing with time showed a linear increase trend; Chongqing had 3 extreme high temperature and high temperature days prone zone of high temperature; and4 regional Chongqing area number risk difference greatly, at high degrees of risk probability study, Chongqing 4 area at 36℃risk probability reached the maximum value stability, represented by the Qianjiang Region with a higher probability of risk, high temperature events; from the perspective of high temperature disaster risk distribution, with the area increased disaster grade of high temperature had also reduced accordingly. Based on this, it will provide the theoretical basis for disaster prevention and mitigation in Chongqing.

  Research Based on GIS of Farmland Productivity at Yichun City 2014, 30 (20):  270-275.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2851 Abstract + ( 617 )   PDF ( 643871KB )   ( 579 ) With the help of Geographic Information System (GIS), overlaying analysis of the 1:50000 current land- use map, soil map and administrative map, forming 737 patches, which were used as the basic management and evaluation cells. This research selected fourteen influencing factors from five aspects such as site conditions, section properties, obstacle factors, soil conditions, soil management, and the evaluation system and model of farmland fertility was built up. The results showed that, 3543.18 hm2 cultivated land could be divided into seven grades, the grade one was 355.24 hm2, the grade two was 533.64 hm2, the grade three was 575.72 hm2, the grade four was 738.09 hm2, the grade five was 503.53 hm2, the grade six was 445.06 hm2, the grade seven was 391.90 hm2, the fertility of grade one to seven account for 10.03%, 16.25%, 16.25%, 20.83%, 14.21%, 12.26%, 11.06%, respectively.

  Evaluation of Cultivated Land Quality of Hangzhou District Based on GIS 2014, 30 (20):  276-283.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3239 Abstract + ( 817 )   PDF ( 864148KB )   ( 570 ) Cultivated land is the most basic resource for agricultural production, and quality of the cultivated land directly affects the sustainable development of agricultural production. In this paper, taking Hangzhou of Zhejiang Province as an example, the author took GIS technology to evaluate the quality of cultivated land with an area of 176128 hm2 by constructing a mathematical model. Survey data obtained from soil testing and formula fertilization project, with basic information of landform and irrigation and water conservancy facilities, were used as factors for evaluating the quality of cultivated land. The results showed that quality of Hangzhou’s cultivated land could be divided into three grades and five levels. The areas of the first, second and third grades of the land accounted for 21.8%, 76.9% and 1.3% of the total area, respectively. The areas of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth levels of the land accounted for 0.8%, 21.1%, 52.6%, 24.3% and 1.3% of the total area, respectively. The overall quality of cultivated land in Hangzhou belonged to the middle and upper level, evaluation of cultivated land grade distribution with GIS technology was consistent with the actual situation, suggesting that the GIS technology was a feasible method for evaluating the cultivated land productivity. Production performance and management countermeasures of different levels of cultivated land were also discussed.

  Model for Estimating Winter Wheat Yield Based on RADARSAT-2 of Double-polarization and Double-time Phase 2014, 30 (20):  284-289.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2242 Abstract + ( 757 )   PDF ( 1133234KB )   ( 454 ) In order to provide winter wheat yield assess for agriculture department, experimental fields of winter wheat yield data in May before harvest, and the synthetic aperture radar (SAR)double polarized: RDARSAT-2 that were photographed in April and May in Huaihe River Region were adopted for winter wheat yield estimating. Then yield estimating model was established using different fitting methods between winter yield and backscatter coefficient of 2 time phase. The other experimental fields were chosen to test estimating models. Finally, best estimating model was chosen to accomplish winter wheat yield estimating. The results showed that: exceeding 80% precision yield estimating model and yield estimating result were obtained. Using SAR for yield estimating about a month before harvest, it illustrated these ideas and methods were effective.

  Application of Internet of Things Technology in Farm Environmental Monitoring 2014, 30 (20):  290-295.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3049 Abstract + ( 1017 )   PDF ( 2579147KB )   ( 815 ) In order to realize the automate management of agriculture, and the implementation of precision production and providing comprehension information for scientific research, the farm environmental monitoring system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) was designed, the system was made up of 3 layers which were sensor layer, transmission layer and application layer, respectively. The modular structure was adopted to develop coordinator node and routing node which had flexible structures and strong versatility, the node connects with sensors through standard analog interface, on the basis of which, high reliability, flexible Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) was built, the WSN could perceive environment information for greenhouse tomato growth in a read time way, and transmits the data to the remote server management system reliably. Field experiments showed that the farm environmental monitoring system based on the Internet of Things was stable and reliable and provided basis for the scientific forecasting and science cultivation.

  Analysis of Papers on Rice Research Published by Zhejiang Province in 2008-2012 2014, 30 (20):  296-301.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2544 Abstract + ( 668 )   PDF ( 660689KB )   ( 433 ) In order to research the publication and the regional distribution of rice articles from Zhejiang Province in recent 5 years. This paper conducted quantitative analysis through statistical analysis method to research the articles published by units and individuals of Zhejiang Province during year 2008-2012 from the amount of articles, regional distribution, cited times, impact factor, H index and published journals. The results showed that in year 2008 to 2012, the quality of rice articles published by Zhejiang Province made greatly progress and plenty of articles were published in SCI journals. The high quality rice articles which were published by Zhejiang Province were mainly concentrated in units, such as Zhejiang University, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other units and colleges at Provincial Level.

  Review of Facilities Agriculture Meteorological Disasters and Prospect of Associated Study Methods 2014, 30 (20):  302-307.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2992 Abstract + ( 930 )   PDF ( 564015KB )   ( 648 ) In recent years, facilities agriculture has become the highest efficiency industry in farming and planting industry in China, however, the facilities crop production is highly dependent on climate conditions and influenced by the disaster weather strongly. Therefore, it’s significant to assess the impact and risk of meteorological disasters on the facilities crops scientifically and reasonably in agricultural production. There exist some researches about facilities agriculture meteorological disaster, but few people make a summary of current researches and point out the topics of future researches, also, some urgent problems exist in this area. Based on the difference between domestic and abroad facilities agriculture, the author reviewed the international research progress of facilities agriculture meteorological disasters, summarized the characteristics and problems of existing researches, and put forward some solutions to the existing problems based on the new ideas of agro-meteorological disaster and risk evaluation, in order to organize original ideas and provide some new ideas and direction for researchers when carried out related research in future.

  Application of 3 Drought Evaluation Indices of the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province 2014, 30 (20):  308-315.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2680 Abstract + ( 766 )   PDF ( 1162231KB )   ( 564 ) In order to improve the accuracy of drought monitoring, to achieve national standards for providing meteorological drought index for drought monitoring the application of the loess plateau in Shaanxi, based on the monthly temperature and precipitation data at 68 meteorological stations of the loess plateau in Shaanxi Province during 1971 to 2010, the author adopted a cumulative frequency method to correct the threshold of three drought indices, and then used the drought live on history to analyze the indices. The results showed that: the evolution trends of the yearly drought were basically consistent, the years with many drought stations were in accordance with the typical drought years in history of the loess plateau in Shaanxi Province. On the same arid process, the drought monitoring results were basically the same. The corrected indices solved the shortcoming of monitoring results of the heavier SPI and the lighter Ci. And according to the characteristic of precipitation variability during the year, to correct the regional Pa index monthly. Monitoring results more objectively reflected the drought situation.

  Dynamic Mechanism and Spatial Variation of Rural Tourism in Impoverished Mountainous Area ——A Case Study of Southeast Chongqing 2014, 30 (20):  316-320.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3165 Abstract + ( 643 )   PDF ( 861846KB )   ( 417 ) Rural tourism development is an important strategic measure of poverty alleviation. In order to promote the development of rural tourism, Study on the dynamic mechanism and spatial variation is crucial. Taking the southeastern region of Chongqing as an example, we use location theory and spatial organization theory to study the dynamic mechanism of spatial variation. Based on the characteristics of spatial distribution and spatial structure, we restructure the spatial organization of rural tourism destination in southeast Chongqing and establish their spatial relations. The study found that, rural tourism attractions are with a discrete distribution on the whole. Most passenger flows are from major Source to destination, but rarely between tourism attractions. Only a few regions emerge a phenomenon of punctuate polarization, and also axial integration structure is rare in southeastern region of Chongqing. Establishing a growth pole city to attract tourists and share passenger flow is the best way for rural tourism attractions. It means that, we should construct spatial structure system of tourism destination and create a series of passenger flow channels.